Authors
1 Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran, Department of Psychiatry, Shahid Beheshti Hospital, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
2 Department of Psychiatry, Shahid Beheshti Hospital, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
3 Medical Informatics Research Center, Institute for Future Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Psychological disorders, such as depression and anxiety, are common among
individuals who have experienced coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‑19); however, diagnosis may
be challenging and subjected to invalidity. This study aimed to examine agreement between online
self‑assessment and psychiatric telephone interview among COVID‑19 survivors.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross‑sectional descriptive study was carried out from March
to June 2021 in Afzalipour Hospital, Kerman, Iran. The inpatients confirmed with COVID‑19 were
contacted within the first week after discharge and were asked to fill the Hospital Anxiety and
Depression scale (HADS) and socio‑demography questionnaire. They were later interviewed using
Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM‑D) and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM‑A). Agreement
between the data extracted from self‑report and telephone interview was analyzed using Cohen’s
kappa coefficient, sensitivity, and specificity.
RESULTS: Out of 200 post‑COVID patients, 60 participants completed all assessments. Prevalence
of depression was observed to be 88% via telephone interview and 45% via self‑assessment.
Moreover, 83% of the participants were diagnosed with anxiety according to the telephone interview,
in comparison to 31% diagnosed with anxiety using self‑report questionnaire. The agreement between
online self‑assessment and telephone interview for depression and anxiety was not significant
(κ = 0.08 and κ = 0.1, respectively).
CONCLUSION: The discordance between online self‑report and clinician’s assessment via phone
contact interview indicates that using self‑report evaluations is not sufficient as the single assessment
tool for mental health monitoring and reflects the need to employ multiple assessments for diagnosis
of psychiatric problems in pandemics.
Keywords
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