Journal of Education and Health Promotion

Adaptive coping strategies used by people during coronavirus

. Sarah Javed; . Heena Parveen

Volume 11, Issue 3 , March 2021, Pages 1-8

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Coronavirus (COVID‑19) a worldwide pandemic has significantly affectedlife of people around the globe. It has also caused various psychological issues among publicsuch ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Coronavirus (COVID‑19) a worldwide pandemic has significantly affectedlife of people around the globe. It has also caused various psychological issues among publicsuch as uncertainty, fear, anxiety, and of course stress. Globalization has facilitated it and hasadded greater complexity to the containment of infection leading to urgent call for public healthchallenge. Consequently, a multilevel stress coping adjustment process is going on. Hence, it isimperative to explore how people are affected psychologically and how they are coping with it.People are adopting different strategies for coping up from this challenging situation. In this sense,the present study intended to: explore which coping strategies were of relevance for people foradjusting in COVID‑19 crises and were sociodemographic factors influencing the coping strategies.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The research is descriptive study. For the present study, a sampleof 475 participants was asked for coping strategies used by them using valid and reliable scales.RESULTS: Results revealed that positive attitude and trust in God were the most used adaptivecoping strategies and sociodemographic variables were playing a significant role in adaptive copingstrategies.CONCLUSION: Hence, understanding and identification of coping strategies and their relationshipwith demographic variables can help health professionals to direct interventions to control stressorsrelated to the pandemics.

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Exploring Iranian married working women’s experiences regarding sexual health challenges

. Khadige Abadian; . Zohreh Keshavarz; . Hourieh Shamshiri Milani; . Mostafa Hamdieh; . Maliheh Nasiri

Volume 11, Issue 3 , March 2021, Pages 1-8

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Considering that the quality of personal life and the quality of sexual life of workingwomen interact with each other and considering that job as one of the dimensions that ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Considering that the quality of personal life and the quality of sexual life of workingwomen interact with each other and considering that job as one of the dimensions that can playa direct role in the quality of life and also due to increasing women’s participation in professionalactivities in today’s society, this study was designed and conducted to explain the experiences ofworking women considering sexual health challenges.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This research was a qualitative study that the information of whichwas obtained through face‑to‑face interviews with semi‑structured and open‑ended questionnaires.Interviews were conducted with 32 working women working in public and private offices in Tehran,Iran, to explore their experiences of the role of jobs in sexual challenges. The sampling methodwas purposive. Data analysis was performed using a qualitative content analysis method with aconventional approach by MAXQDA software version 10, and to establish the reliability and validityof findings, Graneheim and Lundman criteria were considered.RESULTS: Data analysis from 32 interviews resulted in the formation of 223 primary inferentialcodes and 1 main category and 4 subcategories. The results of data analysis were presented inone main category, including sexual health challenges among working women. This main categoryconsisted of four subcategories such as sexual problems due to employment, job harassment, theessential needs for sexual relationship, need for the better job management, and married sex life.CONCLUSIONS: Explaining the experiences of working women showed that sexual problems dueto employment and job harassment are among the factors that cause sexual health challenges inworking women. It also seems that meeting the essential needs for sexual relationship and the bettermanagement of job and married sex life can interact with the sex lives of working women.

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Relationship between health literacy in substance use and alcohol consumption and tobacco use among adolescents, Northeast Thailand

. Suneerat Yangyuen; . Chatchada Mahaweerawat; . Sawan Thitisutthi; . Udomsak Mahaweerawat

Volume 11, Issue 3 , March 2021, Pages 1-6

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Health literacy (HL) is an important role‑play in health risk behaviors such asalcohol drinking and smoking. Inadequate HL in substance use (HLSU) is a barrier to reduce ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Health literacy (HL) is an important role‑play in health risk behaviors such asalcohol drinking and smoking. Inadequate HL in substance use (HLSU) is a barrier to reduce therisk of alcohol and tobacco use. This study aims to investigate the association of HLSU with alcoholconsumption and tobacco use among Thai adolescents. Hence, the strengthening of HL programintervention may applied to reduce substance abuse among Thai adolescents.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a cross‑sectional study conducted on 1087 universitystudents studying in three universities located in northeastern area with multistage sampling methodsby geographical areas. The data were collected by self‑administered questionnaire. Multiple logisticregression was applied to determine the effect of HLSU of alcohol consumption and tobacco use.RESULTS: Most adolescents were drinkers (60.7%) and about 20.7% were smokers. Approximately40% of them reported as inadequate HLSU. Adolescents with inadequate HLSU and a high level ofpositive alcohol expectancies and smoking outcome expectancies (SOE) were more likely to drinkalcohol and smoke. Conversely, those who had a high level of negative alcohol drinking and SOEwere less likely to consume alcohol and tobacco.CONCLUSION: Adolescents’ alcohol consumption and tobacco use were influenced by HL, henceimproving adolescents’ HLSU could help prevent or reduce the risk of drinking and smoking behaviors.

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Determinants of mammography screening in Tehranian women in 2018 based on the health belief model: A cross‑sectional study

. Masoumeh Rezaeimanesh; . Mahnaz Solhi; . Farbod Ebadi Fard Azar; . Homeira Sajjadi; . Hassan Rafiey; . Farhad Nosrati Nejad; . Mohammad Ali Mohammadi Gharehghani3; . Marzieh Najafi; . Sayedeh Mahboobeh Hosseini; . Salah Eddin Karimi

Volume 11, Issue 3 , March 2021, Pages 1-9

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer among women. Mammographyis the most sensitive and important method for screening and early diagnosis of breast cancer.Considering ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer among women. Mammographyis the most sensitive and important method for screening and early diagnosis of breast cancer.Considering the importance of using mammography in breast cancer screening, this study wasperformed to evaluate mammographic determinants.MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the cross‑sectional study, we surveyed 985 women over 40 years inTehran concerning demographic characteristics: age, socioeconomic status, a problem in the breast,alcohol use, drug use, and health belief model. Logistic regression was used to identify determinantfactors associated with mammography performance.RESULTS: The results of this study showed that 42.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 38, 45)participant performed mammography at least once during their lifetime. Age (odds ratio [OR] = 4.252;95% CI = 2.041–8.857); housing situation (OR = 1.706; 95% CI = 1.178–2.469); having breastproblems (OR = 5.224; 95% CI = 3.501–7.795); socioeconomic status (OR = 1.855; 95%CI = 1.035–3.325); family income level (OR = 1.998; 95% CI = 1.028–3.884); alcoholconsumption (OR = 2.676; 95% CI = 1.344–5.328); smoking (OR = 2.824; 95% CI = 1.418–5.623);self‑efficacy (OR = 1.935; 95% CI = 1.242–3.015); perceived barriers (OR = 2.017; 95%CI = 1.348–3.019); self‑care (OR = 4.901; 95% CI = 3.152–7.620); perceived susceptibility (OR = 1.971;95% CI = 1.271–3.057) and perceived severity (OR = 1.830; 95% CI = 1.170–2.860) weremammography behaviors determinants.CONCLUSION: The findings indicated that the rate of mammography screening among Tehranianwomen is low and highlights the need for developing a comprehensive national breast cancer controlprogram, which should be considered as the priority for health‑care providers. Furthermore, theidentification of these factors can help to design an appropriate educational intervention that focuseson the benefits of mammography screening.

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Effectiveness and adverse drug reactions of levetiracetam and midazolam in refractory neonatal seizure: A cross‑sectional comparative study

. Diptiman Jayswal; . Uttam Kumar Roy; . Taraknath Ghosh; . Purnendu Mandal

Volume 11, Issue 3 , March 2021, Pages 1-6

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Neonatal seizure (NS) reflects serious underlying brain injury, requiring immediateevaluation and early treatment. In neonates, phenobarbitone and phenytoin are used primarily ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Neonatal seizure (NS) reflects serious underlying brain injury, requiring immediateevaluation and early treatment. In neonates, phenobarbitone and phenytoin are used primarily tocontrol the seizures. If uncontrolled, widespread off‑label use of midazolam and levetiracetam waspracticed. These drugs gained popularity though there are no such studies available on literaturesearch comparing them. The present study was designed to explore these lacunae using these twodrugs in refractory cases. To study the efficacy and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) of midazolamand levetiracetam not responding to usual line of therapy.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a prospective cross-sectional study conducted on 69neonates in the NICU and Department of Pharmacology in Burdwan Medical College and Hospital,West Bengal. Patients receiving midazolam or levetiracetam when uncontrolled with first lineantiepileptics, namely, phenobarbitone and phenytoin, were considered eligible. The study variableswere time to control seizure, seizure recurrence and frequency, and treatment-related adverse events.analysis used Mann–Whitney U-test were applied Comparison with respect to time to control andChi-square test were applied to detect difference in proportion for ADRs. The SPSS Statistics 17.0was used for analysis.RESULTS: We compared the time periods to control neonatal seizure for effectiveness betweenlevetiracetam and midazolam showing no significant difference (P = 0.190). Comparing the portionof recurrences in two groups gives statistically nonsignificant (P = 0.878) result. Only respiratorydepression was seen in the levetiracetam group (12.90%) and midazolam group (18.42%). Alladverse events were ‘probable’ as per the WHO‑UMC criteria, and there was no statistically significantdifference between the two drugs (P = 0.533).CONCLUSIONS: Both midazolam and levetiracetam are equally effective and safe in NS notresponding to usual line of treatment.

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Effectiveness of early clinical exposure in medical education: Settings and scientific theories – Review

. Motilal Chandu Tayade; . Ramchandra Girimalappa Latti

Volume 11, Issue 3 , March 2021, Pages 1-6

Abstract

  Early clinical exposure (ECE) is a teaching‑learning methodology which fosters the exposure ofmedical students to the patients as early as the first year of medical college. A worldwide ...  Read More Early clinical exposure (ECE) is a teaching‑learning methodology which fosters the exposure ofmedical students to the patients as early as the first year of medical college. A worldwide number ofresearch studies investigated the outcome of ECE and found, ECE sessions motivate the medicalstudent in various ways making their academic strength, improve clinical skills, and improvecommunication skills and making them more confident. In the medical curriculum, ECE makes anoverall impact on student’s performance and confidence. Planning of ECE in real‑time practicescan be done in different settings with the use of appropriate resources such as logbook, textbooks,notes, instruments, learning material, case record sheets, and computers. Herewith, we reviewedthe scientific base responsible for these outcomes and discussed different ECE settings and theiroutcome. The Medical Council of India in new educational reforms made ECE sessions compulsoryfrom 2019 in undergraduate medical curriculum. In conclusion, the challenge for health professionseducation is to look for ways to improve the quality of clinical education by comparing students’understanding and modifying practices of clinical education in new circumstances. Early clinicalexperience will definitely play a crucial role in this context, only if proper strategies are implemented.This systemic review article highlights ECE settings and scientific basis in a theoretical way helpfulfor medical faculties during its implementation in regular teaching.

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Feasibility and usefulness of online virtual training of urology residents in times of COVID‑19: A single‑center experience and an evidence‑based strength, weakness, opportunity, and threat analysis

. Tushar Aditya Narain; . Ankur Mittal; . Vanya Singh; . Vikas Kumar Panwar

Volume 11, Issue 3 , March 2021, Pages 1-6

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: The COVID‑19 disease has resulted in an almost complete shutdown of all servicesworldwide. Hospitals continued to provide emergency services and treatment for COVID‑19 ...  Read More BACKGROUND: The COVID‑19 disease has resulted in an almost complete shutdown of all servicesworldwide. Hospitals continued to provide emergency services and treatment for COVID‑19 disease.Teaching hospitals like ours had another responsibility at hand; training of our surgical residents.Not allowing this pandemic to take away months of training, we resorted to online virtual trainingprograms, for continuing academic activities. After having conducted thirty such sessions, we tookfeedback from the participating students and faculty members to evaluate the usefulness of this newinitiative and identify the lacunae that needed to be addressed.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The initial twenty classes were held on the GoTo Meeting ® onlineplatform, whereas the last ten were conducted using the Google Meet application. A 20‑itemquestionnaire covering four broad domains of general perception, feasibility, knowledge gained, anddrawbacks was circulated, and 19 responses were registered anonymously. Strength, weakness,opportunity, and threat analysis was done based on the responses received.RESULTS: About 89.5% of the participants believed that online classes were the ideal platform forcontinuing education and 84.2% of the participants were overall satisfied with the whole exercise. TheAchilles’ heel was the availability of a good Internet connection, and the major lacunae were the poorquality of video and audio transmission. Seventy‑four percent of the participants wanted to continueonline training in the future too, whereas 26% wanted to revert to the traditional face‑to‑face teaching.CONCLUSION: Online virtual training classes are an effective and feasible alternative to traditionalteaching in times such as these, which demanded strict social distancing. It naturally lacked thewarmth and personal touch of the traditional teaching classes, but it allowed us to continue teachingour residents and also prepare them to face the biggest menace of all times.

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Exploring the knowledge, attitude, and practice of health‑care professionals on coronavirus (COVID‑19) pandemic infection

. Meenu Rani; . Ishan Sharma; . Shivangi Sharma; . Lokendra Sharma; . Susheel Kumar

Volume 11, Issue 3 , March 2021, Pages 1-7

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: To prevent the rapid spread of infectious COVID‑19 in India, many steps have beentaken. Adherence to the control measures depends on the knowledge, attitude, and practices ...  Read More BACKGROUND: To prevent the rapid spread of infectious COVID‑19 in India, many steps have beentaken. Adherence to the control measures depends on the knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAPs)toward COVID‑19 disease in health‑care professionals. The present study was conducted amonghealth‑care professionals in Jaipur. The objective was to evaluate the KAPs about COVID‑19 amonghealth‑care professionals.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 385 participants took part in the study. A self‑designedquestionnaire was filled by the participants online (Google Form). The knowledge of the participantswas assessed using 12 questions. Attitude and practices of the participants were assessed by twoquestions for each.RESULTS: Among the study completers, 52.20% were male, 71.42% of the participants were agedabove 30 years, and 59.22% were nurse. The knowledge score was approximately 90%. The majorityof the participants had a strong conviction that India can overcome this infectious disease in the nearfuture. Multiple regression analysis found that good knowledge score of COVID‑19 was associatedwith lower negative attitudes and less risky practices (P ˂ 0.001).CONCLUSION: Participants of the study were knowledgeable, held positive attitudes, and hadadequate practices for COVID‑19.

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Contributions of the health‑promoting universities’ movement: An integrative literature review

. Magda Guimarães de Araujo Faria,; . Renan Carvalho Fernandes; . Cristiane Helena Gallasch; . Luciana Valadão Vasconcelos Alves

Volume 11, Issue 3 , March 2021, Pages 1-6

Abstract

  The objective was to identify the existing links between the conceptual proposal of the movement ofhealth-promoting universities (HPU) and the activities carried out to increase the ...  Read More The objective was to identify the existing links between the conceptual proposal of the movement ofhealth-promoting universities (HPU) and the activities carried out to increase the health of workersin higher education institutions. An integrative literature review was conducted in October 2020 inthe following databases: LILACS, Scientific Electronic Library Online, Web of Science, and CINAHLand with the Boolean phrase citing, University AND “health promotion.” In the initial review, 5351studies were found, and after removing the repetitions, applying the inclusion criteria, and making thequalitative analysis, a sample of 9 articles was obtained. For the construction of the flowchart with therepresentation of the eligibility and inclusion of the articles, the PRISMA model was use .The findingswere analyzed with the theoretical and conceptual support of the movement of HPU, which made itpossible to establish the construction of three categories, to quote: full provision of social, medical,and health services; creating a favorable health environment on campus; and development of healtheducation actions. The movement of HPU is relevant to the contemporary world; however, initiativesto incorporate these practices are still scarce, creating a gap between expectations and reality.

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Participation of delivering private hospital services in universal health coverage: A systematic scoping review of the developing countries’ evidence

. Razieh Fallah; . Azam Bazrafshan

Volume 11, Issue 3 , March 2021, Pages 1-13

Abstract

  There is a lack of conceptual clarity about the role of delivering private hospital services(DPHS) accompanied by major gaps in evidence. The purpose of this systematic scopingreview ...  Read More There is a lack of conceptual clarity about the role of delivering private hospital services(DPHS) accompanied by major gaps in evidence. The purpose of this systematic scopingreview was to identify and map the available evidence regarding the developing countriesto scrutinize the participation of DPHS exclusively in the universal health coverage (UHC)through providing graphical/tabular classifications of the bibliometric information, sourcesof the records, frequent location, contribution of the private hospital services in the healthsystem, and roles of DPHS in UHC. This study was performed following the publishedmethodological guidance of the Joanna Briggs Institute for the conduct of scoping review,applying some major databases and search engines. In addition, a narrative-thematicsynthesis integrated with the systematic analysis using the policy framework of the WorldHealth Organization was employed. The 28 included records in English which met theinclusion criteria were found between 2014 and January 2020. The chronological trend ofrecords was progressive until 2019. India was the most frequent location (12%). China andSri Lanka on the one end of the spectrum and Somalia along with South Korea from theother end were, respectively, the least and the most contributed countries in terms of DPHS.Overall, 90% of the roles were concerned with UHC goals. Although evidence has revealedinconsistency in the identified roles, a continuous chain of positive or negative effects in theUHC objectives and goals was observed. Some knowledge gaps about the roles, causes ofthe increasing and decreasing DPHS contribution, and its behaviors around the privatizationtypes and circumstances of the delivery were recommended as prioritized research agendasfor evidence-based policymaking in future.

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Evaluation of the quality of working life and its effective factors in employed nurses of Tehran University of Medical Sciences Hospitals

. Farahnaz Khajehnasiri; . Abbas Rahimi Foroushani; . Bita Forati Kashani; . Negin Kassiri

Volume 11, Issue 3 , March 2021, Pages 1-7

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Quality of working life (QWL) refers to aspects of life quality, which are related towork settings. This study was designed to evaluate the QWL and its effective factors ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Quality of working life (QWL) refers to aspects of life quality, which are related towork settings. This study was designed to evaluate the QWL and its effective factors among nursesof Tehran University of Medical Sciences Hospitals.MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cross‑sectional descriptive–analytical study, the demographicquestionnaire and work‑related quality of life questionnaire were used to collect data among 435nurses working in hospitals, affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences. This article has beenadapted from the approved project of Medical Ethics Committee of Tehran University of MedicalSciences (with the identification code 8911215132).RESULTS: The average QWL of nurses in the study was 50.56. There was a significant statisticalrelationship between gender, frequency of overtime, and working ward with QWL (P < 0.05). In amultivariate analysis, working ward had the only meaningful relationship.CONCLUSION: Due to low QWL of nurses in the emergency department, the need of interventionsto improve conditions and ultimately to increase QWL of nurses working in the emergency room isbeing reminded.

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The components of diabetes educator’s competence in diabetes self‑management education in Iran: A qualitative study

. Fahimeh Kashani; . Parvaneh Abazari; . Fariba Haghani

Volume 11, Issue 3 , March 2021, Pages 1-8

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Limited research has been conducted in the field of diabetes educator’s competency.However, no comprehensive and integrated explanations of educator’s competence ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Limited research has been conducted in the field of diabetes educator’s competency.However, no comprehensive and integrated explanations of educator’s competence requirementsin treatment centers exist in Iran. The aim of this study is to explain the components of diabeteseducator’s competence in diabetes self‑management education in Iran.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a qualitative descriptive‑exploratory study. The data werecollected through semi‑structured and in‑depth interviews and using purposeful sampling methodin Isfahan University of medical science from April to October 2018. Sampling continued until datasaturation. Participants included 20 people who were selected by purposive and snowball samplingmethod. The interviews were analyzed using content analysis method of Graneheim, Lundman.RESULTS: Data analysis resulted in the emergence of three main categories including (1) Patient andfamily centered education, (2) process‑based education, and (3) continuous progress in professionand also seven subcategories (patient and family activation, empower), facilitating educationalprocess, comprehensive education assessment, development, implementation and evaluation ofeducational plans, developing educators’ educational knowledge and skills, development of creativityand innovation, promote inter‑professional cooperation in education.CONCLUSION: The evaluation of facilitation factors for participation and empowerment patient andfamily along with creativity and interprofessional collaboration for comprehensive evaluation of patientsin designing, implementation of educational programs were mentioned as important competenciesof diabetes educators, which can have a significant impact on patients’ recovery, treatment, and thepromotion of society’s health.

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Awareness and experience of health‑care workers during coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic

. Satya Prakash Meena; . Manisha Jhirwa; . Ashok Kumar Puranik; . Naveen Sharma; . Mahaveer Singh Rodha; . Mahendra Lodha; . Mayank Badkur

Volume 11, Issue 3 , March 2021, Pages 1-9

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: During the 2nd week of July 2020, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19)infection spreading in the community. Now more than 15 lakhs peoples have been infected in India,out ...  Read More BACKGROUND: During the 2nd week of July 2020, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19)infection spreading in the community. Now more than 15 lakhs peoples have been infected in India,out of the 26816 patients were deceased. COVID 19 outbreaks become an additional hazard to thehealth‑care workers (HCWs), leading to fatigue, anxiety, depression and fear of death. The objectiveof this questionnaire‑based study is to know about the knowledge of HCWs about COVID 19, theirexperiences while dealing with the disease, and the protective measures taken to prevent the infection.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross‑sectional, questionnaire‑based study was conducted for1 month starting from the 2nd week of June 2020 after getting institutional ethical clearance. Thisstudy included 240 HCWs posted in the medical and surgical Departments of All India Institute ofMedical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan. This questionnaire was prepared in online Google forms andrequired 2 min to complete. Mean, median, range, and standard deviation were used to describe thecontinuous variables, and percentages were used to describe the categorical data.RESULTS: Among 240 HCWs, 79.16% (n = 190) participants have good knowledge and adaptedgood precautions (score 15–23) for COVID 19 infection. Rest 20% (n = 48) and 0.8% (n = 2)participants has average (score 8–14) or poor knowledge (score <8) with adaptation of average orpoor precautionary measures against COVID 19, respectively.CONCLUSION: This study concluded that we have the requirement of more educational trainingprograms for awareness of HCWs and precautionary measures against COVID 19. Thereby, HCWscan improve their knowledge and participate in this fight against COVID 19 with more efficiency andconfidence.

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Exploring the learners’ perspectives on competency‑based medical education

. Rashmi Ramanathan; . Jeevithan Shanmugam; . Sridhar Magadi Gopalakrishna; . Kalaniti Palanisami; . Seetharaman Narayanan

Volume 11, Issue 3 , March 2021, Pages 1-6

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: A novel innovation in medical education was initiated by the Medical Council ofIndia after 21 years. Competency‑based medical education (CBME) is an effective outcome‑basedstrategy, ...  Read More BACKGROUND: A novel innovation in medical education was initiated by the Medical Council ofIndia after 21 years. Competency‑based medical education (CBME) is an effective outcome‑basedstrategy, which requires integration of knowledge, attitude, skills, values, and responsiveness. Theaim was to assess the students’ perspectives on competency‑based medical curriculum.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross‑sectional descriptive study was conducted among 1st yearMBBS students (2019–2020 batch). A validated questionnaire was administered through Google linkamong phase I medical students of various medical colleges across India by multistage sampling.RESULTS: A total of 987 students from 74 medical colleges in India responded. Nearly three‑fourthsopined that foundation course (FC), attitude ethics communication module, and early clinical exposurewere necessary. Horizontal integration was more appreciated to vertical integration. Maintaining logbooks was perceived as time‑consuming and cumbersome.CONCLUSION: The CBME when meticulously adopted will inspire student enthusiasm for learning.Few reforms such as curtailing the duration of FC, diffuse sessions on stress and time management,better synchronized vertical integration, and an exemplary implementation of adult learning techniquescan be undertaken.

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The effectiveness of two evaluation techniques in the clinical education field: A step for promotion of bachelor nursing student’s satisfaction

. Shahla Mohamadirizi; . Ahmadreza Yazdannik; . Marjan Mohamadi; . Athar Omid

Volume 11, Issue 3 , March 2021, Pages 1-4

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Paying attention to students’ opinions and suggestions on existing evaluationmethods and new methods of evaluation is an essential and important part of clinical education, ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Paying attention to students’ opinions and suggestions on existing evaluationmethods and new methods of evaluation is an essential and important part of clinical education, sothis study aimed at determining the effectiveness of two evaluation techniques satisfaction amongundergraduate nursing students.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a quasi‑experimental study conducted on 60 undergraduatenursing students of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences in 2019. There were 30 samples in eachgroup (logbook and e‑logbook) that were selected by convenience sampling method. the Androidapplication (e‑logbook) was used in the intervention group to evaluate the clinical skills of students.The User Satisfaction Questionnaire was conducted by undergraduate nursing students. Data wereanalyzed using SPSS software version 14 and descriptive statistical tests.RESULTS: The results showed that the mean (standard deviation) overall score of satisfactionfrom both evaluation methods including logbook and e‑logbook was 39.7 (9.4) and 47.7 (12.2),respectively. Also satisfaction score of the evaluation method was significantly different betweenthe two groups (P = 0.03).CONCLUSION: According to the results of the present study, the use of new and active methods ofevaluation, including the application of e‑logbook, can be useful in evaluating nursing students andcause student satisfaction, so using the application is useful.

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Error analysis of nonnative authors’ publications in health‑care journals: A descriptive study

. Mostafa Amiri; . Ali Alami; . Mohammad Matlabi; . Nematullah Shomoossi

Volume 11, Issue 3 , March 2021, Pages 1-8

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: As nonnative speakers of English, Iranian health researchers/authors often needto publish in English; however, published manuscripts may reflect a need for language editing. ...  Read More BACKGROUND: As nonnative speakers of English, Iranian health researchers/authors often needto publish in English; however, published manuscripts may reflect a need for language editing. Thestudy is aimed to investigate the language accuracy of Persian authors’ articles published in Iranianhealth journals, and to explore whether these journals take steps towards an acceptable level ofStandard written English.MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this descriptive study, fifty original articles were selected fromfive health journals (from April 2017 to April 2018) with nonnative editors/proofreaders based onconvenience sampling in 2019. The articles were carefully read several times; errors were identifiedaccording to Gass and Selinker’s model and classified into four categories and further expandedinto 22 subcategories.RESULTS: The results showed 4322 errors in the 50 articles, where the “grammatical errors” obtainedthe highest frequency, with punctuation errors (n = 989) ranking first, and errors in using auxiliaryverbs (n = 19) the last in frequency. The descending order of the errors emerged as follows: thegrammatical, mechanical, lexical, and discoursal errors.CONCLUSION: All categories of errors contributed to textual unintelligibility, attributable to either theauthors’ inadequate English proficiency or their native language interference. Most errors could havebeen corrected by the journal editors. Professional development courses and hands‑on workshopsare advised for both nonnative authors and journal editors/proofreaders in Iran to help authors keepto the conventions of scientific writing.

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Barriers in the performance‑based payment in Iran health system: Challenges and solutions

. Marziye Hadian; . Aziz Rezapour; . Elaheh Mazaheri; . Ali Sarabi Asiabar

Volume 11, Issue 3 , March 2021, Pages 1-6

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: One of the main goals of hospital management is to attract, maintain, and increasethe number of qualified and efficient human resources, and one of the key and most important ...  Read More BACKGROUND: One of the main goals of hospital management is to attract, maintain, and increasethe number of qualified and efficient human resources, and one of the key and most important factorsin achieving this goal is to design and implement a fair and efficient payment system. The purposeof this project is to determine the challenges of the performance‑based payment system and providesolutions to overcome its obstacles in the city of Tehran.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This qualitative research sought to perform content analysis so asto explore the experiences and perceptions of a purposeful group of specialists and managers ofTehran’s educational and medical centers (n = 10). Data were collected using in‑depth semi‑structuredinterviews and were ongoing until the point of saturation.RESULTS: On analysis of data by Specialists and managers of Tehran’s educational and medicalcenters, three main themes including behavior, organization, rules and regulation were definedalongside seven subthemes includes scheduling, platform, education, quantity‑oriented, motivation,implementation, and payment system.CONCLUSION: In general, it can be concluded that for the successful implementation of any project,the necessary infrastructure must be provided for implementation. In this plan, despite the challengesin the field of behavior, organization, and rules and regulations, the need for necessary trainingbefore implementing the plan, special attention to quality instead of quantity, motivating employeesto cooperate in implementing the plan as successfully as possible, creating a platform Appropriatebefore the implementation of the plan and most importantly, the pilot implementation of the planbefore its widespread implementation seems necessary.

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Relationship between the sense of coherence, self‑directed learning readiness, and academic performance in Malaysian undergraduate dental students

. Fawaz Shamim Siddiqui; . Jayashri Tamanna Nerali; . Lahari Ajay Telang

Volume 11, Issue 3 , March 2021, Pages 1-7

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Stress and low psychological well‑being among students in higher education impacttheir academic performance. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Stress and low psychological well‑being among students in higher education impacttheir academic performance. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship betweenSOC, SDLR, and academic performance in year 3, 4, and 5 undergraduate dental students.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two hundred and ten students completed a validated questionnaire onSOC and SDLR. The percentage of marks obtained by these students in their year‑end examinationwas used as their academic performance. The SOC scores were further divided into three hierarchicalclusters using cluster analysis. The data were analyzed to determine the difference in the SDLRscores and academic performance among the three clusters. Furthermore, the relationship betweenSOC scores, SDLR scores, and academic performance was assessed.RESULTS: The SDLR scores significantly increased from the low SOC cluster to the high SOCcluster (P = 0.026). However, there was no significant change in academic performance. A positiverelationship was found between the SOC and the academic performance(R = +0.025; P > 0.05). The SDLRhad a significant positive relationship with both SOC and academic performance (R = +0.27; P < 0.001).CONCLUSION: Although SOC may not have a direct influence on academic performance, SDLRcan play an intermediary role. Early identification and timely intervention in students with a weakSOC and low SDLR can have a beneficial influence on their academic life.

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Evaluation of social accountability in hospital managers

. Hasan Abolghasem Gorji; . Noureddin Niknam; . Zeinab Ghaedchukamei; . Abdulsamad Gharavinia; . Mehdi Safari; . Maasumeh Elahi; . Razie Rahmati; . Nezamaddin Mengelizadeh; . Nahid Aghaei; . Hamid Alaee Ghojogh; . Khosro Shakeri

Volume 11, Issue 3 , March 2021, Pages 1-7

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Today, hospitals need managers who, in addition to having the necessary skills formanagement and leadership, are accountable to stakeholders, especially the community. Accordingly,the ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Today, hospitals need managers who, in addition to having the necessary skills formanagement and leadership, are accountable to stakeholders, especially the community. Accordingly,the purpose of this study was to evaluate the social accountability of managers of public and privatehospitals in Tehran.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study is descriptive‑analytical and cross‑sectional andwas performed on 155 managers of selected public and private hospitals in Tehran. The researchtools included a demographic characteristic questionnaire and a researcher‑made social accountabilityquestionnaire for managers. Data analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential statisticsin SPSS 22 software.RESULTS: The situation of social accountability in the managers of public hospitals was at aweak level and in the managers of private hospitals in Tehran was at a good level. In comparingthe status of social accountability and its dimensions in the managers of public hospitals with themanagers of private hospitals, the status of social accountability in the dimensions of human resourcemanagement, quality improvement, executive management, and overall social accountability weresignificantly different from each other (P ≤ 0.05). However, in terms of governance, the statusof social accountability of public hospital managers was not significantly different from privatehospitals (P ≥ 0.05). Overall, the results of social accountability in private hospitals were betterthan in public hospitals.CONCLUSION: The social response status of managers in private hospitals was better than publicones. Lack of attention of managers to social accountability affects the quality of other educational,health, and medical services. This fact raises the need for managers to pay more attention to theissue of social accountability.

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Personalization of health information prescription in diabetes clinical setting: A qualitative study

. Abdolahad Nabiolahi; . Shahram Sedghi; . Rokhsareh Aghili; . Leila Nemati-Anaraki

Volume 11, Issue 3 , March 2021, Pages 1-11

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: The prevalence of diabetes makes considerable costs for health‑care organizations.The increase of patient’s self‑care abilities by use of personalizing health ...  Read More BACKGROUND: The prevalence of diabetes makes considerable costs for health‑care organizations.The increase of patient’s self‑care abilities by use of personalizing health information prescriptioncan reduce these costs. This study was conducted to explore the benefits and challenges related topersonalizing health information prescription in diabetes clinical settings.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The samples included diabetes education officials working inspecialized diabetes clinics and Diabetes Research Centre managers of Iran and Tehran Universitiesof Medical Sciences. They were 21 cases and selected through purposeful sampling method.Semi‑structured interview and focus discussion groups were used to collect the viewpoints ofspecialists. Interview guide, based on literature review and the documents of diabetes, was usedin interviews and focus groups. Their validity was affirmed by specialists. The interview texts werecoded in MAXQDA10 software and analyzed through content analysis method.RESULTS: The most important benefits of personalizing health information prescription wereclassified into five themes as follows: medical services improvement, facilitation of consumers toinformation resources, improvement in patients’ knowledge and awareness, increase in self‑careability and disease management, reinforcing the relation between physician and patient and keepingphysician in the information prescription cycle. The challenges of personalizing of health informationprescription were revealed as follows: Recognition of patients’ personal characteristics at the turnof entering the system, systems’ functional modifiers especially bilateral interaction and relation topatient’s health file, content recognition, and creating suitable protocol.CONCLUSION: This study showed that diabetes clinical settings face different organizational andprocess challenges for establishing the personalization of health information prescription. The mostimportant challenges which should be considered in designing information prescription in diabetesclinical environments are as follows: reinforcing physicians’ recognition of information prescriptionbenefits, lack of integrative electronic health information system, and patient primary assessmentin the first stage of entering the patient into the system in respect of clinical and personal aspectsin information needs of consumer.

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Breast cancer screening behavior and its associated factors in female employees in South Khorasan

. Zoya Tahergorabi; . Mahyar Mohammadifard; . Fatemeh Salmani; . Mitra Moodi

Volume 11, Issue 3 , March 2021, Pages 1-6

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is a preventable disease, using three secondary preventive methodsof mammography, clinical breast examination (CBE), and breast self‑examination (BSE) that ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is a preventable disease, using three secondary preventive methodsof mammography, clinical breast examination (CBE), and breast self‑examination (BSE) that canlead to early detection of breast cancer. This study was designed to assess breast cancer screeningbehavior and its associated factors in females employed in South Khorasan.MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this analytic‑descriptive study, 2256 female personnel ofgovernmental organizations were investigated in Birjand city in 2016–2017. The data collection toolwas a three‑part questionnaire: sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge about breast cancerscreening methods plus women’s performance, and stage of change regarding screening behaviorsof mammography, CBE, and BSE. The data were analyzed by SPSS 16 and one‑way analysisvariance, Tukey’s post hoc, and multiple logistic regression model statistical tests.RESULTS: The mean ± standard deviation score of knowledge of the women was 3.45 ± 1.5. Therewas a significant difference of the mean score of knowledge between the single and married (P = 0.03)and age group (P = 0.04). The stage action of mammography, CBE, and BSE was 6.8%, 12.3%,and 16.8%, respectively. Logistic regression model showed that variables such as age and familyhistory of breast cancer were highly significant related to mammography and also CBE. Knowledgewas also highly significant in mammography, CBE, and BSE. Education level in CBE, marital statusin BSE and mammography, and job in BSE were also significant (P < 0.001).CONCLUSIONS: This study reveals insufficient knowledge of female workers about breast cancerand the negative influence of low knowledge on the practice of breast cancer screening behavior.Therefore, the establishment and maintenance of regular educational courses for female employeesis essential.

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Improving psychological security and empowerment: New model for nurses toward the care of potential organ donors

. Hamideh Yazdimoghaddam; . Zahra Sadat Manzari; . Abbas Heydari; . Eesa Mohammadi

Volume 11, Issue 3 , March 2021, Pages 1-9

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Caring for brain dead patients is the heaviest of duties for nurses, and despitetremendous stress, there are no theories/models to support nurses in this situation. This ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Caring for brain dead patients is the heaviest of duties for nurses, and despitetremendous stress, there are no theories/models to support nurses in this situation. This studydesigned a supportive model for nurses to provide care for potential organ donors.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This qualitative study was conducted in two stages. In the firststage, semi‑structured interviews with 31 nurses and other stakeholders, observation and fieldnotes continued until data saturation, (on 2018), were analyzed using continuous and comparativeanalysis through Corbin–Strauss method. In the second stage, theory synthesis of Walker and Avant’sstrategies for theory construction (2011) was used to design a supportive model/theory. The theorysynthesis includes three stages: (i) selection of focal concept (the concept of “moral obligation toprovide holistic care until the last minute” was selected); (ii) review of studies to identify the factorsrelated to focal concept relevant studies (42 articles were reviewed, statements and conceptsrelated to focal concept were then extracted and classified, and their relations were specified);and (iii) organization of concepts and statements within a relevant general and effective manifestationof the phenomenon under study which led to developing of a model.RESULTS: In this supportive model/theory, “improving psychological security and empowerment”was conceptualized within the conceptual framework. This supportive model entails three maincomponents, including (i) informational and educational support, (ii) systematically support,and (iii) management support.CONCLUSIONS: According to the results, nurses with moral obligation to provide holistic carewere faced with several challenges. Therefore, it is recommended that the healthcare system takesupportive proceedings for nurses in various fields of the care for brain dead patients to resolveeducational, moral, and legal challenges. This supportive model is essential for maintaining thenurses’ health, increasing the quality of nursing care and the health of potential transplant organs.

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Rapid transition to online teaching program during COVID‑19 lockdown: Experience from a medical college of India

. Amir Maroof Khan; . Somdatta Patra; . Piyush Gupta; . Arun Kumar Sharma; . Anil K. Jain

Volume 11, Issue 3 , March 2021, Pages 1-7

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: COVID‑19 pandemic has forced medical colleges around the world to shift toonline teaching. There is hardly any evidence regarding such rapid transitions to online teaching,especially ...  Read More BACKGROUND: COVID‑19 pandemic has forced medical colleges around the world to shift toonline teaching. There is hardly any evidence regarding such rapid transitions to online teaching,especially from resource‑poor settings. We share our experience of developing an online teachingprogram based on teachers’ and students’ feedback.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A mixed methods study was conducted during the COVID‑19lockdown period in a public‑funded medical institute of India. Online feedback was obtained 3 weeksafter the beginning of emergency remote teaching. The responses by the students and teachersshaped the final online teaching program which reinforced the perceived strengths and addressedthe weaknesses. Observations were made for the proportion of scheduled lectures delivered throughdigital platform and students’ attendance in the 1st week and last week of the study period.RESULTS: Feedback was obtained from 367 students and 56 teachers. Around three‑fourths of thestudents (76.7%) and teachers (73.2%) were satisfied with online teaching. The themes generated forbenefits of online teaching were similar for both students and teachers, but the perceived challengesdiffered. Students found online teaching more stressful, and teachers were apprehensive of the newtechnology and lack of a controlled environment.CONCLUSIONS: A rapid transition to development and implementation of an online teaching programwas found to be feasible and acceptable to the primary stakeholders. Not only the content but studentengagement and supportive environment for both students and teachers are essential requirementsin the context of an online undergraduate teaching program.

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Implementation and evaluation of extracurricular theme for undergraduate basic sciences medical courses at Shiraz Medical School

. Fatemeh Izadabadi; . Mitra Amini; . Mahsa Kiani

Volume 11, Issue 3 , March 2021, Pages 1-7

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: In recent years, to achieve the fundamental goal of educating meta‑competentfuture medical doctors, varieties of educational methods have been proposed in all medical ...  Read More BACKGROUND: In recent years, to achieve the fundamental goal of educating meta‑competentfuture medical doctors, varieties of educational methods have been proposed in all medical schools.In Shiraz Medical School, we implemented an extracurricular theme focusing mostly on medicaleducation’s psychosocial aspect. This study aims to discuss the implementation and evaluation ofthis extracurricular theme.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study is a descriptive‑analytic one; we included allundergraduate medical students in basic sciences courses who started medical education in 2014and 2015 in Shiraz Medical School. The evaluation tools were questionnaires designed in differentformats and handed out to medical students before and after the workshops. Data were analyzedby paired sample t‑test in SPSS Software Version 23.RESULTS: Students’ satisfaction was more than 60% in all items of all workshops, except in someitems of studying and learning methods and research methods workshops, which were lower than60%. Students’ knowledge about all aspects of communication skills, stress management, criticalthinking, studying and learning methods, and research methods workshops improved significantlyafter participation in these workshops.CONCLUSIONS: Medical students can become meta‑competent future medical doctors. They canreach all of the learning outcomes described in the three‑circle model of learning. This goal cannotbe achieved by implementing a medical curriculum which only contains medical literature. Someextracurricular issues based on students’ and societies’ requirements must be added to the maincurriculum. The whole curriculum must be evaluated continuously, and required changes must beapplied.

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The effect of positive psychotherapy on happiness and character strength in cancer patients

. Raheleh Papeli Meibodi; . Sayyed Davood Meftagh; . Seyedeh Shohreh Shahangian

Volume 11, Issue 3 , March 2021, Pages 1-7

Abstract

  BACKGROUND : Cancer is one of the major health problems across the world that poses a greatthreat to human health and active life in all age groups, causing numerous personal, familial, ...  Read More BACKGROUND : Cancer is one of the major health problems across the world that poses a greatthreat to human health and active life in all age groups, causing numerous personal, familial, andsocial damages in physical, mental and spiritual dimensions. The aim of the present study wasto investigate the effect of positive psychotherapy on happiness, character strengths, pleasure,commitment, and semantic measures in the lives of people with cancer.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Within the framework of a quasi‑experimental design, 58 patientssuffering from cancer meeting the inclusion criteria (disease history and married) were selected viapurposeful sampling method. However, only 30 of the patients met the required criteria to participatein all psychotherapy sessions. The participants were then randomly assigned to two interventionand control groups (15 participants per group). The intervention group received eight 120‑minsessions of positive psychotherapy on a weekly basis while the control group was put on the waitinglist. Data collection tools included the Oxford Happiness‑Depression Questionnaire and Values inAction‑Inventory of Strengths. The participants completed the questionnaires before and after theintervention. Data analysis was conducted by analysis of covariance.RESULTS: The results of covariance analysis suggested that the use of positive psychotherapy hasbeen effective on increasing happiness (F = 0.129, P = 0.005), increasing character strength (F = 27.55,P = 0.001), increasing the semantic measures (F = 15.23, P = 0.002), increasing pleasure (F = 8.51,P = 0.005), and commitment (F = 64.19, P = 0.001) among patients with cancer.CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study indicated that positive psychotherapy has beeneffective on happiness, strengths, pleasure, commitment, and semantic measures of the life amongpeople with cancer. Positive psychotherapy can be used to minimize the effects of cancer on patients.

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Breakfast consumption‑related perceived behaviour control and subjective norms among girl adolescents: Applying an indirect measurement

. Nasrin Shirvani; . Mohtasham Ghaffari; . Sakineh Rakhshanderou

Volume 11, Issue 3 , March 2021, Pages 1-8

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Healthy nutrition in childhood and adolescence is important for growth anddevelopment. Breakfast is the most important meal during a day, and many studies have linkedeating ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Healthy nutrition in childhood and adolescence is important for growth anddevelopment. Breakfast is the most important meal during a day, and many studies have linkedeating breakfast to good health. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the subjective normsand perceived behavioural control of Iranian teenage girls about breakfast consumption and itsrelated factors in 2018.MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this descriptive‑analytical study, 320 female students wereenrolled using a multistage sampling method. Data were collected using a questionnaire, the validityand reliability of which were evaluated. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS16 software andANOVA and t independent tests.RESULTS: There was a significant relationship between students’ sleep duration and the peoplewith whom they eat breakfast with the Motivation to Comply (P = 0.009), (P = 0.001) and subjectivenorms (P = 0.004), (P = 0.001) as well as between the people with whom they eat breakfast andnormative beliefs (P = 0.05). There was a significant relationship between father’s job and controlbeliefs (P = 0.03) and perceived behavioural control (P = 0.04), between household size with perceivedbehavioural control (P = 0.05), between sleep duration and perceived power (P < 0.001), andperceived behavioural control (P = 0.03), between the people with whom they eat breakfast with controlbeliefs (P < 0.001), perceived power (P < 0.001), and perceived behavioural control (P < 0.001).CONCLUSION: Considering the importance of sleep duration for adolescent girls as well as eatingbreakfast with other family members, health policymakers are recommended to pay special attentionto these two factors while designing educational interventions.

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Medical faculty perception toward digital teaching methods during COVID‑19 pandemic: Experience from India

. Karthik Vishwanathan; . Geetika Madan Patel; . Devanshu Jayeshbhai Patel

Volume 11, Issue 3 , March 2021, Pages 1-7

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Videoconferencing has been used as a modality of online medical teachingby various institutes. There is a paucity of studies reporting the perception of medical teacherstoward ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Videoconferencing has been used as a modality of online medical teachingby various institutes. There is a paucity of studies reporting the perception of medical teacherstoward teaching using teleconferencing platforms. The objective of this survey was to evaluate theperception of medical teachers toward teaching using videoconferencing platforms such as Zoommeet, Google meet, and Google classroom during the COVID‑19 pandemic. Our hypothesis wasteaching faculty would have a positive perception and experience toward web‑based teachingmodalities.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Medical teachers of a medical college were invited to participatein a prospective observational cross‑sectional online survey. The faculty demographic information,perception, experience, and satisfaction were noted. Perception data were presented as proportionand percentage.RESULTS: 104 out of 160 faculty members participated in the study (response rate = 65%).61 male (58.7%) and 43 female (41.3%) faculty members participated in the study. The mean ageof the faculty members was 39.3 years ± 13 (range: 27–69 years). Laptop (n = 73 [70.2%]) was themost commonly used electronic device by the faculty members for conducting e‑teaching sessionsfollowed by smartphone (n = 25 [24%]). Google meet was the most preferred videoconference toolfor online teaching. Ninety‑six faculties (92.2%) were satisfied with the e‑teaching method adoptedby the institute. Eighty‑three faculty (79.8%) perceived the e‑teaching method to be very useful andquite useful as a modality for teaching during the lockdown period.CONCLUSIONS: The teaching faculties had a positive perception toward digital education methodsadopted for teaching of undergraduate medical students at our institute.

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The effect of educational intervention based on theory of planned behavior and self‑regulatory strategies on the social vitality of women employee

. Maryam Bahlgerdi; . Mohammadreza Miri; . Gholamreza Sharifzadeh; . Ensiyeh Norozi; . Tayebeh Hosseini

Volume 11, Issue 3 , March 2021, Pages 1-7

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Social vitality is one of the most important social indicators to develop a senseof public satisfaction. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of educational ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Social vitality is one of the most important social indicators to develop a senseof public satisfaction. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of educational interventionbased on theory of planned behavior (TPB) and self‑regulatory strategies on the social vitality ofwomen employee.MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this randomized controlled field trial study, 66 women employeesof Birjand University of Medical Sciences (Iran) were selected including intervention (n = 31)and control (n = 35). Data were collected by standard Oxford Happiness Questionnaire and aresearcher‑made questionnaire based on TPB which its the validity and reliability were confirmed.The educational intervention consisted of 5 sessions based on the constructs of the TPB andself‑regulatory strategies which were to the interventional group. Data analysis was performed usingthe Chi‑square, Fisher’s exact test, independent t‑test, repeated measures ANOVA, and Bonferronipost hoc test at a significance level of <0.05.RESULTS: The mean age of women in the intervention and control group was 37.1 ± 9.3 and36.2 ± 7.6 years (P = 0.67). Model constructs and happiness scores were homogeneous (P > 0.05)before the intervention, in two group of study, but after attitude (P = 0.016), subjective norm (P = 0.029),perceived behavior control (P = 0.01), intention (P = 0.006), and happiness score (P < 0.001) hada significant increase in the intervention group. In the control group, only a significant differenceoccurred over time in the happiness rate (P = 0.031).CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study showed the effectiveness of educational interventionon the social vitality of women employees. Therefore, TPB is recommended to use in interventionsto promote social vitality.

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Designing, implementation, and evaluation of internship comprehensive system for assessment and monitoring

. Firouzeh Moeinzadeh; . Sayed Hamid Reza Ayati; . Bijan Iraj; . Mojgan Mortazavi; . Vajiheh Vafamehr

Volume 11, Issue 3 , March 2021, Pages 1-8

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: During the past decade, the benefits of using portfolios, especially electronicportfolios, were recognized. Due to the lack of using portfolios and especially electronic ...  Read More BACKGROUND: During the past decade, the benefits of using portfolios, especially electronicportfolios, were recognized. Due to the lack of using portfolios and especially electronic portfolioin the clinical evaluations of internship training in medical schools of Iran, this study has designed,implemented, and evaluated a comprehensive system for monitoring and evaluating the activitiesof interns.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was a software development study in the three phasesof design, implementation, and evaluation. All stages of the project were carried out in the IsfahanUniversity of Medical Sciences during 2019–2020. The software design phase was performed usingthe Rapid Application Development Methodology (RAD model). In the implementation phase, itwas used as a pilot study in the internal department of the medical school. System evaluation wasperformed using a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. Data were analyzed usingthe content analysis for qualitative data and descriptive statistical analysis using the SPSS softwarefor quantitative data.RESULTS: In the educational standards survey, in 10 items, the percentage of choosing “perfectlyfit” and “fit” was above 90% (high quality). In the technical standards questionnaire, out of 35 itemsrelated to software technical quality, eight items were of acceptable quality and 27 of them werepartially acceptable. In the Student Satisfaction Questionnaire, in 9 items, interns’ satisfaction with thesystem was high or very high, and in either case, there was little or no dissatisfaction or satisfaction.CONCLUSIONS: Positive educational effects can be used in all clinical settings if modification andimprovement of the software continues, with slight modifications.

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Confusion at the beginning of sexual intercourse, the challenge of patients after coronary artery bypass graft surgery in Iran: A qualitative study

. Mohammad Pourebrahimi; . Masoud Fallahi‑Khoshknab; . Hamidreza Taghipour; . Abbas Ebadi; . Leila Gholizadeh; . Mohammadali Hosseini

Volume 11, Issue 3 , March 2021, Pages 1-8

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Many patients suffer from sexual dysfunction after coronary artery bypass graftsurgery, but they refuse to propose and follow up on the problem due to the cultural structuresprevailing ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Many patients suffer from sexual dysfunction after coronary artery bypass graftsurgery, but they refuse to propose and follow up on the problem due to the cultural structuresprevailing in Iranian society. Untreated sexual dysfunction will disturb the quality of life of thesepatients. This study was performed to explain the experiences of male patients from sexual problemsafter coronary artery bypass graft surgery.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This qualitative study was performed with the approach of conventionalcontent analysis in Tehran in 2020. The data were collected through semi‑structured interviews with12 men after coronary artery bypass graft surgery at the hospital’s cardiac surgery clinic, as well asthe surgeon’s clinic. Participants were selected by the targeted sampling method. After obtaininginformed consent, the collected data were written word by word, and the content analysis approachwas used to name the data, create analytical codes, and determine subcategories and categories.The data were analyzed by MAXQDA 10 software.RESULTS: The findings of this study show that the dimensions of confusion in patients’ sexualintercourse after coronary artery bypass graft surgery in four subcategories of challenges of the firstintercourse after surgery, ambiguity in how to obtain information, the ambiguity of sexual issues aftersurgery, and spouse are concerned about having sexual intercourse.CONCLUSION: The results of this study show that male patients who have undergone coronaryartery bypass graft surgery have many ambiguities in the process of sexual intercourse, which passesthe beginning of sexual intercourse with fear and avoidance of intercourse. Postoperative patientsdo not propose these problems with the medical staff when they suffer from sexual dysfunction orambiguity due to the taboo of talking about sexual intercourse. Eventually, the patient and his or herpartner become confused about sexual intercourse after surgery. Therefore, it is recommended thatpolicymakers in the field of health create the culture and planning for solving the ambiguities createdin the path of sexual intercourse of these patients.

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Effectiveness of the game‑based learning over traditional teaching–learning strategy to instruct pharmacology for Phase II medical students

. Anupama M. Gudadappanavar; . Jyoti M. Benni; . Shivalingappa B. Javali

Volume 11, Issue 3 , March 2021, Pages 1-6

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Game‑based education is fast becoming an innovative teaching approach in the fieldof medical education. Traditional review sessions (tutorials) are mainly focused on instructor‑basedlearning ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Game‑based education is fast becoming an innovative teaching approach in the fieldof medical education. Traditional review sessions (tutorials) are mainly focused on instructor‑basedlearning and they help to review concepts previously taught in the lecture class. The primary objectivewas to evaluate the cognitive learning of students in game based learning (GBL) as compared to theconventional review sessions. The secondary objectives were to assess the perception and feedbackof students regarding GBL and conventional review sessions.MATERIALS AND METHODS: An interventional GBL study was designed for 2nd year MBBSstudents. The enrolled students were randomly assigned to either tutorial (Group A) or GBL (GroupB), and informed consent was obtained. Group B students were further divided into smaller groups,and for Group A, the traditional tutorial method was followed. For both the groups, a multiple choicequestion (MCQ) pre‑test and post‑test was conducted on the selected topics. A total of 15 MCQs withgradually increasing difficulty were used in the GBL. For each group of students, one student wouldbe on hot seat by answering the questions and then continued the game. Lifelines were provided.RESULTS: From the pretest and posttest scores, students performed better in Group B (39.53%)than Group A (18.43%) with respect to the knowledge score, and the difference was statisticallysignificant. Students’ perception and feedback regarding GBL were very enthusiastic and promisingthan the tutorial group. Largely, students commented that GBL was unique, active participation, fun,and novel learning style.CONCLUSIONS: GBL is a student‑centered learning and showed more effective than the traditionaltutorials in understanding the topic and was more enjoyable by students.

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The role of virtual social networks in shaping people’s attitudes toward COVID‑19 in Iran

. Maryam Jahanbakhsh; . Hossein Bagherian; . Nahid Tavakoli; . Asghar Ehteshami; . Mohammad Sattari; . Sakineh Saghaeian Nejad Isfahani; . Majid Jangi

Volume 11, Issue 3 , March 2021, Pages 1-7

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: The widespread occurrence of COVID‑19 has caused people to seek informationfrom various sources such as virtual social networks, which can positively or negatively affect ...  Read More BACKGROUND: The widespread occurrence of COVID‑19 has caused people to seek informationfrom various sources such as virtual social networks, which can positively or negatively affect one’smental status. In this article, we present the role of virtual social networks in shaping people’s attitudestoward COVID‑19 in Iran.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is an applied descriptive study, in which 1010 users of virtualsocial networks were surveyed through an electronic questionnaire. Data were analyzed with SPSS,Excel, and Rapid Miner software. The FP‑growth technique was used to investigate the concurrenceof choices in multiple‑choice questions, and the Mann–Whitney and the Kruskal–Wallis tests wereused to determine the correlation of the mean of each dimension with demographic data. Moreover,the Wilcoxon signed‑rank, the Shapiro–Wilk, and the Kolmogorov–Smirnov tests were used.RESULTS: Virtual social networks use increased significantly (40%) after the COVID‑19 outbreak.According to users, the greatest psychological impact of virtual social networks was the inductionof anxiety (46.43%) and the most common use was to learn about COVID‑19 prevention andtreatment (69.3%). Based on the findings, there were no significant differences between the“awareness,” “behavior intention,” and “attitude and trust” and the users’ marital status, age group,educational degree, and gender.CONCLUSION: Although social networks have enriched the public knowledge, they increased theindividuals’ anxiety mostly because of controversial news and disperse of misinformation which in turnmisled the users. The social networks play an important role in directing the behavioral inclinations.Accordingly, it is recommended that the authorities in healthcare system establish authentic andformal webpage in these social networks to manage controversial and voluminous information.

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Effect of smartphone‑based education on knowledge and self‑care of reproductive health in married students

. Azam Karimi Vanestanagh; . Azizeh Farshbaf‑Khalili; . Khalil Esmaeilpour; . Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi; . Niloufar Sattarzadeh Jahdi

Volume 11, Issue 3 , March 2021, Pages 1-8

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Education by smartphone‑based software is a new method among the world’seducational practices. Due to the lack of studies on the effect of this education on promotingknowledge ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Education by smartphone‑based software is a new method among the world’seducational practices. Due to the lack of studies on the effect of this education on promotingknowledge and self‑care behaviors of students’ reproductive health this study aimed to determinethe effect of smartphone‑based software education on knowledge and self‑care behaviors in thefield of reproductive health.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This RCT with 164 married female students (82 in each group)conducted from October 2019 to January 2020, in Tabriz University and Tabriz medical University.Participants were randomly allocated to two groups of educational intervention and control.Smartphone‑based software education designed in four areas of reproductive health. Interventiongroup was trained for 4 weeks. The score of knowledge and self‑care behaviors of participants in bothgroups were compared at baseline and 8 weeks after intervention. Data were analyzed by SPSS‑23software using Chi‑square, independent t‑tests, and analysis of covariance tests.RESULTS: Eight weeks after the intervention, a significant increase was observed in themean (standard deviation [SD]) score of overall knowledge for reproductive health and all itssubdomains (P < 0.001), as well as in in the mean (SD) self‑care score of reproductive health andall subdomains (P < 0.05), except for the family planning in the education group compared to thecontrol group.CONCLUSION: The findings indicate a significant effect of smartphone‑based software on increasingstudents’ knowledge and self‑care in all areas of reproductive health except for family planningsubdomain of self‑care.

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Role of judgment in promoting nurses’ decisions and ethical behavior

. Fariba Borhani; . Abbas Abbaszadeh; . Abbas Bahrampour; . Golnaz Forough Ameri; . Azita Aryaeenezhad

Volume 11, Issue 3 , March 2021, Pages 1-5

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Ethical decision‑making and behavior of nurses are major factors, which can effecton the quality of nursing care. It seems that there is a correlation between demographic ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Ethical decision‑making and behavior of nurses are major factors, which can effecton the quality of nursing care. It seems that there is a correlation between demographic variablesand ethical decision‑making and moral behaviors of nurses. Promoting patients’ health is one ofthe issues related to nurses’ ethical behaviors. The aim of this study was to determine the role ofjudgment in promoting nurses’ decisions and ethical behavior.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a descriptive, cross‑sectional study in which 260 nurses wereselected based on the inclusion criteria. Sampling method was available. The data collection tool wasthe Hospital Ethics Committee Survey Questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 20.RESULTS: In this study, judgments and ethical behaviors of nurses were evaluated at the moderateand good level. Gender, marriage status, education level, and nursing position were effective injudgments and ethical behavior of nurses. Age, job experience, and participation in the ethicsworkshop had no significant effect on ethical behavior and moral judgment. The mean score of moralbelief of nurses participating in this study was 181.56 ± 17.60, and their mean moral practice in thereal environment was 168.5 ± 17.77.CONCLUSION: The judgment competencies in ethical situation of nurses should be promoted toa higher level. It seems that more advanced educational methods are needed to achieve this goal.The findings from this study show the necessity of nurses’ ability to improve their behavior and moraljudgment. It also shows that nurses need more reinforcement based on the demographic variables.

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COVID‑19: Pros and cons of different caring techniques of elderly patients

. Sajjad Bahariniya; . Mohammed Ezati Asar; . Farzan Madadizadeh

Volume 11, Issue 3 , March 2021, Pages 1-2

Abstract

    Read More

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The eleventh scientific Olympiad of Iranian medical students: Challenges and solutions

. Mohammad Esmaiel Hajinezhad; . Alireza Yousef; . Fariba Jowkar

Volume 11, Issue 3 , March 2021, Pages 1-9

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: The scientific Olympiad is an event that creates a competitive environment forstudent groups of medical universities across the country to solve problems that can help improvethe ...  Read More BACKGROUND: The scientific Olympiad is an event that creates a competitive environment forstudent groups of medical universities across the country to solve problems that can help improvethe health system. This study aims to explain the issues of the scientific Olympiad program of Iranianmedical students.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was conducted using content analysis method, and thedata were collected through 21 semi‑structured, in‑depth interviews with experts from December2018 to April 2020. Participants were selected using purposive sampling methods. Twenty‑onestudents, domain leaders, question designers, Olympiad executive experts, and teachers (11 malesand 10 females) participated in the interviews. Data analysis was performed based on the steps ofGraneheim and Lundman’s method. The interviews were recorded, transcribed, and subjected to aqualitative analysis by MAXQDA 2018 software.RESULTS: From the analysis of data, four themes, including inattention to context, inattention toinput, inattention to process, and inattention to output, emerged.CONCLUSIONS: The scientific Olympiad can lead to interuniversity scientific exchanges and pavesthe way for the promotion of education and evaluation of learners in medical universities, but if notcorrectly implemented and the problems of previous periods are not solved, it will not help the healthsystem and can impose considerable costs on the system.

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Training needs assessment of intensive care nurses in Zabol University of Medical Sciences’ Hospitals

. Javad Vatani; . Shima Javadifar; . Mohammad Ali Shahabi Rabori; . Zahra Khanikosarkhizi; . Tayebeh Ilaghinezhad Bardsirii; . Ehsan Mazloumi; . Naser Dehghan; . Ali Sadeghi Moghaddam; . Alireza Khammar; . Mehdi Raei

Volume 11, Issue 3 , March 2021, Pages 1-7

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: The improvement of the knowledge, skill, and attitude of nurses working at theintensive care unit (ICU) through implementing training need assessment and holding continuousin‑service ...  Read More BACKGROUND: The improvement of the knowledge, skill, and attitude of nurses working at theintensive care unit (ICU) through implementing training need assessment and holding continuousin‑service training courses are of main requisites for providing better health services to the community.Based on this, in the present work, we are looking for the identification and prioritization of the trainingneed of intensive care nurses in the Zabol University of Medical Sciences’ hospitals.MATERIALS AND METHODS: As a cross‑sectional, descriptive study, including two phases ofidentification and prioritization of training needs of ICU nurses, it was conducted by a close‑endedresearcher‑made questionnaire for collecting the data on training needs from the viewpoint nursingofficials, supervisors, and head nurses of the ICU wards in the first phase and a multiple‑choicescientific test plus a checklist for measuring the knowledge and skill of the nurses in the ICU in thesecond phase. In both phases, census method was used for collecting the data. The validity andreliability of data‑gathering tools, mentioned above, were tested and verified before gathering data.Data were analyzed with the descriptive statistics.RESULTS: The results indicated that ventilator setting according to arterial blood gas samplingand interpretation (77.81), cardiac monitoring, detecting dysrhythmia and taking immediateintervention (73.04), ventilator setting according to patient’s respiratory status (68.61), airwaymanagement, oxygenation and intubation (64.39), and adults cardiopulmonary resuscitation (61.77)were the high‑priority training needs of the nurses successively.CONCLUSION: To improve the quality of training programs and upgrading the knowledge, skill,and attitude of nurses working at ICU, the significance and the weight of each training titles shouldbe determined according to the standards and the continuous in‑service training plan along withnurses’ training needs and duties.

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Strategic purchasing and the performance of health‑care systems in upper middle income countries: A comparative study

. Marziye Hadian; . Elaheh Mazaheri; . Alireza Jabbari

Volume 11, Issue 3 , March 2021, Pages 1-6

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Providing financial resources for health services is one of the most important issuesin the study of health systems, of which purchasing health services is very essential. ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Providing financial resources for health services is one of the most important issuesin the study of health systems, of which purchasing health services is very essential. The WorldHealth Organization considers strategic purchasing as a key option for improving the performanceof health systems. The aim of this study was to identify payment methods for service providers andstrategic purchasing strategies in upper middle income countries.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study was conducted in the form of a comparative analysisinvolving comprehensive surveys from 2000 to 2019, by searching keywords for the objective ofthe study by the search engines through databases including ProQuest, PubMed, Google Scholar,Irandoc, SID, Magiran, Science Direct, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, EBSCO, and Cochrane.RESULTS: A total of five upper middle income countries that used strategic purchases entered thestudy. Overall, all of them implemented rather similar strategies in terms of strategic purchasing andpaying to the providers of the services.CONCLUSION: According to the results of this study, per capita payment for primary health‑care andoutpatient services seems to be the best option for controlling the costs of the health sector, whilethe appropriate option for the inpatient department is the most common use of diagnosis‑relatedgroup. The payment method is to control the costs of the inpatient department.

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Prevalence of anxiety, stress, and depression among health care and nonhealth‑care professionals in India

. Kishore Kumar Singh; . Jyotirmay; . Avanindra Kumar; . Aashana Goel; . Saakshi Gulati; . Bikash Bishwadarshee Nayak

Volume 11, Issue 3 , March 2021, Pages 1-5

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: The psychological impact of anxiety, stress, and depression among health careand nonhealth‑care professionals in India contribute significantly to the global burden of ...  Read More BACKGROUND: The psychological impact of anxiety, stress, and depression among health careand nonhealth‑care professionals in India contribute significantly to the global burden of mentalillness in the world. Impaired mental health and stress influence the efficiency and productivity ofwork. Long‑term professional stress among individuals can lead to chronic illness, increased bloodpressure, and many systemic disorders. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence ofanxiety, stress, and depression among the health care and nonhealth‑care professionals in India.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective survey‑based study included 200 studyparticipants (80 nonhealth care and 120 health‑care workers) who were asked to submit theirfeedback and opinion on a questionnaire survey. Depression, stress, and anxiety were scored asper patient health questionnaire‑4 and UCLA scale. The reliability of questionnaires was assessedusing the Cronbach’s alpha (r = 0.90). The statistical analysis was done using the Chi‑square test.RESULTS: Higher prevalence ratio of anxiety, depression, and stress was observed among nonhealthcare compared to health‑care professionals.CONCLUSION: Psychological disturbances were found to be higher among nonmedical whencompared to health‑care workers or professionals. Thus, psychological counseling is required tomanage the stress levels in both health care and nonhealth‑care professionals.

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Developing health promotional skills among medical undergraduates for tuberculosis patients: An innovative way to benefit students as well as patients

. Manju Bala; . Vikramjeet Arora; . Bharti Chawla; . Neha Gautam

Volume 11, Issue 3 , March 2021, Pages 1-5

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Involving medical undergraduate students in patients’ health education will not onlyhelp in improving students’ learning as well as professional and communication ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Involving medical undergraduate students in patients’ health education will not onlyhelp in improving students’ learning as well as professional and communication skills but also playsan important role in achieving better health outcome of patients. The aim of the study was to assessthe impact of students led educational intervention regarding tuberculosis (TB) on their learning andon the patients’ knowledge and attitude towards the disease.MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred medical undergraduates were included in the study. Anintegrated lecture on TB was given to all participants followed by preintervention test on TB. One groupwas then subjected to interactive traditional lecture. Whereas the videos reflecting the experiencesof TB patients were shown to the other group and was given an assignment to prepare educationalleaflets for TB patients followed by postintervention test for both groups. The patients’ satisfactionlevel with the information given via educational leaflet and the overall perceived benefits of thisactivity by the students were assessed. Data analysis done using SPSS version 23.0. Independentand paired t‑test were used to calculate difference of means for quantitative variables.RESULTS: Two groups were comparable preintervention however postintervention there wassignificant improvement in knowledge in the study group (P0.000). Overall 74.2% of the patientswere satisfied with the information provided through leaflets. Students’ feedback highlighted thatmajority of the them felt benefitted from this activity.CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that such type of educational interventions have dual benefits,i.e., learning for the students as well as providing health education to patients which in turn willimprove their clinical outcome.

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