Journal of Education and Health Promotion

Sub‑optimal knowledge with positive attitude and belief of frontline health workers toward the use of information technologies: A mixed‑method study from rural Haryana, India

Authors

. Ramadass Sathiyamoorthy
. Ankit Chandra 1
. Sagar Poudel 1
. Rakesh Kumar 1
Harshal R. Salve . 1
. Kapil Yadav 1
. Shashi Kant 2
. Ballabgarh Teaching and Research Group 2

1 Centre for Community Medicine (CCM), All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India

2 Centre for Community Medicine (CCM), All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS),

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Information technology (IT) can be used by frontline health workers (FLWs) to
connect and deliver care to the community. Various studies in India have assessed the beneficial
impact of IT usage by FLWs, but for the long‑term sustainability, the attitude and belief toward IT
usage have not been adequately studied. We conducted this study to assess the knowledge and
attitude and to explore the beliefs of FLWs toward the use of IT in a rural area of Haryana.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a mixed‑method study (qualitative and quantitative
approach) in a rural setting of Haryana, India. We included FLWs of two primary health centers (PHCs).
Data were collected from October 19, 2020 to December 31, 2020. We collected data from 75 accredited
social health activists (ASHAs), 37 Anganwadi workers (AWWs), 28 multi‑purpose workers (MPWs),
two information assistants, and two medical officers using a semi‑structured interview schedule. Their
knowledge about the benefits of IT use, past use of IT applications and devices, and self‑rating of
knowledge regarding computers or laptops were collected. We used 14 attitude statements, each with
a five‑point Likert scale to assess the attitude; a total score ≥35 was considered a positive attitude.
We conducted eight focus group discussions (FGDs) to explore the beliefs regarding IT usage (four
FGDs with ASHAs, two FGDs with AWWs, and two FGDs with MPWs). A descriptive analysis was
performed for the quantitative data, and a thematic analysis was performed for qualitative data.
RESULTS: Knowledge about the benefits of IT use was present among 77.8% of FLWs. Among
the FLWs, 79.2% self‑rated their knowledge of computers/laptops as ‘do not have knowledge’, 16%
self‑rated as ‘low knowledge’, and 4.8% self‑rated as ‘good knowledge’. The median total score for
attitude statements among all the FLWs (n = 144) was 54 [inter‑quartile range – 48–59]. Four themes
emerged for beliefs toward IT usage, namely, positive beliefs, negative beliefs, challenges anticipated
in adopting IT use, and facilitation factors. The positive beliefs were related to improvement in work
efficiency and social status, less paperwork, timely report generation, and better learning. The negative
beliefs were related to an increase in working hours, close monitoring, and feeling over‑burdened.
CONCLUSION: We found that FLWs had knowledge regarding the benefits of IT use, but they
lacked knowledge regarding laptop/computer use. They had a satisfactory level of confidence in
using smartphones, and most of them were using mobile applications. The majority of the FLWs had
a positive attitude and beliefs toward IT use and wanted to use it in the future.

Keywords

Attitude
health
information technology
knowledge
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Journal of Education and Health Promotion
Volume 12, Issue 11
December 2022
Pages 1-9

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