Journal of Education and Health Promotion

Investigate the role of positive and negative memories from dentistry in the anxiety of dental patients in Kerman, Iran

Maryam Alsadat Hashemipour; Farideh Mohammadi; Homa Kamyabi

Volume 12, Issue 11 , December 2022, Pages 1-8

Abstract

  BACKGROUND AND AIM: Several research works show that anxiety is more common in women,low‑income classes, and middle‑aged and elderly populations. The present study aimed to investigatethe ...  Read More BACKGROUND AND AIM: Several research works show that anxiety is more common in women,low‑income classes, and middle‑aged and elderly populations. The present study aimed to investigatethe role of positive and negative memories in patients’ anxiety referred to the dental clinics, offices,and schools of Kerman, Iran, in 2018–2019.MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cross‑sectional, descriptive, analytical study, the participantswere selected among individuals referred to the dental offices, schools, and clinics of Kerman, Iran.In this study, 500 questionnaires were distributed among the participants (based on census method),and of these, 482 of which were reviewed (response rate = 96.4%). The questionnaire used in thisstudy contained four categories of questions, including demographic information, general questionsabout dentistry, Corah’s Dental Anxiety Scale, and Autobiographical Memory Questionnaire. Analysisof variance, t‑test, and Chi‑square test were used to analyze.RESULTS: Overall, 281 participants were female, and 201 were male. Based on the findings, dentalvisits were enjoyable and pleasant experiences for 154 participants, and 165 patients were anxiouswhile the dentist prepared for a restorative treatment. This study showed that people with negativememories had more anxiety. Anxiety was also significantly associated with positive memories, highereducation, and gender (female) (P < 0.05). Also, the most negative memories of dental treatmentswere associated with increased anxiety about dental treatments in adults (P < 0.05), while positivememories did not have a relationship any with decreased anxiety (P > 0.05).CONCLUSION: The most negative memories of dental treatments were associated with increasedanxiety about dental treatments in adults, while positive memories did not have any expected inverserelationship with anxiety.

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Generation‑dependent non‑educational characteristics of medical students

Azarmidokht Firoozjahantighi; Fariba Jowkar; Fariba Haghani

Volume 12, Issue 11 , December 2022, Pages 1-9

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Educational centers accommodate people of varying generations. Indeed, eachgeneration has its specific priorities and values that affect its performance and decisions in ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Educational centers accommodate people of varying generations. Indeed, eachgeneration has its specific priorities and values that affect its performance and decisions in variousaspects, including educational aspects. Understanding the traits of members of a given generationfacilitates understanding how their performance can be improved inside and outside the classroom.So, this study was designed to identify the non‑educational characteristics of MD students in theuniversities of medical sciences in Iran.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study adopted a qualitative exploratory approach.Data were collected through face‑to‑face, semi‑structured interviews. Participants included generalmedicine students who had completed at least one semester. Sampling was purposive with maximumvariation. Sampling was continued until data saturation, and a total of 32 interviews were conducted.Graneheim and Lundman’s content analysis approach was adopted to analyze the data. Lincoln andGuba’s reliability criteria were used to achieve the accuracy and reliability of the data.RESULTS: A total of 32 students were interviewed (n = 18 women and n = 14 men; age range:19–27 years). The participants had completed 2–13 semesters and had between one and six siblings.A total of 10 major categories emerged as the generational traits of students. The main categoriesincluded devoted parents, money as the key reference of value, non‑sexism, religious perplexity,experiencing oneself with others, my life’s address, tunnel vision, evasion from responsibility, winningfame, and I and nothing else.CONCLUSION: For them, gender and religion have lost their former meaning and they believein more freedom. They are also one‑dimensional people, lethargic and night people, who evaderesponsibility and have a strong desire to be seen, approved, and respected. They also prioritizethemselves and their peace of mind. Since these characteristics can have many direct and indirecteffects on various aspects of their lives, including the educational aspect, it can be very beneficialfor people interacting with them to identify and consider these characteristics.

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A cross‑sectional evaluation of communication skills and perceived barriers among the resident doctors at a tertiary care center in India

. Amandeep Singh; . Piyush Ranjan; . Archana Kumar; . Siddharth Sarkar; . Tanveer Kaur; . Ramesh Aggarwal; . Ashish Datt Upadhyay; . Biswaroop Chakrawarty; . Jamshed Nayer; . Mohit Joshi; . Avinash Chakrawarty

Volume 12, Issue 11 , December 2022, Pages 1-8

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: The study was conducted to assess the different components of communicationskills and barriers to practicing good communication skills among resident doctors in a health ...  Read More BACKGROUND: The study was conducted to assess the different components of communicationskills and barriers to practicing good communication skills among resident doctors in a health caresetting.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A web‑based cross‑sectional survey was performed, and datawere collected using a pre‑validated questionnaire with a Cronbach’s alpha (0.88). A total of 431responses were statistically analyzed. Chi‑square test was used to associate the socio‑demographicsand communication skills. Regression analysis was conducted to analyze the association betweenvarious communication domains and barriers, which were adjusted for potential confounders suchas age and gender.RESULTS: Resident doctors have differential levels of competencies in each domain of communicationskills. Around two‑thirds of the residents did not practice good communication skills while breakingthe bad news and reported poor para‑verbal skills. Some of the most common barriers to practicinggood communication skills were found to be an infrastructural deficit, lack of time, and long workinghours. These barriers significantly affected the communication skills such as para‑verbal skills {[‑0.32;P < 0.01; C.I (‑0.54 to ‑0.09), [‑0.27, P < 0.05, C.I (‑0.54 to. 004)], [‑0.32, P < 0.01, (0.07–0.56)]}, theability to break bad news {[‑0.42, P < 0.01, (‑0.73 to ‑0.11)], [‑0.35, P < 0.05, (‑0.75 to ‑0.35)], [0.48,P < 0.01, (0.12–0.84)]}, and communication with patients/attendants {[0.39, P < 0.01, C.I (‑0.71to ‑0.06)], [‑0.88, P < 0.001, C.I (‑1.2 to ‑0.48)], [‑0.88, P < 0.001, C.I (‑1.2 to ‑0.48)]} after adjustmentfor confounding such as age and gender.CONCLUSION: There is a scope for improvement in practicing good communication skills withpatients, among the residents doctors in India. Structured modules for training and evaluation shouldbe implemented in the medical curriculum.

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The effect of education based on the health belief model in improving anxiety among mothers of infants with retinopathy of prematurity

. Azam Salehnezhad; . Hamidreza Zendetalab; . Shoeibi Naser; . Hamidreza Behnam Voshni; . Mojtaba Abrishami; . Mohmmadreza Ansari Astaneh; . Belin Tavakkoli Sani; Zahra Emami Moghadam

Volume 12, Issue 11 , December 2022, Pages 1-8

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Due to the role of education in improving anxiety and essential skills of mothersfor caring for their infants, this study aimed to investigate the effect of education based ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Due to the role of education in improving anxiety and essential skills of mothersfor caring for their infants, this study aimed to investigate the effect of education based on the healthbelief model (HBM) on anxiety among mothers of infants with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).MATERIALS AND METHODS: This randomized controlled clinical trial was performed on 67 motherswith premature infants admitted to the ROP unit of Khatam Al Anbia Eye Hospital in Mashhad,Iran from 2019 to 2020. Participants were randomly allocated to intervention and control groups.Intervention was designed based on HBM during six sessions, each of 45–60 minutes duration. Thecontrol group received routine educations according to the hospital policies. The maternal anxiety,adherence with follow‑up examinations and the rate of neonatal retinal vascularization were evaluatedusing an HBM‑ based questionnaire and State‑Trait Anxiety Inventory questionnaire and checklists,respectively. Data was analyzed by using SPSS software, version 16, using Chi‑squared test, Fisher’sexact test, independent t test, and Mann–Whitney U test.RESULTS: Based on our findings, no significant difference was observed between the two groupsbefore the intervention regarding the mean score of maternal anxiety (P = 0.141). However, afterintervention, the mean score of maternal anxiety decreased significantly from 67.0 ± 6.3 to 38.5 ± 6.6in the intervention group and increased from 69.8 ± 3.1 to 68.3 ± 3.4 in the control group (P < 0.001).In the intervention group, the mean scores of model constructs (perceived susceptibility andseverity, perceived benefits, barriers, self‑efficacy and cue to action) increased significantly afterintervention (P < 0.001).CONCLUSIONS: Education based on HBM appear to be an efficient method to improve maternalanxiety among mothers of infants with retinopathy of prematurity. Accordingly, nurses and treatmentstaff can provide interventions in the NICU based on the HBM to the parents of hospitalized andpremature infants.

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The effect of COVID‑19 restrictions on sleep quality of university students and variables predicting sleep quality

. Arzu Bulut; . Halil Sengul; . Yeter Demir Uslu; . Kazım Bas; . Nurperihan Tosun

Volume 12, Issue 11 , December 2022, Pages 1-9

Abstract

  BACKGROUND/AIM: The COVID‑19 pandemic has created a long period of stress for peopleworldwide and has significantly affected sleep duration. The pandemic revealed new stress factorsthat ...  Read More BACKGROUND/AIM: The COVID‑19 pandemic has created a long period of stress for peopleworldwide and has significantly affected sleep duration. The pandemic revealed new stress factorsthat are likely to affect sleep. Uncertainty is a factor that leads to anxiety and depression, whichaffects sleep. It should also be noted that reductions in sleep quality rather than sleep duration areassociated with negative consequences on mental health. This study aims to investigate online thathow this situation affected university students.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This research, with a descriptive study design, was conducted inTurkey between June 01, 2021 and July 30, 2021. The sample included 604 people who acceptedvoluntary participation, chosen by the random selection method. In the study, sociodemographicinformation form, Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), morningness–eveningness questionnairescale (MEQ Scale), Beck depression inventory (BDI), and Beck anxiety inventory (BAI) were used asdata collection tools. Pearson correlation analysis was utilized to examine the relationship betweenthe scales. Multiple regression analysis was performed to investigate the role of morningness–eveningness, anxiety, depression, and insomnia severity on sleep quality.RESULTS: Sleep quality was negatively correlated with morningness–eveningness scores (r = –0.32,P < 0.01), and positively and significantly related with anxiety (r = 0.43, P < 0.01), depression (r = 0.40,P < 0.01) and insomnia severity (r = 0.55, P < 0.01). According to regression coefficients, whileanxiety (ꞵ = 0.041, P < 0.001) and insomnia severity scores (ꞵ = 0.226, P < 0.001) positively predictedsleep quality, depression did not predict it significantly (ꞵ = 0.009, P > 0.05). A significant difference wasfound in sleep quality according to morning, evening, and intermediate types (F = 27.401, P < 0.001).CONCLUSION: Events related to the COVID‑19 pandemic are associated with reduced sleep qualityin connection with increasing negative moods. Considering the importance of sleep for a healthylife, efforts should be made to raise awareness about this issue and to provide psychological helpto affected individuals.

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The effect of auriculotherapy on improving sleep quality in postmenopausal women aged 45‑60 years: A clinical trial study

. Mona Eidani; . Simin Montazeri; . Parvaneh Mousavi; . Mohammad Hosein Haghighizadeh; . Mahboubeh Valiani

Volume 12, Issue 11 , December 2022, Pages 1-8

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Menopause is one of the developmental stages of women. One of the most commonproblems during this period is sleep disorders. Sleep disorders can affect the quality of life ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Menopause is one of the developmental stages of women. One of the most commonproblems during this period is sleep disorders. Sleep disorders can affect the quality of life of thesepeople. To improve sleep disorders, auriculotherapy has received less attention due to its low costand effectiveness, and side effects. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect ofauriculotherapy on improving sleep quality in postmenopausal women aged 45–60 years.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study is a clinical trial study that was performed on82 postmenopausal women aged 45–60 years under the auspices of health centers in Mahshahrcity, Iran from 2021–2022. Women with inclusion criteria were randomly divided into two groups(intervention and control). The intervention group underwent auriculotherapy for 4 weeks. The St.Petersburg Sleep Quality Questionnaire was completed by both groups at the beginning and 4 weeksafter the start of the intervention. Finally, the data were analyzed by SPSS software version 22 andindependent t‑test, paired t‑test and Chi‑square test.RESULTS: At the beginning of the study, both groups were homogeneous in terms of demographicvariables. The results of data analysis using independent t‑test showed that before the intervention,mental quality (P = 0.513), length of incubation period (P = 0.285), sleep duration (P = 0.121), sleepefficiency (P=0.513), sleep disorders (P=0.685), use of sleeping pills (P=0.530), daily functioning(P=0.60),and overall sleep quality score (P = 0.30) in the control and intervention groups were not statisticallysignificant.However, comparing the mean scores afterthe interventionin the control and interventiongroupsshowed that mental quality (P < 0.001), incubation period (P < 0.001), sleep duration (P < 0.001), sleepefficiency (P < 0.001), sleep disorders (P < 0.001), use of hypnotics (P=0.002), daily functioning (P=0.001),overall sleep quality score (P < 0.001), sleep duration (P = 0.822), sleep efficiency (P = 0.889), sleepdisorders (P = 0.889), use of sleeping pills (P = 1.00), daily performance (P = 0.767), overall sleep qualityscore (P = 0.69) were statistically significant between the two groups. In‑group comparison using pairedt‑test in the control group showed that mental quality (P = 0128), length of the incubation period (P = 1.00),and before and afterthe intervention did not differ significantly in the mean scores. However, a within‑groupcomparison in the intervention group showed that mental quality (P < 0.001), incubation period (P < 0.001),sleep duration (P < 0.001), sleep efficiency  (P < 0.001), sleep disorders (P = 0.003), use of sleepingpills (P = 0.007), daily functioning (P < 0.001), and overall sleep quality score (P < 0.001) before and afterthe intervention had a significant difference in the mean scores.CONCLUSION: The results showed that auriculotherapy has significant effectiveness in improving thequality of sleep, and its dimensions and can be used as an effective method in this area that can beimplemented at a low cost and easily. According to reports from participants and previous studies in thisfield, auriculotherapy did not have any side effects and can be used as a safe way to improve sleep quality.

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Maternal health literacy and pregnancy outcomes in Afghanistan

. Mehran Rostamzadeh; . Zainab Ezadi; . Maryam Hosseini; . Abbas Ali Husseini

Volume 12, Issue 11 , December 2022, Pages 1-7

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: A healthy pregnancy and its outcomes are highly dependent on maternal healthliteracy. This is the first study that targets the association between maternal health literacy ...  Read More BACKGROUND: A healthy pregnancy and its outcomes are highly dependent on maternal healthliteracy. This is the first study that targets the association between maternal health literacy andpregnancy outcomes of women in Afghanistan.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a cross‑sectional study on 200 women who received aprenatal care program and have given birth at Barchi National – 100 beds hospital in Kabul, thecapital city of Afghanistan. As a convenient sample, they answered Maternal Health Literacy andPregnancy Outcome Questionnaire with 5‑point Likert scales. We tested the correlation betweenmaternal health literacy and pregnancy outcome scores via the Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Thepotential association of socio‑demographic and fertility variables with both maternal health literacyand pregnancy outcome was tested via independent samples t‑test or one‑way ANOVA. All analysiswas performed with a 95% confidence level and a significant level was defined as a P value ≤0.05.RESULTS: The maternal health literacy of Afghan women is inadequate. Maternal health literacyis linked to pregnancy outcome, and both were associated with education level, age, number ofgravidities, number of received care, and time that onset the prenatal care. Nutshell, we found evidenceof a positive and significant correlation between maternal health literacy and pregnancy outcome.CONCLUSION: This study brings forth the novel data on maternal health literacy of Afghan women, themembers of society that face health crises for more than half a century. This study calls for recognitionthat inadequate maternal health literacy in Afghanistan significantly influences prenatal care qualityand perpetuates the biggest challenge for maternal and child health through pregnancy outcomes.

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Effectiveness of distance education program on mothers’ empowerment in exclusive breastfeeding: A randomized clinical trial

. Zeynab Taheri; . Fatemeh Bakouei; Mouloud Agajani Delavar .; . Mahbobeh Faramarzi; . Afsaneh Bakhtiari; Fatemeh Nasiri Amir Fatemeh Nasiri Amir

Volume 12, Issue 11 , December 2022, Pages 1-8

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Mothers need the necessary skills to be empowered in successful breastfeeding.This study aimed to investigate effectiveness of the distance education program on the mothers’empowerment ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Mothers need the necessary skills to be empowered in successful breastfeeding.This study aimed to investigate effectiveness of the distance education program on the mothers’empowerment in exclusive breastfeeding.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A randomized clinical trial study was done on 72 nulliparous pregnantwomen 28–32 weeks with normal pregnancy. The qualified women were randomly assigned to theintervention and control groups based on the random‑number table. The breastfeeding trainingpackages were sent to women in the intervention group via Telegram every week from 32 until37 weeks of gestation. The mothers’ empowerment in breastfeeding (primary outcome) and theexclusive breastfeeding rate (secondary outcome) were assessed by questionnaires.RESULTS: Based on the repeated measured tests, although scores for all domains and also thetotal score of the mothers’ empowerment in breastfeeding between two groups had increasedduring the study period, there was a significant difference between the increasing trends of thematernal empowerment domains in two groups (interaction P value ‹0.001). Also, the prevalence ofexclusive breastfeeding (secondary outcome) at 6 months was significantly higher in the interventiongroup (81.8% and 57.1% in the intervention and control groups, respectively) (P = 0.028).CONCLUSION: Distance education could increase all domains of the mothers’ empowerment inbreastfeeding after delivery. Also, exclusive breastfeeding at 6 months after delivery was significantlyhigher in mothers who were receiving the distance education packages.

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Sub‑optimal knowledge with positive attitude and belief of frontline health workers toward the use of information technologies: A mixed‑method study from rural Haryana, India

. Ramadass Sathiyamoorthy; . Ankit Chandra; . Sagar Poudel; . Rakesh Kumar; Harshal R. Salve .; . Kapil Yadav; . Shashi Kant; . Ballabgarh Teaching and Research Group

Volume 12, Issue 11 , December 2022, Pages 1-9

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Information technology (IT) can be used by frontline health workers (FLWs) toconnect and deliver care to the community. Various studies in India have assessed the beneficialimpact ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Information technology (IT) can be used by frontline health workers (FLWs) toconnect and deliver care to the community. Various studies in India have assessed the beneficialimpact of IT usage by FLWs, but for the long‑term sustainability, the attitude and belief toward ITusage have not been adequately studied. We conducted this study to assess the knowledge andattitude and to explore the beliefs of FLWs toward the use of IT in a rural area of Haryana.MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a mixed‑method study (qualitative and quantitativeapproach) in a rural setting of Haryana, India. We included FLWs of two primary health centers (PHCs).Data were collected from October 19, 2020 to December 31, 2020. We collected data from 75 accreditedsocial health activists (ASHAs), 37 Anganwadi workers (AWWs), 28 multi‑purpose workers (MPWs),two information assistants, and two medical officers using a semi‑structured interview schedule. Theirknowledge about the benefits of IT use, past use of IT applications and devices, and self‑rating ofknowledge regarding computers or laptops were collected. We used 14 attitude statements, each witha five‑point Likert scale to assess the attitude; a total score ≥35 was considered a positive attitude.We conducted eight focus group discussions (FGDs) to explore the beliefs regarding IT usage (fourFGDs with ASHAs, two FGDs with AWWs, and two FGDs with MPWs). A descriptive analysis wasperformed for the quantitative data, and a thematic analysis was performed for qualitative data.RESULTS: Knowledge about the benefits of IT use was present among 77.8% of FLWs. Amongthe FLWs, 79.2% self‑rated their knowledge of computers/laptops as ‘do not have knowledge’, 16%self‑rated as ‘low knowledge’, and 4.8% self‑rated as ‘good knowledge’. The median total score forattitude statements among all the FLWs (n = 144) was 54 [inter‑quartile range – 48–59]. Four themesemerged for beliefs toward IT usage, namely, positive beliefs, negative beliefs, challenges anticipatedin adopting IT use, and facilitation factors. The positive beliefs were related to improvement in workefficiency and social status, less paperwork, timely report generation, and better learning. The negativebeliefs were related to an increase in working hours, close monitoring, and feeling over‑burdened.CONCLUSION: We found that FLWs had knowledge regarding the benefits of IT use, but theylacked knowledge regarding laptop/computer use. They had a satisfactory level of confidence inusing smartphones, and most of them were using mobile applications. The majority of the FLWs hada positive attitude and beliefs toward IT use and wanted to use it in the future.

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Four decades of hand microsurgery in Iran: A bibliographic analysis

. Hooman Shariatzadeh; . Mohsen Motaleb; . Farhad Soltani; . Farid Najd Mazhar; . Ali Behmanesh; . Meysam Fathi; . Mohsen Barkam; . Seyed Jafar Ehsanzadeh; Roshanak Shams .

Volume 12, Issue 11 , December 2022, Pages 1-8

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to perform a bibliometric analysis to assess the numberof articles published by Iranian researchers in the field of hand and microsurgery over ...  Read More BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to perform a bibliometric analysis to assess the numberof articles published by Iranian researchers in the field of hand and microsurgery over the last fourdecades.MATERIALS AND METHODS: An online search was conducted using 685 keywords in the abstract/title sections of articles, including carpal tunnel syndrome, wrist fractures, nerve injury and repair,skin flap and graft in the hand, congenital disorders in the hand and forearm, tumor in the handand wrist, and infection in the hand and wrist. From February 1976 to May 2021, EndNote softwareversion 8.1 was used to search articles in PubMed and Scopus databases. Articles in which at leastone of the authors was affiliated with Iran were chosen. The name of the original institution, field ofstudy, total number of publications, type of study, collaboration rate of Iranian hand surgeons foreach year, and annual sharing of Iranian articles in journals with the highest cite scores in the fieldof hand and microsurgery were all examined in the present study.RESULTS: The total number of publications in the field of hand and microsurgery was 632 (an averageof 11 papers per year). Most of the Iranian hand and microsurgery papers were from the capitalcity, Tehran (38.09%). There was an increasing trend in the number of publications over the years,most which were about carpal tunnel syndrome (21.5%), tendon (9.8%), and nerve (9.6%). In total,59.6% were descriptive articles, whereas the proportion of clinical trials was relatively small (22.3%).CONCLUSIONS: Iranian hand microsurgeons have continued to increase their scientific output inhand microsurgery and related fields over the last 40 years. The quality of Iranian hand microsurgeons’scientific output, both within and outside their discipline, has greatly improved; however, they stillhave a long way to go before becoming a hub of science.LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: IV, retrospective study without control group.

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Comparative evaluation of postoperative pain and tissue response in patients undergoing conventional flap surgeries with or without 940 nm diode laser exposure ‑ A randomized clinical study

Sonali Roy .; . Dhirendra K. Singh; . Balaji Manohar

Volume 12, Issue 11 , December 2022, Pages 1-10

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Over the past few years, a growing body of evidence has allowed us to ascertainthat the initiation of periodontitis stems from the existence of oral microbial biofilm and ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Over the past few years, a growing body of evidence has allowed us to ascertainthat the initiation of periodontitis stems from the existence of oral microbial biofilm and that thisrequires definitive treatment. Owing to its exceptional usability, affordability, and antibacterialactivity, the “diode laser” (DL) has increasingly become a popular and important tool in a dentist’sarmamentarium. However, there is a scarcity of scientific evidence on the utility and advantages ofusing “diode laser” in periodontal flap surgery. The study aimed to determine the efficacy of 940 nmdiode laser exposure in combination with conventional periodontal flap surgery for the treatment ofchronic periodontitis to evaluate postoperative discomfort and clinical parameters.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 10 subjects (7 males and 3 females) with generalizedchronic periodontitis were recruited and completed the study without any dropouts. For this split‑mouthstudy, 40 sample sites with pocket probing depth (PPD) 5–7 mm post periodontal Phase I therapywere selected. The quadrants were randomly allocated to Groups A, B, C, and D using the fishbowl lottery method. Kirkland flap surgery with laser and modified Widman flap (MWF) with laserwere performed in Group A and C, respectively, while Kirkland flap surgery and MWF surgery wereperformed in Group B and Group D. Clinical parameters including visual analog scale (VAS) scoreand gingival inflammation were determined at 3rd and 7th day postoperatively while PPD, clinicalattachment level (CAL), and sulcus bleeding index (SBI) were recorded at baseline and 6 monthsfollowing treatment. Wilcoxon signed‑rank test and Kruskal–Wallis test were used for intra‑groupand inter‑group comparison of parameters, respectively.RESULTS: Statistically significant difference was attained with postoperative discomfort inlaser‑assisted groups on 1st and 3rd day postoperatively (P < 0.001). There was no significant differencein the proportion of subjects with gingival inflammation. A statistically significant reduction in meanPPD at 6 months postoperatively was seen among all study groups (P < 0.05) but the inter‑groupdifference was not statistically significant. SBI score reduced significantly from baseline to 6 monthsfollow‑up among all four groups (P < 0.05). However, we did not find the inter‑group difference tobe statistically non‑significant.CONCLUSION: Diode laser as an adjunct to the surgical procedure can demonstrate appreciablebenefits by increasing the CAL and minimizing the postoperative pain and the probing pocket, butsuch additional effects were not observed with gingival inflammation.

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Exploration of the primary needs of health care services for earthquake victims in the west of Iran

. Mahnaz Solhi; . Shakiba Zahed; . Abbas Ostadtaghizade; . Hadi Darvishi Gilan

Volume 12, Issue 11 , December 2022, Pages 1-10

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Natural disasters always have significant effects on social infrastructures, livingconditions, and health care systems. This study aims to explain the needs of victims in ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Natural disasters always have significant effects on social infrastructures, livingconditions, and health care systems. This study aims to explain the needs of victims in the west ofIran for primary health care services.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This thematic content analysis and qualitative study was donefrom September 2020 to June 2021 in the west of Iran. Participants were selected using purposivesampling method. The data were extracted through semi‑structured interviews with 17 earthquakevictims and then examined through thematic content analysis.RESULTS: By analyzing and coding the data, the primary needs of victims post an earthquake in thewest of Iran were classified into four main categories) health services, mental health, social health,and health management (and 14 subcategories.CONCLUSION: Regarding the primary needs (health services, mental health, social health, andhealth management), establishing a headquarters to meet the immediate and special health careneeds seems to be required. It was recommended to create institutions for monitoring and supportingthe health care needs at the level of the community and even policymaking, as well as guidingearthquake‑stricken areas such as the eco‑village.

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Functionality of self‑care for pregnancy mobile applications: A review study

. Behnaz Pouriayevali; . Asghar Ehteshami; . Shahnaz Kohan; . Sakineh Saghaeiannejad-Isfahani

Volume 12, Issue 11 , December 2022, Pages 1-8

Abstract

  Self‑care may help prevent pregnancy complications and mortality by informing parents. Mobilehealth applications (apps) can help individuals to improve the quality of self‑care. ...  Read More Self‑care may help prevent pregnancy complications and mortality by informing parents. Mobilehealth applications (apps) can help individuals to improve the quality of self‑care. Although it hasbeen claimed that mobile apps have various benefits, their functionalities in pregnancy self‑careare still unclear. A clear understanding of current apps can help researchers, practitioners, and appdevelopers to identify appropriate functionalities for new development and future refinement of currentapps. This review endeavored to identify appropriate functions for pregnancy self‑care mobile appsand user interface (UI) features. The scope of this review integrates self‑care for pregnancy appspublished in Google Play and Cafe Bazaar (an Iranian Android marketplace), popular Android appstores, from July to October 2019 by sing the systematic search technique. All 4196 downloaded appswere installed, and it was found that 76 of them met the inclusion criteria. This way, their featureswere extracted and categorized by the conventional content analysis. Three main themes and 69subthemes in terms of apps functionalities and their UI features were extracted as follows: 1) Trainingmaterials (maternal and paternal) with 27 subthemes; 2) self‑care functionalities (consultations, fetustracking, clinical examination, supportive assistance, and reminders) with 26 subthemes; and UIfeatures with 16 subtheme. The findings underlined the mHealth solutions for pregnancy self‑careand the need for development of the apps regarding the extracted functionalities and UI features;however, controlled trials are needed. It is recommended that transparent reporting of mHealthinterventions needs to be prioritized to enable effective interpretation of the extracted data.

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Absenteeism among undergraduate medical students and its impact on academic performance: A record‑based study

. Sayeli Mitra; . a, Paramita Sarkar; . Suchetana Bhattacharyya; . Rivu Basu

Volume 12, Issue 11 , December 2022, Pages 1-5

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Student absenteeism is a major concern for undergraduate medical educationtraining in India. Regular class attendance helps students have a proper understanding of the topicof ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Student absenteeism is a major concern for undergraduate medical educationtraining in India. Regular class attendance helps students have a proper understanding of the topicof discussion. This study explores the pattern of absenteeism among medical students and whetherabsenteeism is associated with their academic performances.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A record‑based, cross‑sectional study was done by reviewingdepartmental attendance registers, item cards and marks obtained in exam by 190 students in thecommunity medicine department who had passed their 3rd professional part 1 examination in 2018.The data was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 16. A descriptive analysis summarizes thepattern of absenteeism and their marks obtained in the semester and professional exam of communitymedicine. The primary outcome indicator was the 3rd professional exam marks. The correlationbetween class absenteeism and other predictors and exam result was analyzed. Regressionanalysis was done to predict dependence of outcome variable on class attendance and formativeexamination marks.RESULTS: Overall, female students had better class attendance than male students. There was apositive correlation of lecture class attendance (r = 0.369) and marks obtained in the 6th semesterexam (r = 0.717) with the final exam result. Further regression analysis showed final marks had ahigher dependence on the 6th semester examination score (B = 0.669) when compared to lectureclass attendance (B = 0.051).CONCLUSION: Although lecture class attendance is an important predictor of final result, thisstudy showed that the 6th semester marks were a better predictor. This may be due to multiplefactors (alternate source of learning, student’s motivation, etc.) which require further exploration.

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Agreement for diagnosis of depression and anxiety between self‑assessment with e‑questionnaire and psychiatric telephone interview among post‑COVID‑19 patients

. Shahrzad Mazhari; . Abdolreza Sabah; . Hoda Gilanipour; . Sareh Keshvardoost

Volume 12, Issue 11 , December 2022, Pages 1-6

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Psychological disorders, such as depression and anxiety, are common amongindividuals who have experienced coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‑19); however, diagnosis maybe ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Psychological disorders, such as depression and anxiety, are common amongindividuals who have experienced coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‑19); however, diagnosis maybe challenging and subjected to invalidity. This study aimed to examine agreement between onlineself‑assessment and psychiatric telephone interview among COVID‑19 survivors.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross‑sectional descriptive study was carried out from Marchto June 2021 in Afzalipour Hospital, Kerman, Iran. The inpatients confirmed with COVID‑19 werecontacted within the first week after discharge and were asked to fill the Hospital Anxiety andDepression scale (HADS) and socio‑demography questionnaire. They were later interviewed usingHamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM‑D) and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM‑A). Agreementbetween the data extracted from self‑report and telephone interview was analyzed using Cohen’skappa coefficient, sensitivity, and specificity.RESULTS: Out of 200 post‑COVID patients, 60 participants completed all assessments. Prevalenceof depression was observed to be 88% via telephone interview and 45% via self‑assessment.Moreover, 83% of the participants were diagnosed with anxiety according to the telephone interview,in comparison to 31% diagnosed with anxiety using self‑report questionnaire. The agreement betweenonline self‑assessment and telephone interview for depression and anxiety was not significant(κ = 0.08 and κ = 0.1, respectively).CONCLUSION: The discordance between online self‑report and clinician’s assessment via phonecontact interview indicates that using self‑report evaluations is not sufficient as the single assessmenttool for mental health monitoring and reflects the need to employ multiple assessments for diagnosisof psychiatric problems in pandemics.

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Effectiveness and perception of demonstration‑observation‑ assistance‑performance (DOAP) versus video‑assisted learning (VAL) in training advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) among medical interns – A comparative study

. Kakkoprath T. Madavan

Volume 12, Issue 11 , December 2022, Pages 1-9

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Demonstration‑Observation‑Assistance‑Performance (DOAP) and Video‑AssistedLearning (VAL) are small‑group teaching/learning methods (TLM) in medical education. ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Demonstration‑Observation‑Assistance‑Performance (DOAP) and Video‑AssistedLearning (VAL) are small‑group teaching/learning methods (TLM) in medical education. Comparisonstudies between the two are scanty. There is a gap in knowledge, skills, and attitude among medicalinterns toward Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS). The author studied the effectiveness of DOAPand VAL in training ACLS using mannequins and automated external defibrillator (AED)-simulatorsamong interns in 2021.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This descriptive study was done in the Emergency Department ofa tertiary teaching hospital in South India. Out of 80 medical interns, 39 and 41 were allocated toACLS training by DOAP (Group 1) and VAL (Group 2), respectively, by convenient sampling withrandom allocation, with the use of mannequins and AED‑Simulators (10 interventions in each smallgroup; three‑five participants in each session). Pre‑validated pre‑test and posttest multiple‑choicequestionnaires (MCQs) and attitude questionnaires, OSCE by two blinded assessors, and perceptionby Likert‑based questionnaire were analyzed with appropriate statistical analysis.RESULTS: The mean pretest and posttest MCQs and Attitude and OSCE scores of DOAP and VALshowed no statistically significant difference between them (MCQ pre‑test 44.51 (11.43); 42.54 (6.56);p = 0.350 and MCQ posttest, 78.97 (8.59); 77.22 (11.29); p = 0.438; OSCE 40.51 (2.43) and40.63 (1.92); p = 0.804; Attitude: 11 (3), 11 (2); p = 0.567; 14 (2), 14 (3); p = 0.095). MCQ post‑testsshowed improved scores (p < 0.001) in both the methods and the standardized mean differencebased on the MCQ scores for the DOAP group was 3.02, and for the VAL group 3, showed theeffectiveness of both methods. Perception scores showed learners’ interest and positive feedbackto both methods and ACLS.CONCLUSION: Both DOAP and VAL were equally effective TLMs in imparting knowledge, skills, andattitude to medical interns with positive feedback. In DOAP, the learner performs under supervisionand clarifies doubts. As repeatable and cost‑effective, VAL is useful in resource‑limited settings.Both can be used as complementary methods in training ACLS. The attitude of learners towardsACLS improved with training.

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A comparative study of the effect of face‑to‑face counseling and telephone counseling on attitudes toward infertility in infertile couples

. Fateme Ahmadi Rezamahaleh; . Talat Khadivzadeh

Volume 12, Issue 11 , December 2022, Pages 1-6

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Couples’ attitudes toward infertility are related to different dimensions of infertility.Counseling can change attitudes toward infertility in infertile couples. Therefore, ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Couples’ attitudes toward infertility are related to different dimensions of infertility.Counseling can change attitudes toward infertility in infertile couples. Therefore, this study wasconducted to determine and compare the effect of face‑to‑face counseling and telephone counselingon infertility attitudes in infertile couples.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This two‑group intervention study was performed on 34 infertilecouples who were randomly assigned to face‑to‑face and telephone counseling groups. The coupleattended counseling sessions as scheduled by the researcher. An Infertility Attitude Questionnairewas completed by all participants at the beginning and end of the study. Data were analyzed usingSPSS software version 16.RESULTS: The results of independent t test showed that after the intervention, the mean scoreof attitude toward infertility in the face‑to‑face counseling group was significantly higher thanthe telephone counseling group. Based on paired t test, the mean score of infertility attitude inthe face‑to‑face counseling group was significantly increased two weeks after the interventioncompared to before. The mean score of infertility attitude in the telephone counseling group wassignificantly increased two weeks after the intervention compared to before. According to the resultsof independent t test, the attitude score toward infertility was not statistically significant betweenthe two groups.CONCLUSION: The results of the present study showed that with counseling, the mean score ofinfertility attitude in infertile couples in both groups had increased. In other words, counseling canchange attitudes toward infertility in infertile people.

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Encouraging students’ engagement and promoting deep learning in immunology through an interactive clinical case problem‑solving (CCPS) approach: Perception among cohort of medical students in Oman

. Mohan B. Sannathimmappa; . Vinod Nambiar; . Rajeev Aravindakshan

Volume 12, Issue 11 , December 2022, Pages 1-6

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Modern competency‑based medical education emphasizes student‑centeredteaching‑learning strategies where students take responsibility of their own learning. Student‑centeredapproaches ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Modern competency‑based medical education emphasizes student‑centeredteaching‑learning strategies where students take responsibility of their own learning. Student‑centeredapproaches facilitate multifaceted learning such as observation, critical evaluation, analysis, deeperunderstanding, and application of knowledge. The current study aims at assessing the students’perception on utilization of clinical case problem‑solving approach (CCPS) to promote their lifelonglearning.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present cross‑sectional study was conducted at College ofMedicine and Health Sciences (CoMHS) during the year 2021‑2022. MD3 students of the academicyear 2021‑2022 were the study participants. The study was approved by institutional Ethic and ReviewCommittee. Students’ performances were assessed through pre‑test and post‑test performances.Students’ feedback was collected through a predesigned questionnaire on a 3‑point Likert scale.Cronbach’s alpha coefficient test was used to assess the reliability of the questionnaire. The data wasentered to Microsoft Excel and analyzed using SPSS software version 22. Paired t‑test was used tocompare pre‑test and post‑test scores and the data was expressed as numbers and percentages.RESULTS: In total, 103 participants were included in the study. Post‑test scores were significantlyhigher compared to pre‑test scores (p < 0.05). Questionnaire results showed that CCPS approachwas accepted as an effective learning strategy. Majority (>90%) of the students expressed CCPSapproach was interesting, motivated to learn, encouraged peer discussion, enhanced knowledge,and clarified their topic‑related doubts. More than 80% students opined that CCPS enhanced theircritical thinking, problem‑solving ability, deep learning, and lifelong learning skills. Nearly 90% ofthe students suggested for including such sessions for more topics in immunology course in future.CONCLUSION: From our study results, it can be concluded that CCPS is an effective learningstrategy to encourage students’ engagement and promote their deep learning skills.

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Investigating the relationship between attitudes toward fertility and childbearing and the value of children with attitudes toward fertility control in married women aged 15‑45 in Isfahan

. Shahnaz Kohan; . Mahboobe Gholami; . Fatemeh Shaghaghi; . Zahra Mohebbi-Dehnavi

Volume 12, Issue 11 , December 2022, Pages 1-5

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: The family is one of the important social institutions and the function of childbearingis one of the important functions of the family. The decision to have children depends ...  Read More BACKGROUND: The family is one of the important social institutions and the function of childbearingis one of the important functions of the family. The decision to have children depends on theindividual’s attitude about the consequences of having another child and their perceived norms.Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the relationship between attitudes toward fertilityand childbearing and the value of children with attitudes toward fertility control in married womenaged 15 to 45 years in Isfahan.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was a cross‑sectional correlational study that wasperformed on 500 married women with at least one child in health centers affiliated to IsfahanUniversity of Medical Sciences. Data collection tools in this study were standard questionnaires.The data were analyzed by SPSS software version 22.RESULTS: The mean score of attitude toward fertility control was 40.43 ± 9.03. The area of securityin old age and the area of procrastination had the highest mean values of children and attitudestoward fertility and childbearing, respectively. Analysis of data by Spearman test showed that thereis a significant relationship between all dimensions of child value and attitudes toward fertility andchildbearing with attitudes toward fertility control (P < 0.05).CONCLUSION: A positive attitude toward the child increases the likelihood of having children andbelieving in the negative impact of the child on freedom reduces the likelihood of having a desirefor fertility. Changing attitudes of societies toward childbearing and less desire to have childrenshould not be sought only in material, economic, or social reasons but also cultural factors shouldbe considered in this area.

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Heat wave adaptation paradigm and adaptation strategies of community: A qualitative phenomenological study in Iran

. Maryam Kiarsi; . Mohammadreza Amiresmaili; . Mohammad R. Mahmoodi; . Hojjat Farahmandnia; . Nouzar Nakhaee; . Armin Zareiyan; . Hamidreza Aghababaeian

Volume 12, Issue 11 , December 2022, Pages 1-17

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Heat wave adaptation is a new concept related to experiencing heat. The presentstudy aims at investigating a conceptual definition, that is, the mental framework of heat ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Heat wave adaptation is a new concept related to experiencing heat. The presentstudy aims at investigating a conceptual definition, that is, the mental framework of heat waveadaptation and its strategies.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A phenomenological study was performed to explain the mentalconcept. At the same time with the data collection process, data analysis was also performed usingColaizzi method. Semi‑structured interview method and purposeful sampling with maximum varietywere used. Interviews were conducted with 23 different subjects in the community. The accuracy ofthe data was guaranteed using Lincoln & Guba scientific accuracy criteria.RESULTS: The two main themes of the adaptation paradigm as well as its strategies were dividedinto the main categories of theoretical and operational concepts, as well as personal care measuresand government measures. Under the category of individual measures, we obtained “clothing,nutrition, building, place of residence and lifestyle,” and under the category of governance actions,the “managerial, research, health, organizational” subcategories were obtained.CONCLUSION: According to the results of the conceptual‑operational definition, heat wave adaptationis an active process and an effort to reduce the adverse effects of heat waves on individual andsocial life, and striking a balance that will not only result in individual awareness and actions thatwill lead to lifestyle changes, but also mostly requires integrated and comprehensive planning in thecommunity. On the one hand, heat waves could not only be regarded as a threat or danger, but canalso become an opportunity for the development of a community through identification and smartmeasures, and for adaptation, the community must take it as a risk. The community should have aplan in advance, apply the necessary rules and training, and use the new facilities and rules wherenecessary. This practical concept definition includes the main features of heat wave adaptation.

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Prevalence of internet addiction and its impact on selected psychological parameters among UG nursing students

. Jitendra S. Parmar; . Samundy Kumbhakar

Volume 12, Issue 11 , December 2022, Pages 1-7

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Currently, the use of the internet is one of the most important tools, which maylead to negative or positive impact on college or school students. The excessive use of electronicmedia ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Currently, the use of the internet is one of the most important tools, which maylead to negative or positive impact on college or school students. The excessive use of electronicmedia may lead to change in the mood, an inability to resist internet usage, a diminishing sociallife, withdrawal symptoms while unengaged, affecting self‑esteem, and adverse work or academicconsequences. The main objective of this study is to explore Internet use and its impact on selectedpsychological parameters such as depression and insomnia among undergraduate (UG) nursingstudents.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 385 college students selected by purposive samplingtechnique were included in the study. Young’s Internet Addiction Test (YIAT20) for Internetaddiction (IA) assessment, and Beck’s depression inventory Scale to assess level of depression,and insomnia severity index (ISI) scale to measure insomnia were used.RESULTS: Among 385 participants, 175 and 210 were male and female, respectively. Demographicvariables such as pursuing course, study year, use of Internet/day; and the purpose of Internetuse such as social networking, games, entertainment, pornography, and news were significantlyassociated with IA. Depression and insomnia were found to be correlated with IA.CONCLUSION: Internet usage more than the normal limit has a profound effect on college or schoolstudents, in particular, depression and insomnia. At times, it ends up in problems in their social andfamily relationship.

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The effect of educational intervention on self‑care behavior in hypertensive older people: Applying the health belief model

. Leila Naeemi; . Seyedeh Shahrbanoo Daniali; . Akbar Hassanzadeh; . Majid Rahimi

Volume 12, Issue 11 , December 2022, Pages 1-7

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Hypertension is a worldwide health issue. Increasing aging has given rise to theprevalence of this problem. Disease management using educational intervention based on theoreticalframeworks ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Hypertension is a worldwide health issue. Increasing aging has given rise to theprevalence of this problem. Disease management using educational intervention based on theoreticalframeworks is effective for influencing self‑care behavior. The goal of this study is to investigate theeffects of educational intervention on self‑care behaviors that influence hypertension control amongthe elderly population during 2020 based on the health belief model.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A quasi-experimental study was conducted on rural older people inArdestan, Iran. Assessments were done before and after three educational intervention sessionswith a control group. The random sampling has done on 99 hypertensive elderly people in two ruralcenters of Ardestan from 2019 to 2020. Awareness variables, components of the health belief model,and blood pressure were assessed before and three months after the intervention. Data analysiswas done using descriptive and analytical statistics.RESULTS: The study groups did not differ significantly in terms of the variables studied at thebeginning of the study. After three months, the variables of awareness, self‑care, and perceivedsensitivity constructs, perceived severity, perceived benefits, and guide to action showed a significantrise in the experimental group compared to the control group. In addition, the effectiveness ofeducational intervention significantly increased self‑care behavior in the experimental group.CONCLUSIONS: Educational intervention based on the health belief model can be effective toreduce the barriers of self‑care behaviors. In order to have a lasting change in behavior, the useof behavioral change patterns that ecologically take into account interpersonal, organizational, andsocial factors is suggested too.

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Assessment of the efficacy of a video‑based hybrid teaching module of oxygen therapy and critical care area troubleshooting in nursing professionals managing COVID‑19 patients

. Mridul Dhar; . Sameer Sharma; . Hemanthkumar K; . Shalinee Rao

Volume 12, Issue 11 , December 2022, Pages 1-6

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Video‑based teaching has become rapidly popular during the coronavirus disease2019 (COVID‑19) pandemic. The current study aimed to assess the efficacy of a hybrid video‑basedteaching ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Video‑based teaching has become rapidly popular during the coronavirus disease2019 (COVID‑19) pandemic. The current study aimed to assess the efficacy of a hybrid video‑basedteaching module of oxygen therapy and critical care troubleshooting in nursing professionals managingCOVID‑19 patients in our institute.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective analytical study (pretest and posttest design) wasconducted in our medical education department in March 2022 using the data from a workshopconducted on oxygen therapy and critical care area troubleshooting during COVID‑19 patientmanagement for 296 nursing professionals. A hybrid video‑based teaching module was used. Pretestand posttest data were compared along with subgroup analysis. P value <0.05 was consideredsignificant.RESULTS: Posttest scores were significantly higher than the baseline scores in the overall groupas well as in all subgroups (P < 0.001). Subgroup comparisons revealed no significant differencein mean baseline pretest and posttest scores in male versus female participants. Baseline pretestscores (P = 0.02) and posttest scores (P = 0.08) were lower in the nurses of the noncritical areascompared to critical area nurses. Mean improvement in posttest score compared to baseline scorewas similar between all groups.CONCLUSION: Hybrid technique involving both video aspects and in‑person teacher presencefor demonstration or troubleshooting improves perceived knowledge in nursing professionals withsome prior formal training and may be superior to the conventional only didactic/lecture‑baseddemonstrations, especially in the context of imparting rapid training during pandemics or similarurgent situations.

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Impact of COVID‑19 on mental health of infertile couple: A rapid systematic review

. Morvarid Irani; . Maryam Hassanzadeh Bashtian; . Narges Soltani; . Fatemeh Khabiri

Volume 12, Issue 11 , December 2022, Pages 1-9

Abstract

  Infertile couples experience a lot of psychological stress due to the inability to achieve the desiredsocial role. Couples who decide to continue assisted reproductive therapy (ART) ...  Read More Infertile couples experience a lot of psychological stress due to the inability to achieve the desiredsocial role. Couples who decide to continue assisted reproductive therapy (ART) during the epidemicalso experience the psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic, which affects their daily livesdue to social isolation, quarantine, travel restrictions, and cancellation of treatment. Therefore, thepurpose of this study was to assess the mental health of infertile couple pausing or delaying theirtreatment due to the COVID-19 pandemic. PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, Embase, Web of Science,ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, Research Gate, and the World Health Organization databases andwebsites were systematically searched for original studies concerning abortion in the era of COVID-19pandemic published by August 15, 2021. We used the following keywords: “COVID-19 Coronavirus, infertility, reproductive technique, fertilization, assisted reproduction, pregnant termination,psychological, in vitro mental status, depressive symptoms, and anxiety.” In sum, after automaticallyand manually search and excluding duplicates, 269 articles were found. In final, after screening, 18articles were selected. Most patients experienced negative emotions during the COVID-19 epidemic.When reproductive services were re-established, participants showed higher levels of anxiety andlower quality of life than before quarantine. Women who thought pregnancy was more importantthan getting COVID-19 had higher levels of anxiety than women who thought otherwise (P < 0.05).The COVID-19 pandemic has negative impacts on the mental health and quality of life of patientsseeking fertility services and coping with it requires timely and appropriate psychological intervention,accurate information, and social and organizational support.

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Teaching‑learning process and the attitude toward scientific research among midwifery students

. John Barja‑Ore; . Willy Ramos; . Jhony A. De La Cruz Vargas; . Rudi Amalia Loli Ponce

Volume 12, Issue 11 , December 2022, Pages 1-7

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Research in universities requires systematic and participatory processes thatintegrate teachers, contents, strategies and tools, and students and their own interests. Therefore,the ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Research in universities requires systematic and participatory processes thatintegrate teachers, contents, strategies and tools, and students and their own interests. Therefore,the main objective of this study was to establish the relationship between the perception of theteaching‑learning process (TLP) and the attitude toward scientific research among midwifery students.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Descriptive cross‑sectional study, conducted on 250 students fromsecond to fourth year of study selected by convenience sampling. The data were collected with twoself‑administered Likert‑type scales that were validated in content and construct, both with highreliability. Descriptive statistics were carried out; the Spearman correlation test was used prior tothe application of the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test and Kendall’s tau‑b test.RESULTS: The favorable perception of the TLP was greater among second‑year students (42.6%),in addition, 15.2% agreed that the advice of teachers contributes to the elaboration of the researchprotocol. The attitude of indifference toward research was more frequent in third‑year students (58.2%)and 28.4% were deemed in disagreement to be able to identify and operationalize the variables. Inthe analysis of dimensions, the role of the student had a moderate relationship with the researchdesign (rho = 0.536; P < 0.001), while a weak relationship was demonstrated between media andtechniques with ethical and scientific value (rho = 0.104; P < 0.001).CONCLUSION: The TLP perceived by midwifery students and their attitudes toward scientific researchhad a direct and significant correlation. The proportion of students with favorable perception wasgreater among those with a favorable attitude.

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Patients’ perspectives on the quality of online patient education materials: A qualitative study

. Mohammad Ali Boroumand; . Shahram Sedghi; . Peyman Adibi; . Sirous Panahi; . Alireza Rahimi

Volume 12, Issue 11 , December 2022, Pages 1-7

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Access to online patient education information can lead to more effective self‑careand disease management. However, the large amount of online information provided throughunknown ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Access to online patient education information can lead to more effective self‑careand disease management. However, the large amount of online information provided throughunknown or unreliable sources can challenge patients to trust and use this information. This studywas designed to examine the opinions of Iranian gastrointestinal patients about the quality of onlineinformation used.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A qualitative study was conducted using thematic analysis. Datawere gathered via a semi‑structured interview with 29 gastrointestinal patients, and data analysiswas performed by qualitative content analysis using open coding with MAXQDA 2018 software.RESULTS: Based on the study, 22 codes were extracted in nine subcategories named as: “Emphasison the identity of providers,” “Nature of online information,” “Distrust on online information,” “Poorquality of information,” “Giving misinformation,” “False impact,” “Improve communication,” “Positiveeffect on the patient,” “Better Diagnosis.”CONCLUSIONS: In the current situation, Iranian patients are not confident enough about the qualityof available online information. They believe that the use of current poor‑quality information hasnegative consequences. However, they tend to use online patient education materials are produced inPersian by reputable scientific authorities. Using online information can increase patients’ knowledgeand lead to better communication with medical staff and other similar patients. They can use thisinformation for self‑care with more confidence, and such an approach can also have significantbenefits for the national health system.

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Impact of relaxation therapy on premenstrual symptoms: A systematic review

. Ancy Jose; . Sabitha Nayak; . Aparna Rajesh; . Neetha Kamath; . Nalini M

Volume 12, Issue 11 , December 2022, Pages 1-11

Abstract

  Relaxation therapy (RT) is considered to be helpful in the management of symptoms of premenstrualsyndrome (PMS). This systematic review (SR) was conducted to find the impact of RT on ...  Read More Relaxation therapy (RT) is considered to be helpful in the management of symptoms of premenstrualsyndrome (PMS). This systematic review (SR) was conducted to find the impact of RT on PMSmanagement, which could be utilized in clinical and community populations. Five major databaseslike Google Scholar, PubMed, ResearchGate, Scopus, and Web of Science were used as searchengines. The Joanna Briggs Institute checklist is used to analyze the quality of articles selectedfor this review. Only 35 different studies among 71 relevant articles which focused on the topicwere selected for this SR. All of the 35 different trials reported that the selected RTs, namely LauraMitchell, Jacobson, Benson, relaxation unnamed, yoga, aerobic exercise, and massage, significantlydecreased PMS. The outcome of this SR suggests that the selected seven RTs effectively relievePMS and ensure a productive life for all reproductive women.

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Outcome of structured health education intervention for obesity‑risk reduction among junior high school students: Stratified cluster randomized controlled trial (RCT) in South India

. Jaun Z. Rizvi; . Pawan Kumar; . Muralidhar M. Kulkarni; . Asha Kamath

Volume 12, Issue 11 , December 2022, Pages 1-8

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Obesity has been identified as a serious global health concern whose prevalencedoubles almost every 10 years. Health education regarding physical activity and healthy diet ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Obesity has been identified as a serious global health concern whose prevalencedoubles almost every 10 years. Health education regarding physical activity and healthy diet impartedto adolescents could prove to be fruitful in reducing obesity‑risk. Objectives of this study were toevaluate the effect of health education intervention on knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP)regarding obesity‑risk reduction and to estimate the postinterventional change in body massindex (BMI) and total body fat (%) among adolescent school children in South India.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Stratified cluster randomized controlled trial was carried out among398 students recruited at baseline including 206 and 192 participants in intervention and controlgroup respectively selected through simple random sampling from eligible government aided andprivate schools to assess KAP regarding physical activity and diet using pretested and validatedquestionnaire by making three school visits 6 months apart. Anthropometric measurements wererecorded in first and third visit only, while health education intervention was given in first visit tointervention and third visit to control group after taking their responses on the questionnaire. Datawere entered and analyzed using SPSS version 15.RESULTS: Overall dropout rate was 13.5% with dropout in intervention and control group being12.6% and 14.5% respectively, making 180 participants in intervention and 164 in control groupavailable for analysis. Mean physical activity KAP score improved significantly from 16.19 ± 4.61to 19.46 ± 10.07 in intervention group. Mean dietary KAP score also improved significantly from21.38 ± 4.07 to 23.43 ± 4.53 in intervention group (p < 0.001). Mean BMI decreased significantlywithin intervention group (p < 0.001) as compared to control group (p = 0.908). Based on cut‑off levelfor total body fat (%) to categorize obesity‑risk among participants, statistically significant decline inproportions from 26.1% to 13.3% was observed in intervention group (p < 0.001).CONCLUSION: Results depicted better KAP in intervention group than control group in all the threevisits while it improved significantly within both groups. Hence, the health education was found tobe effective in improving the overall KAP regarding modifiable risk factors of obesity among thestudy participants. Further studies to screen the adolescents for obesity‑risk and successive healtheducation sessions must be carried within schools in order to bring about change in knowledge,attitude, and practices regarding obesity‑risk.

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Relationship between the development of musculoskeletal disorders, physical activity level, and academic stress among undergraduates students of University of Nigeria

. Uchenwoke Chigozie Ikenna; . Loveth Nwuka Nwobodo; . Antoninus Obinna Ezeukwu; . Ijeoma Judith Ilo; . Stephen Sunday Ede; . Adaora Justina Okemuo; . Chisom Favour Okoh

Volume 12, Issue 11 , December 2022, Pages 1-8

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Academic stress is a common experience among university students. It can affectthe body composition of the students through behavioral changes, which further affect their ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Academic stress is a common experience among university students. It can affectthe body composition of the students through behavioral changes, which further affect their physicalactivity level (PAL). Musculoskeletal disorders could arise from the interaction of these factors. Thisstudy aimed to determine the relationship between PAL, academic stress, selected anthropometricindices, and the development of MSDs among a selected Nigerian population.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a cross‑sectional study of 256 (129 females and 127 males)undergraduates of the University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus aged 15–30 years using Student’sStress Inventory to evaluate academic stress, the short‑form of the International Physical ActivityQuestionnaire to determine the PAL, and a Standard Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire toassess MSDs.RESULTS: The results showed a high PAL with the male students having more PAL (61.4%) thanfemale students. Secondly, the prevalence of MSDs among the population was high (66.02%)and the students faced moderate academic stress with the prevalence being more among thefemale students (75.2%). A significant difference was observed between academic stress and thedevelopment of MSDs (P = 0.009).CONCLUSION: This study’s findings support the hypothesis that increased academic stress and lowlevel of physical activity are linked to increased risks of MSDs among students. Thus, it is warrantedthat the University curriculum is re‑adjusted and incorporate public enlightenment programs onpossible causes and prevention of musculoskeletal disorders, stress management, and copingstrategies.

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Correlations of resilience with coping strategies, and the underlying factors in the nurses working in COVID‑19 hospitals

. Fatemeh Ruhabadi; . Abdolghader Assarroudi; . Neda Mahdavifar; . Mostafa Rad

Volume 12, Issue 11 , December 2022, Pages 1-6

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: As the core of a health‑care team, nurses play a key role in promoting communityhealth, and their job involves witnessing human suffering and pain in health‑care settings. ...  Read More BACKGROUND: As the core of a health‑care team, nurses play a key role in promoting communityhealth, and their job involves witnessing human suffering and pain in health‑care settings. The presentstudy aimed to evaluate the correlations between resilience coping strategies, and the underlyingfactors in the nurses working in COVID‑19 hospitals.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This descriptive, cross‑sectional study was conducted on 320 nursesworking in COVID‑19 wards for a minimum of 6 months in 2021. The participants were selectedvia multistage sampling. Data were collected using demographic, resilience, and coping strategyinstruments. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 20.RESULTS: The mean resilience score was 76.94 ± 11.33. The mean scores of emotion‑focusedand problem‑focused strategies were 59.65 ± 4.40 and 96.08 ± 5.38, respectively. The assessmentof the correlation between resilience with the emotion‑focused and problem‑focused strategiesshowed a positive significant correlation (r = 0.25; P < 0.001 and r = 0.33; P < 0.001, respectively).CONCLUSION: According to the results, the nurses working in COVID‑19 wards mostly adoptedproblem‑focused strategies in difficult work conditions depending on the required care provision.Both coping strategies significantly affected the subscales of resilience in the nurses. Therefore, it isrecommended that special attention be paid to teaching strategies to cope with anxiety and resilienceand develop problem‑solving skills in nursing personnel during the emergence and outbreak of newdiseases in order to reduce their anxiety.

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Chemotherapy administration checklist for patients receiving chemotherapy: Development and validation

. Gitika Miglani; . Ashok Kumar; . Vandna Pandey; . Puneet Pareek; . Shrikant K. Nair

Volume 12, Issue 11 , December 2022, Pages 1-6

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: With the increase in the number of new cancer cases, the number of patientsreceiving chemotherapy increases. The administration of chemotherapy is a very significant task.Unfortunately, ...  Read More BACKGROUND: With the increase in the number of new cancer cases, the number of patientsreceiving chemotherapy increases. The administration of chemotherapy is a very significant task.Unfortunately, the availability of a chemotherapy administration checklist still lags behind. The aimis to develop a chemotherapy administration checklist for patients receiving chemotherapy.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was conducted at the oncology day care and in‑patientdepartment (IPD) wards of the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan.Methodological research design was used in this study. It took place in five phases: preliminary phaseincludes literature review, focussed group discussion, assessment of current practices, generationof item pool, and preparation of preliminary draft; then its validation by modified Delphi technique,pilot testing; final try out, and evaluation phase. A total of 260 patients were enrolled.RESULTS: The content validity index was 0.97. To perform factor analysis and principal componentanalysis KMO and Bartlett’s test of sphericity was used, which allows the data for factor analysis toyield eight components. A total of 26 items were formulated. The scoring was done dichotomously;a score of 1 is for done and 0 for not done and not applicable. Cronbach’s alpha was used to findout the internal consistency of the checklist was found to be 0.72. For interrater reliability, the Cohenkappa’s value was found to be 0.91.CONCLUSIONS: Chemotherapy administration checklist was a valid and reliable checklist. Thischecklist is feasible and easy to incorporate into clinical practices.

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Psychometric properties of clinical competency assessment instruments for psychiatric nurses: A systematic review of literature

. Effat Sheikhbahaeddinzadeh; . Tahereh Ashktorab; . Abbas Ebadi

Volume 12, Issue 11 , December 2022, Pages 1-9

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Facilitating the healing process of patients with psychiatric disorders depends onhigh‑quality mental health care and expert psychiatric nurses. A valid tool is required ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Facilitating the healing process of patients with psychiatric disorders depends onhigh‑quality mental health care and expert psychiatric nurses. A valid tool is required to objectivelyevaluate the quality of performance and competency of psychiatric nurses. This systematic reviewaimed to investigate and critique the psychometric properties of some psychiatric nursing clinicalcompetency assessment instruments with Consensus‑based standards for the selection of healthstatus measurement instruments (COSMIN) checklist and according to Preferred Reporting Itemsfor Systematic Reviews and Meta‑analyses (PRISMA).MATERIALS AND METHODS: To retrieve published articles using Persian and English keywords“psychiatric nursing,” “competence,” “competency,” “tool,” “checklist,” “scale,” “questionnaire,”“psychiatric mental health nurse,” were searched in databases without time limitation. Then,psychometric properties of selected instruments were evaluated using the COSMIN checklist andreported according to the PRISMA statement.RESULTS: Most of these tools did not entirely and desirably report psychometric properties. It is notdesigned as a special tool for postgraduate psychiatric nursing.CONCLUSION: The methodology of existing instruments does not meet the COSMIN checklist criteria;therefore it needs to develop. To assess the competency of psychiatric nursing postgraduate, a tooltailored to the cultural and social context and with acceptable psychometric properties is necessary.

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Cognitive behavioral therapy as treatment intervention for aggressive behaviors in clients with intellectual disabilities and concomitant mental health conditions

. Matthew A. Orim; . Samuel O. Orim; . Philip O. Adeleke; . Essien E. Essien; . James E. Olayi; . Cecilia K. Essien; . Oluseyi A. Dada; . James A. Ewa; . Vitalis U. Eke; . Innocent U. Igba; . Raymond O. Ogar; . Valentine J. Owan

Volume 12, Issue 11 , December 2022, Pages 1-8

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Few researchers have examined the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapyin treating aggressive behaviors among individuals with dual diagnosis (intellectual disability ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Few researchers have examined the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapyin treating aggressive behaviors among individuals with dual diagnosis (intellectual disability andmental health conditions) due to the relatively recent interest in the field of psychopathology inintellectual disability. This study investigated the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy intreating aggressive behaviors among clients with dual diagnoses in a community rehabilitationcenter, Ibadan, Oyo state, and the moderating effects of parenting style and socioeconomic statusin the associations.MATERIALS AND METHOD: A 2 × 2 × 2 pre‑test post‑test factorial design was used. Parenting styleand socioeconomic status at two levels each moderated the associations. A sample of 22 participantspurposively selected was exposed to treatment using cognitive behavioral therapy, while the otherfive were exposed to placebo treatment all for 8 weeks. Data collected were analyzed using LineChart and Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA).RESULTS: Improvements were found in the post‑treatment scores obtained on the Aggressive Scalefor Youths. A reduction in the Aggressive Incidents chart was recorded for each participant in thetreatment group when compared with the control group, using a line chart and Analysis of Covariance(ANCOVA). Evidence also demonstrated that parenting style (authoritarian and authoritative), F (1,14)= 0.75, P <.05, η2 =0.05), and socioeconomic status (high and low), F (1,14) = 0.01, P =0.020, η2=.00), moderated the associations.CONCLUSION: Cognitive behavioral therapy is seen as a treatment intervention for individuals withintellectual disability co‑existing with mental health manifesting aggressive behaviors in the communityor other settings. This should be used to improve the client’s quality of life under these conditions.

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An exploratory study on the application of screening of activity limitation and safety awareness (SALSA) scale for evaluation of activity limitation among elderly

. Roshni Mary Peter; . Alex Joseph

Volume 12, Issue 11 , December 2022, Pages 1-6

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Aging poses a significant risk for activity and functional limitations. Problems amongaged populations are interrelated, and these problems can lead to other disorders and ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Aging poses a significant risk for activity and functional limitations. Problems amongaged populations are interrelated, and these problems can lead to other disorders and finally leavea negative impact on the quality of life (QoL) This study used the screening of activity limitation andsafety awareness (SALSA) scale to screen and measure activity limitations among the elderly.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A community‑based descriptive cross‑sectional study was conductedamong 928 elderly from the three districts of Tamil Nadu, India. The SALSA scale was administeredvia a door‑to‑door interview, and data analysis was carried out. Simple random sampling was used toobtain the study subjects in the selected study area. Chi‑square tests and binary logistic regressionwere performed to find the association between selected risk factors.RESULTS: Among the 928 elderly, 53.7% of them were males, 84.9% were between the age of 60and 69 years, and 31% were 70 years and above. The study found that 66.5% of the elderly havemild activity limitations, 15.7% of them had moderate limitations, 4.8% of them had severe limitations,around 3% of them had extreme limitations, and 10.3% of them had no significant limitations. The binarylogistic regression found people of age 65 and above (OR = 3.80), female gender (OR = 2.90), withhypertension (OR = 1.95), vision problem (OR = 1.92), decreased sensation of the foot (OR = 3.41),as the significant independent risk factors for activity limitation among the elderly.CONCLUSION: The study found self‑reported activity limitations among the elderly to be nearly 90%.The SALSA scale may be used as a handy tool to identify the activity limitation in community‑basedgeriatric checkups.

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The challenges of strategic management of the wastage produced due to earthquake in Kermanshah and Varzaghan-Ahar: A qualitative study

. Sadegh Kazemi; . Mehdi Mokhtari; . Aliakbar Vaezi; . Ibrahim Salmani; . Mohammad Hassan Ehrampoush; . Abbas Ali Dehghani Tafti; . Hossein Fallahzadeh; . Mojtaba Fattahi Ardakani

Volume 12, Issue 11 , December 2022, Pages 1-10

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Strategic management of the wastage produced due to earthquakes has facedmany challenges over the recent decade. Thus, the present study seeks to identify and explain thechallenges ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Strategic management of the wastage produced due to earthquakes has facedmany challenges over the recent decade. Thus, the present study seeks to identify and explain thechallenges in earthquake wastage strategic management.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present qualitative study has been steered through a contentanalysis approach and conducted using semi‑structured interviews and a purposive selection of 17professors, experts, and managers experienced in the field of waste management in Kermanshahand Varzaghan‑Ahar earthquakes over 2020‑2021. Besides, the interviews were initially categorizedusing MAXQDA18 software.RESULTS: Analysis of the experiences and perception regarding the changes in strategicmanagement of wastage produced due to Kermanshah and Varzaghan‑Ahar earthquakes revealed418 codes, 97 subcategories, 33 categories, and 8 main categories including management andleadership, organizational culture, planning, organizational learning, employee management, rulesand regulations, resource management, and procedure management.CONCLUSION: Strategic waste management has not been implemented in a coherent, integrated,and well‑planned manner in the cases of the Kermanshah and Varzaghan‑Ahar earthquakes. Thechallenges of strategic waste management turned out to be due to various reasons which will resultin many issues in achieving the goals and selecting the suitable method for resource and proceduremanagement should they not be managed well. Hence, policymakers, managers, and executors inthe field of crisis management and waste management in disasters ‑specifically earthquakes‑ musttake the necessary measures to remove these barriers.

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Investigating the effect of implementing a program based on transitional care model on the quality of life and the ability of doing activities of daily living among patients with stroke

. Samira Bavarsad; . Shahla Abolhassani; . Mohammad Saadatnia

Volume 12, Issue 11 , December 2022, Pages 1-7

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Stroke is one of the major causes of disability among individuals. Transitional careof a stroke patient can contribute to sustaining and enhancing the quality of care. The ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Stroke is one of the major causes of disability among individuals. Transitional careof a stroke patient can contribute to sustaining and enhancing the quality of care. The aim of thisstudy is to determine the effect of implementing a program based on the transitional care model onthe quality of life and ability of doing daily activities among patients suffering from stroke.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This research was an interventional study performed on 80 patientswith stroke referring to the hospitals affiliated with Isfahan University of medical sciences. For datacollection, demographic, quality of life measurement following stroke, and Bartell index of dailyactivity measurement questionnaires were used at the beginning of the study and 10 weeks followingdischarge. The transitional care model was undertaken for the intervention group from the secondday of hospitalization until 10 weeks postdischarge. The data were analyzed using SPSS softwareand statistical methods.RESULTS: The results indicated that the mean quality of life and ability of performing the activitieschanged significantly after the intervention between the two groups, with the mean changes of thesescores becoming significant compared to the preintervention between the two groups (P < 0.05). Inboth groups, the mean value of these scores increased after the study compared to the baseline,though this increase was greater in the intervention group.CONCLUSION: Implementing the transitional care model could contribute to improving the qualityof life and performing the daily activities among stroke patients.Keywords:BACKGROUND: Stroke is one of the major causes of disability among individuals. Transitional careof a stroke patient can contribute to sustaining and enhancing the quality of care. The aim of thisstudy is to determine the effect of implementing a program based on the transitional care model onthe quality of life and ability of doing daily activities among patients suffering from stroke.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This research was an interventional study performed on 80 patientswith stroke referring to the hospitals affiliated with Isfahan University of medical sciences. For datacollection, demographic, quality of life measurement following stroke, and Bartell index of dailyactivity measurement questionnaires were used at the beginning of the study and 10 weeks followingdischarge. The transitional care model was undertaken for the intervention group from the secondday of hospitalization until 10 weeks postdischarge. The data were analyzed using SPSS softwareand statistical methods.RESULTS: The results indicated that the mean quality of life and ability of performing the activitieschanged significantly after the intervention between the two groups, with the mean changes of thesescores becoming significant compared to the preintervention between the two groups (P < 0.05). Inboth groups, the mean value of these scores increased after the study compared to the baseline,though this increase was greater in the intervention group.CONCLUSION: Implementing the transitional care model could contribute to improving the qualityof life and performing the daily activities among stroke patients.

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