Journal of Education and Health Promotion

Performance payment challenges for family physician program

. Bahram Delgoshaei; . Soudabeh Vatankhah; . Amin Sarabandi

Volume 10, Issue 8 , August 2020, Pages 1-7

Abstract

  CONTEXT: Payment mechanisms are one of the effective tools for achieving optimal results inhealth system. Pay for performance (P4P) is one of the best programs to enhance the quality ...  Read More CONTEXT: Payment mechanisms are one of the effective tools for achieving optimal results inhealth system. Pay for performance (P4P) is one of the best programs to enhance the quality ofhealth services through financial incentives. Considering of implementing family physician programin Iran and the P4P system, it is essential to address the challenges of implementing P4P systemin the family physician program.AIMS: This study aimed to investigate the challenges of implementation of P4P system in familyphysician program.SETTINGS AND DESIGN: The qualitative study was carried out at areas covered by Iran Universityof Medical Sciences in Tehran, Iran.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The semi‑structured interview was conducted on 32 key informantsin 2019. The sampling method was determined based on purposeful sampling. The topic guideof interviews was experiences in implementing of family physician program and challenges ofimplementing P4P system. Participants had least 5‑year experience in the family physician program.STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: A framework analysis was used to analyze the data using thesoftware MAXQDA 10.RESULTS: The current study identified 7 themes, 14 subthemes, and 46 items related to thechallenges to successful implementation of P4P systems in the family physician program includingfamily physicians’ workload, family physician training, promoting family physician program, payingto the family physician team, assessment and monitoring systems, information management, andthe level of authority of family physicians.CONCLUSION: The study results demonstrated notable challenges for successful implementationof P4P system which can helpful to managers and policymakers.

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Status, role, and performance of emergency medicine specialists in Iran: A qualitative study

. Hamid Ravaghi; . Ali Nasiri; . Afsaneh Takbiri; . Samaneh Heidari

Volume 10, Issue 8 , August 2020, Pages 1-8

Abstract

  INTRODUCTION: The performance of the emergency department (ED) as one of the main parts ofhospitals, have a great impact on the performance of the whole‑hospital. In Iran, the official ...  Read More INTRODUCTION: The performance of the emergency department (ED) as one of the main parts ofhospitals, have a great impact on the performance of the whole‑hospital. In Iran, the official educationprogram of this discipline was started in 2001 and has expanded in most medical universities. Giventhe unprecedentedness of emergency medicine (EM), there are limited studies about this specialty.Thus, this study aims to explore the status, role, and performance of Iranian EM specialists.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This qualitative study was conducted using content analysis of 19semi‑structured interviews with EM specialists and key informant. Purposive sampling was conducted,and some teaching and nonstate hospitals in different geographic regions of Tehran city were selected.Conducting interviews continued until reaching the data saturation. Thematic analysis was employed.Extracted themes were reviewed and confirmed by some of the participants.RESULTS: The study results were categorized within five main themes; included the role of EDfrom EM specialists’ viewpoint, EM specialists’ viewpoint on their discipline, performance of EMspecialists (including medical, managerial, and economic performance), and role of EM specialistsin patient satisfaction; and opportunities and challenges of EM specialists.CONCLUSION: Overall, the study findings highlighted the effectiveness and positive medical,managerial and economic impacts of EM in Iran, inside and beyond hospitals. However, thestudy addressed significant opportunities some solvable challenges in educational, professionaland economic domains, and interdisciplinary relationships. Further studies are recommended forcomprehensive exploring viewpoint of other disciplines and stakeholders.

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The relationship between hostility and anger with coronary heart disease in patients

. Bahman Sadeghi; . Hamideh Mashalchi; . Sahar Eghbali; . Mina Jamshidi; . Mina Golmohammadi; . Tayebeh Mahvar

Volume 10, Issue 8 , August 2020, Pages 1-4

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease accounts for 40% of the world’s fatality and afteraccidents and traumas, is the second leading cause of death in Iran. Given the role of psychologicalcharacteristics ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease accounts for 40% of the world’s fatality and afteraccidents and traumas, is the second leading cause of death in Iran. Given the role of psychologicalcharacteristics such as hostility and anger in the development of certain behaviors and habits affectingheart problems, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between hostility and anger withcoronary artery disease.METHODOLOGY: In this cross‑sectional study, 320 patients referring to the hospital with coronaryartery stenosis enrolled in the study and were available for angiography. Data collection toolsincluded demographic and disease status questionnaires and aggression questionnaire. The datawere analyzed by SPSS software version 16, and Spearman’s correlation coefficient, Student’s t‑,and one‑way analysis of variance tests was used for the statistical analysis.RESULTS: In this case, we have the following. Out of 302 cases, 183 were males and 119 werefemales. One hundred and ninety‑seven patients with coronary artery disease and 105 patients withangiography had no coronary artery disease.CONCLUSION: People with coronary artery disease and healthy controls had no significantdifferences in demographic characteristics, history of illness, and education. Furthermore, there wasno statistically significant relationship between hostility and anger with vasoconstriction. Since there isno relationship between hostility and anger with coronary artery disease, further studies are neededto investigate the presence of mediating variables to design appropriate and preventive interventions.

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Parental influences on medical students’ self‑efficacy and career exploration in collectivist culture

. Afifah Jasmon; . Fitria Masturah; . Nicho Saputra Nugraha; . Rizma Adlia Syakurah; . Azzahra Afifah; . Reynold Siburian

Volume 10, Issue 8 , August 2020, Pages 1-5

Abstract

  INTRODUCTION: Families, especially parents, play an important role in identifying their children’stalents and directing their educational journey. The role of parents in their ...  Read More INTRODUCTION: Families, especially parents, play an important role in identifying their children’stalents and directing their educational journey. The role of parents in their children career appliesboth to collectivist and to noncollectivist culture.AIM: To examine the correlation between parental influences on medical students’ self‑efficacy andcareer exploration in collectivist culture.METHODS: This research was a quantitative study. The study involved 1017 medical students ofmedical faculties in four faculties of medicine in Indonesia. All data were collected online in August2018. The study was conducted using an online survey questionnaire and analyzed to finally form amodel that displays the determinants of career exploration behavior. The data were analyzed usingthe maximum likelihood estimation in IBM AMOS 24.RESULTS: The results found a model that has various routes toward career exploration in collectivistculture. Path analysis revealed both direct and direct effect toward the variable studied. Parents’expectations had influence on self‑efficacy.CONCLUSION: The findings show the important role between the influence of parents expectationsfor self‑efficacy and career exploration in children.

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Improvement of osteoporosis‑related behaviors in female students based on trans theoretical model

. Vahid Kohpeima Jahromi; . Sepide Bahlouli Ghashghaei; . Nader Sharifi

Volume 10, Issue 8 , August 2020, Pages 1-6

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Osteoporosis is one of the major problems associated with aging and is morecommon among women than men. This study was designed to modify osteoporosis‑related behaviorsin ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Osteoporosis is one of the major problems associated with aging and is morecommon among women than men. This study was designed to modify osteoporosis‑related behaviorsin female students based on the transtheoretical model (TTM).MATERIALS AND METHODS: This quasi‑experimental study was conducted on femalesecondary school students. The sample size was determined 100 by using Altman’s nomogram,including 50 cases and 50 controls. Participants were completed the Demographic Information andOsteoporosis‑Related Behavior Questionnaire based on TTM. Evaluation of the data showed thateach participant was at what stage of change in physical activity and preventive dietary behaviorof osteoporosis. The content of the training package was designed, and for the intervention group,2‑h training sessions were held weekly by the instructor in accordance with the stage of changefor 2 months, and the booklet was provided with the appropriate contents of the stage of change.Three months after the completion of training, the questionnaires were completed by interventionand control groups. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 23 software.RESULTS: Concerning the stages of change in physical activity and nutrition, a significant differencewas before and after the intervention in the intervention group (P < 0.001), while no significantdifference was observed in the control group. After the intervention, there was a significant differencein the self‑efficacy and some subconstruct of processes of change, but there wasnot a significantdifference in the decisional balance.CONCLUSION: Educational intervention based on TTM has been successful in achieving the goal ofmodifying osteoporosis‑related behaviors in female students. The results of this study can be usedby health planners to plan and implement health promotion interventions that will undoubtedly helpreduce the burden of disease.

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Competences of academic librarians in providing health research services: A qualitative study

. Maedeh Esmailzadeh; . Masoud Bahrami; . Mohammad Reza Soleymani

Volume 10, Issue 8 , August 2020, Pages 1-7

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: One of the most important responsibilities of today’s university libraries is supportingresearch activities. The present research is aimed at explaining the librarians’ ...  Read More BACKGROUND: One of the most important responsibilities of today’s university libraries is supportingresearch activities. The present research is aimed at explaining the librarians’ competencies inproviding research services for researchers of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was performed in 2018 with a qualitative approach andconventional content analysis. The participants were 18 faculty members, students, and librariansselected by purposive sampling. Data collection was done by 18 semi‑structured interviews.Continuous data analysis was performed by conventional content analysis.RESULTS: According to the participants’ experiences, two major categories were recognized,including “general competencies” and “specialized competencies.” The general competenciescategory included three subcategories of communication skill, professional ethics, and basic abilities.The specialized competencies category included six subcategories of information resource retrievaland evaluation, using research software, research assistance, intellectual property literacy, scientificpublication literacy, scientometrics, and altmetrics.CONCLUSION: According to the participants’ experiences, university librarians need specializedcompetencies in addition to basic and transdisciplinary abilities. It is suggested for research managersand policymakers to plan for empowering librarians regarding the results of the present study.

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The Iranian female high‑school student’s knowledge and attitude toward breastfeeding

. Sharareh Jannesari; . Mohammad Ali Hosseini; . Nahid Khodakarami

Volume 10, Issue 8 , August 2020, Pages 1-9

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Breastfeeding is not only a perfect food for the infant but also is a living fluid withmany features. It provides the infant’s physical growth and is responsive to ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Breastfeeding is not only a perfect food for the infant but also is a living fluid withmany features. It provides the infant’s physical growth and is responsive to its emotional needs.Since determining the knowledge and attitude of girls in this period and promoting, it is consideredas the main principle in motivating them for choosing this method in future.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This descriptive‑correlational study was conducted to determinethe knowledge and attitude of 630 high‑school students on breastfeeding at a selected public highschool in Tehran, Iran in 2018. A researcher‑made questionnaire was administered to collect thedata, to determine the validity of the tool; content validity was used and to determine its reliability,a test re‑test method was applied. Data were analyzed by the nonparametric tests of Chi‑square,multiple comparisons, and Spearman correlation coefficient.RESULTS: The results showed that 80.3% had moderate knowledge. The mean score of knowledgein the human sciences group was significantly higher than others. Furthermore, the attitude of22.5% of girls was positive, 77.5% had no idea, none of them had negative attitudes. There was astatistically significant difference between the mean score of attitude of the students in groups ofknowledge (good, moderate, and weak) (P < 0.01), and multiple comparison tests showed that thepositive attitude score in the moderate knowledge group was more than the attitude score in weakand good knowledge.CONCLUSION: The results indicate that there is an unbiased attitude about the moderate knowledgeof different aspects of breastfeeding among pre university students, although they have a moderateknowledge on a complete and successful breast feeding.

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The effectiveness of in‑service training “pharmacopeia home health” based on Kirkpatrick’s model: A quasi‑experimental study

. Mahtab Firooznia; . Amir Hamta; . Sareh Shakerian

Volume 10, Issue 8 , August 2020, Pages 1-5

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Assessing the effectiveness of in‑service training courses in order to achievethe desired goals and reduce the waste of costs and opportunities in the system is necessary. ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Assessing the effectiveness of in‑service training courses in order to achievethe desired goals and reduce the waste of costs and opportunities in the system is necessary. Thepurpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the “pharmacopeia home health” courseconsidering its importance in different aspects using the Kirkpatrick model.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study was a quasi‑experimental conducted at communityhealth workers (CHWs) on three levels of reaction, learning, and behavior. In each phase, a validquestionnaire was used to measure the outcome according to the Ministry of Health guidelines withpretest and posttest measurements. The data were analyzed through SPSS 23, using descriptivestatistics and repeated measures test and general linear model.RESULTS: The results of the study showed that at the level of reaction in terms of content andholding, conditions of implementation were favorable. Findings at the level of learning showedthat the training course was only effective in enhancing the knowledge and awareness about drugmaintenance and had no significant effect on other areas. In the third level, the results of the CHWs’performance showed that in some areas, the results were influenced by the demographic variables.CONCLUSION: The present study showed the effectiveness of education in different areas usingon the Kirkpatrick model. Given the lack of impact of education in some areas in the present studyand on the other, it is necessary to consider cooperative learning methods in order to develop theeffectiveness of the courses.

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Depression affects autonomic system of the body? Yes, it does!

. Sheena Singla; . Shikha Jhamb; . Kamal Dev Singh; . Avnish Kumar

Volume 10, Issue 8 , August 2020, Pages 1-7

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Depression is a disorder of the brain, a state of low mood and aversion to activitythat can affect a person’s thoughts, behavior, feelings, and sense of well‑being ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Depression is a disorder of the brain, a state of low mood and aversion to activitythat can affect a person’s thoughts, behavior, feelings, and sense of well‑being and can causealteration in sympathetic activity of the body, thus affecting heart rate variability (HRV).AIM: The study was conducted to determine the effects of depression on HRV parameters in clinicallyknown cases of depression.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross‑sectional (observational) study was conducted on fifty knownpatients of depression, aged 18–65 years, and fifty healthy, age‑matched, normal controls. HRV testwas conducted, and the results were analyzed statistically using Student’s “t”‑test for equal variance,for various parameters.RESULTS: The study showed that the differences in mean R‑R interval(s), mean HR (beats/min),very low frequency (VLF) power (milliseconds squared [ms2]), and low frequency/high frequency(LF/HF) power (%) (LF/HF ratio) among controls and cases were statistically highly significant, whilethe differences in LF power (ms2) in controls and cases were statistically significant. However, thedifferences in basic anthropometric parameters, STD (standard deviation of the normal to normal)(s),root mean square successive difference (ms), NN50 (count), pNN50 (%), VLF peak (Hz), LF peak (Hz),HF peak (Hz), HF power (ms2), VLF power (%), LF power (%), HF power (%), LF power (nu), andHF power (nu) were found to be statistically insignificant.CONCLUSION: Depression leads to changes in autonomic control of the body and changes theautonomic balance in favor of an increased sympathetic tone, which can be detected with fairaccuracy with HRV analysis.

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The challenges of supporting nursing students in clinical education

. Seyedeh Roghayeh Jafarian-Amiri; . Ali Zabihi; . Mojtaba Qanbari Qalehsari

Volume 10, Issue 8 , August 2020, Pages 1-6

Abstract

  Clinical education requires creating a supportive atmosphere for learners and nursing students, whoneed support to be prepared for their future profession. The purpose of this study ...  Read More Clinical education requires creating a supportive atmosphere for learners and nursing students, whoneed support to be prepared for their future profession. The purpose of this study is to investigatethe challenges of supporting the nursing students in clinical education. This article reviewed studiesconducted between 2009 and 2019 with the keywords including support, challenge, students,education, and nursing using SID, Magiran, IranMedex, Google Scholar, Elsevier, and PubMed asdatabases. Among the 926 articles obtained during the two review stages, which were based on theinclusion and exclusion criteria and the first one analyzed the title and the abstract and the secondone analyzed the whole article, ultimately 32 articles were selected for the study. The types of articlesused in this study are as follows: qualitative (16 articles), descriptive analytical and cross‑sectional (12articles), review (3 articles), and mixed‑methods (1 article). The focus of all studies was on thestudents’ clinical education environment. The participants of the studies were undergraduate nursingstudents (in 22 articles), graduate students (in 2 articles), nursing instructors and students (in 4articles), and nursing instructors and managers (in 1 article). Most of the challenges of supporting thestudents included violence, fear, and anxiety; socio‑cultural challenges, environmental‑organizationalstresses; and ineffective clinical education. The findings of this study showed that nursing studentsface many challenges in the clinical setting. Therefore, the managers of educational and health‑carecenters should give a high priority to their students’ support programs.

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Investigating the relationship between social support and quality of life in the elderly

. Kamele Moghadam; . Roya Mansour‑Ghanaei; . Mohammad Esmaeilpour‑Bandboni; . Zahra Atrkar‑Roshan

Volume 10, Issue 8 , August 2020, Pages 1-5

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Dynamic aging depends on providing opportunities to improve the quality of lifeof the elderly. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between social ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Dynamic aging depends on providing opportunities to improve the quality of lifeof the elderly. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between social supportand quality of life in the elderly in Guilan.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This descriptive‑correlational study was conducted in the elderlywho visited urban public places in the East of Guilan (mosques, parks, weekly markets, and clubs).A total of 168 elderly who met the inclusion criteria were selected through two‑stage, cluster, andconvenience sampling. Data were collected using Phillips Standard 23‑item social support scaleand 12‑item quality of life scale‑short form. Data were analyzed through descriptive and inferentialstatistics (Pearson correlation coefficient).RESULTS: The mean score of social support in the elderly in Guilan was 73.25 ± 9.18 and the meanquality of life was obtained at 24.67 ± 7.06. Data analysis showed that there was a significant andpositive correlation between social support and quality of life (r = 0.29, P < 0.0001).CONCLUSIONS: Increased social support leads to a higher quality of life in the elderly. Thus, it isnecessary to timely identify the needs and promote comprehensive social support to improve thequality of life in the elderly.

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Assessment of performance in teaching hospitals: Using multicriteria decision‑making techniques

. Mehdi Jafari; . Maryam Seyedjavadi; . Rouhollah Zaboli

Volume 10, Issue 8 , August 2020, Pages 1-5

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: It is essential to evaluate the performance of hospitals in the health system.Hospitals need a performance evaluation system to develop and compete in order to measure theefficiency ...  Read More BACKGROUND: It is essential to evaluate the performance of hospitals in the health system.Hospitals need a performance evaluation system to develop and compete in order to measure theefficiency and effectiveness of their programs, processes, and human resources. This study aimedto evaluate the performance of teaching hospitals using the Technique for Order of Preference bySimilarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method and hierarchical analysis.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a cross‑sectional and descriptive study conducted in 2019in all teaching hospitals affiliated to Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. The requireddata were collected using a standard checklist. The collected data were analyzed using the analytichierarchy process (AHP) and TOPSIS. In the first phase, annual indicators of hospital evaluationwere collected. Following the AHP, key performance indicators (KPIs) were selected and prioritizedin hospitals.RESULTS: The questionnaires were provided to 15 experts to weigh KPIs, and the most importantindicators were selected. The results of hierarchical analysis showed that three main indicators inevaluating the performance of hospitals were bed turnover rate, emergency clients, and length of stay.CONCLUSIONS: One of the problems in evaluating hospitals is the use of key indicators thatalone measure the quantity or quality of their performance. Multicriteria decision‑making can beused to determine key indicators first, and then by combining these indicators into a multicriteriadecision‑making model, a better assessment of the role and performance of hospitals can be provided.

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Harnessing the potential of uploading health educational materials on medical institutions’ social media for controlling emerging and re‑emerging disease outbreaks

. Sudip Bhattacharya; . Neha Sharma; . Kyle Hoedebecke; . Md Mahbub Hossain; . Özden Gökdemir; . Amarjeet Singh

Volume 10, Issue 8 , August 2020, Pages 1-3

Abstract

    Read More

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An interesting result of a qualitative research: Academic exhaustion barrier to professionalism in medical students

. Zohrehsadat Mirmoghtadaie; . Soleiman Ahmady; . Noushin Kohan; . Tayebeh Rakhshani

Volume 10, Issue 8 , August 2020, Pages 1-7

Abstract

  INTRODUCTION: Professionalism is an important measure of the efficacy of the medical education.Some studies showed that dominant values changed during clinical education, and some negativevalues ...  Read More INTRODUCTION: Professionalism is an important measure of the efficacy of the medical education.Some studies showed that dominant values changed during clinical education, and some negativevalues might replace positive ones. In this regard, this study aimed to explore barrier to professionalismin clinical medical education.METHODS: This was a qualitative study conducted with the content analysis method. A total of 34interviews with 23 participants were done.RESULTS: Two hundred forty‑eight original codes were extracted from the research data, which wereclassified under the theme of “Academic Exhaustion” and the four following categories: “stressfulenvironment, “human conflict,” “Poor Inter professional collaboration,” and “emotional exhaustion.”DISCUSSION: It can be admitted that having full knowledge of the factors influencing professionalismfrom the viewpoint of stakeholders can improve the environmental and organizational conditions toprevent professional misconduct.

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Marriage, a way to achieve relaxing evolution: A grounded theory investigation

. Zeinab Tavakol; . Zahra Behboodi Moghadam; . Alireza Nikbakht Nasrabadi

Volume 10, Issue 8 , August 2020, Pages 1-8

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Marital satisfaction is a complex of feelings, which includes pleasure, satisfaction,and pleasure experienced by the husband or wife in all aspects of marriage, and it is ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Marital satisfaction is a complex of feelings, which includes pleasure, satisfaction,and pleasure experienced by the husband or wife in all aspects of marriage, and it is an importantpart of individual health, especially mental health. This qualitative study was conducted to understandmarital satisfaction using grounded theory on couples.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This qualitative study was implemented using grounded theory basedon Corbin and Strauss, 2008, to investigate the process of marital satisfaction formation amongcouples from 2014 to 2016. The sampling was started as purposeful and continued as theoretical. Thedata were obtained using semi‑structured interviews. 28 interviews were taken from 25 participants;MAXQDA software was used to facilitate the organization of classes and subclasses.RESULTS: The central variable of this study was called “toward a relaxing evolution.” On thataccount, the main classes included “supportive companionship” and “responsible love,” and variablesof “personality traits,” “interactive relationships,” “economic status,” “passage of time,” and “presentresources in society” provided the basis for the formation of marital satisfaction.CONCLUSION: To achieve marital satisfaction, couples should set their family’s ultimate goal towardachieving a relaxing evolution for the entire family, and they should accompany each other in orderto achieve that goal. This sometimes requires sacrifice and forgiveness to achieve the ultimate goalof the family.

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Prevalence of body image concern among schoolgirls aged 12–17 years in Iran

. Parastoo Baharvand; . Farideh Malekshahi; . Pariya Mahdiyan

Volume 10, Issue 8 , August 2020, Pages 1-6

Abstract

  BACKGROUND/AIM: Adolescent girls’ concerns about their body images can negatively affect theirsocial and academic performance. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of ...  Read More BACKGROUND/AIM: Adolescent girls’ concerns about their body images can negatively affect theirsocial and academic performance. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of body imageconcern (BIC) in adolescent schoolgirls in Iran and its risk factors.PATIENTS AND METHODS: This epidemiological study with cross‑sectional design was conductedin 2018 on 396 middle schoolgirls aged 12–17 years (mean age = 14 years) living in Khorramabad,Iran. For screening BIC, the Persian version of BIC inventory (BICI) was used. Their birth order,school grade, school type, father’s education, and household income were also recorded. Collecteddata were analyzed in SPSS v. 18 software using descriptive statistics and Chi‑square test.RESULTS: Of 396 girls, 106 (26.8%) had BIC, 89 (84%) reported moderate BIC, and 17 (16%)severe BIC. Their mean BICI score was 40.84 ± 12.93 (out of 42). Most of them reported to spenda significant amount of time checking their appearance in the mirror (n = 81, 20.5%) and examiningflaws in their appearance (n = 74, 18.7%). A few of them were embarrassed to leave the housebecause of the appearance and avoided from looking at the appearance in the mirror (n = 6, 1.5%).There was no significant difference in BIC severity in terms of birth order, school grade, school type,father’s education, and household income factors (P > 0.05).CONCLUSION: The prevalence of BIC among schoolgirls in Iran is high. Appropriate therapeuticinterventions should be carried out to improve their quality of life, mental health, and self‑esteem toreduce the BIC prevalence.

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Lockdown of colleges and universities due to COVID-19: Any impact on the educational system in India?

. Ravi Chandra Ravi

Volume 10, Issue 8 , August 2020, Pages 1-3

Abstract

  Pneumonia triggered by novel corona virus (SARS-CoV-2) in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 isan extremely contagious disease. The WHO has stated the outbreak of COVID-19 (corona virus)as ...  Read More Pneumonia triggered by novel corona virus (SARS-CoV-2) in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 isan extremely contagious disease. The WHO has stated the outbreak of COVID-19 (corona virus)as a pandemic issue. Corona virus cases started increasing day by day in India, also from the timethe first case was diagnosed on January 30, 2020. In this regard, there are so many colleges anduniversities across India which cancelled or rescheduled their academic activities such as conferences,workshops, and other academic and sports activities. Because the universities and colleges shouldprotect and take care of their students and faculty in this regard. In this brief communication, I wouldlike to give an idea on the potential impact of the dangerous COVID-19 outbreak on the educationsystem and mental health of students and staff.

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A comparison of learning styles of undergraduate health‑care professional students at the beginning, middle, and end of the educational course over a 4‑year study period (2015–2018)

. Hamid Reza Koohestani; . Nayereh Baghcheghi

Volume 10, Issue 8 , August 2020, Pages 1-6

Abstract

  BACKGROUND AND AIM: There is a growing interest in learning styles of undergraduate health‑careprofessional students; however, the evidences about learning styles over time during ...  Read More BACKGROUND AND AIM: There is a growing interest in learning styles of undergraduate health‑careprofessional students; however, the evidences about learning styles over time during undergraduateprograms are rare. In this study, the learning styles of undergraduate health‑care professionalstudents from the beginning to the completion of the program were examined to determine changesin learning style over time.METHODOLOGY: This is a longitudinal descriptive study from 2015 to 2018. A total of 101 health‑careprofessional students were selected by census method. Learning styles were evaluated using thePerceptual Learning‑Style Preference Questionnaire three times in the study at the beginning (T1),the middle (T2), and the end of the educational course (T3). The data were analyzed using repeatedmeasures ANOVA.RESULTS: In T1, auditory (mean = 13.99) and visual (mean = 13.54) styles were preferred as majorlearning styles, whereas at T2, visual style (mean = 13.6) was the only preferred major learningstyle. At T3, the major learning styles were kinesthetic (mean = 14.32), tactile (mean = 13.98), andvisual (mean = 13.58). There were statistically significant differences in auditory, kinesthetic, tactileand group scale scores between the three time points (P < 0.05). Group learning style was in thenegative type at all three time points.CONCLUSIONS: Learning styles can change depending on the context, environment, teachingmethod, and the subject of learning material and are probably a flexible changing feature rather thana fixed inherent feature a student possesses.

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Knowledge and attitude on infant oral health among graduating medical students in kulasekaram

. P. Chellaih; . G. Sivadas; . V. K. Vaishnavi Vedam

Volume 10, Issue 8 , August 2020, Pages 1-4

Abstract

  AIM: This study was intended to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes regarding infant’s oral healthcare among graduating medical students from Kulasekaram, Tamil Nadu.MATERIALS ...  Read More AIM: This study was intended to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes regarding infant’s oral healthcare among graduating medical students from Kulasekaram, Tamil Nadu.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional survey research design was employed in thisstudy. Self-administered questionnaire of the validated “Graduating medical students’ Knowledge andAttitudes Survey Regarding Infant’s oral health care” were utilized to ascertain the baseline levels ofknowledge and attitudes of graduating medical students’ in Kulasekaram hospital. In this regard, apreliminary study with a convenience sample of 100 medical students was conducted so as to assessthe knowledge of infant oral health care among graduating medical students in Kulasekaram. Thisstudy, while limited in sample size, benefits the general practitioners as target readers to assess theabnormalities in children at early stages of life.RESULTS: The results of the study revealed that the mean percentage score overall was 65.7%.Only 3.2% of participants obtained a passing score of 80% or greater. Widespread knowledge deficitsand poor attitudes among graduating medical students were noted in this study, particularly in thedomain of pharmacological management of pain. Positive correlations were observed between therespondents’ score and level of education. Further analysis revealed respondents had an inaccurateself-evaluation of their pain management knowledge.CONCLUSION: The results of this study reveal that there is dearth of knowledge and attitudes ofgraduating medical students’ regarding infant oral health care. Educational and quality improvementinitiatives in oral health care of infants could enhance medical student’s knowledge baseline in thearea of oral health care and possibly improve practices.

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The relationship between hope and happiness with prenatal care

. Elham Sadat Hoseini; . Raziyeh Rahmati; . Fatemeh Shaghaghi; . Marjan Beigi; . Zahra Mohebbi‑Dehnavi

Volume 10, Issue 8 , August 2020, Pages 1-6

Abstract

  INTRODUCTION: Prenatal care refers to proper and principled implementation aimed at maintaininga healthy pregnancy in terms of physical health and favorable psychological outcomes for ...  Read More INTRODUCTION: Prenatal care refers to proper and principled implementation aimed at maintaininga healthy pregnancy in terms of physical health and favorable psychological outcomes for themother, infant, and family. The adequacy of prenatal care is an important indicator in predicting infantand maternal mortality. Mental health components such as hope and happiness can influence thequality of prenatal care. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between hope andhappiness with prenatal care.METHODS: This is a cross‑sectional study that was performed on 200 pregnant mothers referredto Isfahan, Iran, comprehensive health centers in 2018 using an available sampling method. Theresearch instrument was a questionnaire of hope, happiness, and quality of prenatal care that wascompleted by qualified people. The data were analyzed by descriptive and analytical statisticalmethods (Pearson correlation).RESULTS: The results of this study showed that there is a significant relationship between theadequacy of care and overall hope score (P = 0.032). There was also a positive and significantrelationship between the adequacy of care and the subscales of hope (thinking [P = 0.002] andpath [P = 0.004]). There was a positive and significant relationship between the adequacy of prenatalcare and overall happiness score (P = 0.03). Positive emotion subscale (P = 0.033) had a significantpositive correlation and negative emotion subscale (P = 0.001) had a significant negative relationshipwith the adequacy of prenatal care.CONCLUSION: According to the results, mental health can affect the quality of prenatal care. As aresult, health providers to pregnant mothers can improve the adequacy of prenatal care by examiningpregnant women in terms of these two issues, thereby improving the health of themselves and theirchildren, and ultimately, community health.

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A study of internet addiction and its effects on mental health: A study based on Iranian University Students

. Javad Yoosefi Lebni; . Razie Toghroli; . Jaffar Abbas; . Nazila NeJhaddadgar; . Mohammad Reza Salahshoor; . Morteza Mansourian; . Hadi Darvishi Gilan; . Neda Kianipour; . Fakhreddin Chaboksavar; . Seyyed Amar Azizi; . Arash Ziapour

Volume 10, Issue 8 , August 2020, Pages 1-8

Abstract

  INTRODUCTION: The Internet has drastically affected human behavior, and it has positive andnegative effects; however, its excessive usage exposes users to internet addiction. The diagnosis ...  Read More INTRODUCTION: The Internet has drastically affected human behavior, and it has positive andnegative effects; however, its excessive usage exposes users to internet addiction. The diagnosis ofstudents’ mental dysfunction is vital to monitor their academic progress and success by preventingthis technology through proper handling of the usage addiction.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This descriptive‑analytical study selected 447 students (232 femalesand 215 males) of the first and second semesters enrolled at Kermanshah University of MedicalSciences, Iran, in 2018 by using Cochrane’s sample size formula and stratified random sampling.The study applied Young’s Internet Addiction Test and Goldberg General Health Questionnaire 28for data collection. The study screened the data received and analyzed valid data set through thet‑test and Pearson’s correlation coefficient by incorporating SPSS Statistics software version 23.0.RESULTS: The results of the current study specified that the total mean score of the students forinternet addiction and mental health was 3.81 ± 0.88 and 2.56 ± 0.33, correspondingly. The resultsrevealed that internet addiction positively correlated with depression and mental health, whichindicated a negative relationship (P > 0.001). The multiple regression analysis results showed students’five significant vulnerability predictors toward internet addiction, such as the critical reason for usingthe Internet, faculty, depression, the central place for using the Internet, and somatic symptoms.CONCLUSIONS: The study findings specified that students’ excessive internet usage leads toanxiety, depression, and adverse mental health, which affect their academic performance. Monitoringand controlling students’ internet addiction through informative sessions on how to use the Internetadequately is useful.

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Telenursing: A step for care management in disaster and emergencies

. Mahdiye Nejadshafiee; . Kambiz Bahaadinbeigy; . Majid Kazemi; . Mahmood Nekoei-Moghadam

Volume 10, Issue 8 , August 2020, Pages 1-8

Abstract

  INTRODUCTION: Unusual impacts of disasters on normal living conditions pose challenges to thehealth system. Nurses who take care of disaster victims may face situations that make decision‑makingdifficult; ...  Read More INTRODUCTION: Unusual impacts of disasters on normal living conditions pose challenges to thehealth system. Nurses who take care of disaster victims may face situations that make decision‑makingdifficult; hereon, the use of new technologies can be a useful solution. The study aimed to identifythe telenursing care during incidents and disasters.METHODS: The study was conducted at a medical science university in Iran from 2018 to 2019. Thiswas a semi‑structured interview‑based qualitative study using content analysis. Eighteen nurses,nursing teachers, and emergency medical technicians were included in the study. Data analysiswas performed using inductive content analysis and coding with MAXQDA (2010) software. TheLincoln and Guba (1985) trustworthiness criteria were used for the reliability and validity of the data.RESULTS: Telenursing in critical and supportive care was the main theme identified from dataanalysis. This theme included six main categories: (1) management of trauma, (2) technical skills, (3)care and decision‑making in stressful situations, (4) management of patients with special needs, (5)life‑saving intervention, and (6) psychological and emotional supports.CONCLUSIONS: Telenursing in disasters is the turning point of the care management of victims.In order to achieve this goal, nurses should acquire the relevant knowledge, skills, and abilities.

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) surveillance system: Development of COVID-19 minimum data set and interoperable reporting framework

. Mostafa Shanbehzadeh; . Hadi Kazemi-Arpanahi; . Komeil Mazhab-Jafari; . Hamideh Haghiri

Volume 10, Issue 8 , August 2020, Pages 1-11

Abstract

  INTRODUCTION: The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID‑19) is a major global health concern. Jointefforts for effective surveillance of COVID‑19 require immediate transmission of reliable ...  Read More INTRODUCTION: The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID‑19) is a major global health concern. Jointefforts for effective surveillance of COVID‑19 require immediate transmission of reliable data. In thisregard, a standardized and interoperable reporting framework is essential in a consistent and timelymanner. Thus, this research aimed at to determine data requirements towards interoperability.MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cross‑sectional and descriptive study, a combination ofliterature study and expert consensus approach was used to design COVID‑19 Minimum DataSet (MDS). A MDS checklist was extracted and validated. The definitive data elements of the MDSwere determined by applying the Delphi technique. Then, the existing messaging and data standardtemplates (Health Level Seven‑Clinical Document Architecture [HL7‑CDA] and SNOMED‑CT) wereused to design the surveillance interoperable framework.RESULTS: The proposed MDS was divided into administrative and clinical sections with three andeight data classes and 29 and 40 data fields, respectively. Then, for each data field, structured datavalues along with SNOMED‑CT codes were defined and structured according HL7‑CDA standard.DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The absence of effective and integrated system for COVID‑19surveillance can delay critical public health measures, leading to increased disease prevalence andmortality. The heterogeneity of reporting templates and lack of uniform data sets hamper the optimalinformation exchange among multiple systems. Thus, developing a unified and interoperable reportingframework is more effective to prompt reaction to the COVID‑19 outbreak.

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Predictors of high achievers in Indian medical undergraduates: Association with emotional intelligence and perceived stress

. Magna Manjareeka; . Srijan Yadav

Volume 10, Issue 8 , August 2020, Pages 1-6

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Today’s Bachelor in Medicine, Bachelor in Surgery (MBBS) students will becomeIndian Medical Graduates in future. Emotional intelligence (EI) is an essential component ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Today’s Bachelor in Medicine, Bachelor in Surgery (MBBS) students will becomeIndian Medical Graduates in future. Emotional intelligence (EI) is an essential component in themaking of an Indian Medical Graduate. There is increasing stress during medical training. The studywas conducted to compare the association of EI score and perceived stress scale (PSS) amongaverage and excellent undergraduate medical students. The secondary objective was to find thepredictors of excellent academic performance.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This descriptive cross‑sectional study was conducted after institutionalethics committee approval. All 522 consented students studying in 2nd, 4th, 7th, and 9th semesters filledup established pre‑validated questionnaires ; Schutteself report EI test and Cohen’s perceived stressscale. Sociodemographic details of the respondents were collected. Average attendance and marksof previous semester examinations of all included students were collected from academic cell of theinstitution. All students were grouped into three groups: average, good, and excellent performersfrom the marks collected. Comparison of EI scores and PSS scores was done between students inexcellent and average groups using unpaired t‑test.RESULTS: Of the 94.9% of respondents, 78.2% of the students were included in the study. The meanEI and PSS scores were 123 ± 14.5 and 22.8 ± 13.9, respectively. There was no statistically significantdifference in EI scores between average and excellent performers ([123.8 ± 18.7] vs. [127.7 ± 16];P – 0.089). Perceived stress was lower in excellent performers ([20.9 ± 11.1] vs. [24.8 ± 15.0];P – 0.01). EI was associated with better performance in clinical year students. EI was negativelycorrelated to perceived stress.CONCLUSION. Our study provides predictors of excellent academic performances among Indianmedical undergraduates. This study suggests introduction of extracurricular activities in ongoingundergraduate curricular syllabus. It imparts awareness among students about the importance ofattending classes. This study bestows higher EI and lower perceived stress to better academicperformance.

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Providing a model for assessing the readiness of hospitals affiliated to Isfahan University of Medical Sciences in using the Internet of Things (IOT) Technology

. Sayed Ali Hejazi Dehaghani; . Behzad Hajrahimi; . Sayed Mehdi Dehaghani Hejazi

Volume 10, Issue 8 , August 2020, Pages 1-7

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: The Internet of Things is a revolution in health care both in the field of patienttreatment and health information management. This technology can improve the status of ...  Read More BACKGROUND: The Internet of Things is a revolution in health care both in the field of patienttreatment and health information management. This technology can improve the status of patients,providing them with healthcare, collecting, sharing, storing and analyzing their medical information.AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: Since the use of the IOT will create a wonderful future in the field ofelectronic health and the telecommunications industry, hospitals, health centers and policymakersin the health sector in the country should not neglect to get advantage of this technology. Therefore,this study aims to collect the necessary indicators for entering this technology and also measuringits preparation to use it.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a practical research and in terms of information gathering, adescriptive survey type that describes and evaluates the preparation of IOT technology implementationin hospitals affiliated to Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. In order to measure the preparationfor implementation of such technology in the treatment centers, a model based on the opinion ofthe experts in this area should be designed. According to which the model of this assessment in 5different sections in the treatment centers that require this technology are also significant and Effectivechanges will be reviewed to assess their preparation.RESULT: According to the standard coefficients obtained as a result of reviewing the opinions ofthe experts in this field, the most effective factor is "training of specialist staff in the university" andthe least effective factor is "purchasing technical knowledge from universities and affiliated centers".CONCLUSION: The results show that current hospitals are not prepared to move to this area andthe universities should be able to enter the field quickly.

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The impact of education on attachment skills in the promotion of happiness among women with unplanned pregnancy

. Fahimeh Hasanzadeh; . Maasumeh Kaviani; . Marzieh Akbarzadeh

Volume 10, Issue 8 , August 2020, Pages 1-8

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Happiness is among the factors that promote mental health in mothers withunplanned pregnancy. The present study aimed to determine the impact of attachment skills trainingon ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Happiness is among the factors that promote mental health in mothers withunplanned pregnancy. The present study aimed to determine the impact of attachment skills trainingon happiness among women with unplanned pregnancy.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This clinical trial was conducted on 84 women with unplannedpregnancy referred to three prenatal clinics in Shiraz in 2018. The participants were randomly dividedinto an intervention group and a control group using permutation block. At first, the participants wererequested to sign written informed consent form, demographic information form, and mental healthquestionnaire. Then, they were asked to complete Oxford Happiness Questionnaire and Cranley’sMaternal-Fetal Attachment Scale. The intervention group received attachment training through six90-min sessions, while the control group underwent the hospital’s routine care. The two groups wererequired to fill out the study questionnaires once more after 4 weeks after the intervention. After all,the data were analyzed using Chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, independent t-test, and ANOVA.RESULTS: There was a significant difference between the two groups’ pretest and posttest meanscores of happiness (P = 0.0001). The results showed that in the experimental group, pretraining andposttraining period mean scores were 89.64 (7.2) and 93.13 (6.09), respectively; while in the controlgroup, pretraining and posttraining period mean scores were, respectively, 91.69 (9.96) and 91 (8.82).The difference between the two groups was statistically significant. No significant relationship wasobserved between happiness and the couples’ occupations, number of pregnancies, and numberof miscarriages in the two groups (P > 0.05).CONCLUSION: The mean score of happiness increased after the training, being significantly differentfrom that in the control group. Therefore, happiness is a changeable feature that can be promotedamong pregnant women via interventional methods.

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World one‑hundred days after COVID‑19 outbreak: Incidence, case fatality rate, and trend

. Ali Kazemi‑Karyani; . Roya Safari‑Faramani; . Saeed Amini; . Vajiheh Ramezani‑Doroh; . Farzan Berenjian; . Mohammad Yahyavi Dizaj; . Reza Hashempour; . Jafar Yahyavi Dizaj

Volume 10, Issue 8 , August 2020, Pages 1-10

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: The prevalence of viral diseases is on the rise and has caused many problemsfor public health. COVID‑19 is a new viral outbreak in the world. This study aimed to investigate ...  Read More BACKGROUND: The prevalence of viral diseases is on the rise and has caused many problemsfor public health. COVID‑19 is a new viral outbreak in the world. This study aimed to investigate thetrends of incidence and case fatality rate (CFR) of COVID‑19 in the world by April 30, 2020.METHODS: This was a descriptive‑analytical study. We investigated the number of cases and deathsin 35 selected countries and regions of the WHO that had at least 10,000 cases by the time of thestudy. In addition, the incidence and CFR of COVID‑19 were investigated. Finally, time trends of thenumber of cases, deaths, and CFR were investigated using ordinary least squares regression models.RESULTS: The total number of confirmed cases of COVID‑19 was 3,090,184. The European regionhad the highest number of COVID‑19 patients (1,434,649 [46.43%]). Ukraine with 10,406 and theUSA with 1,003,974 cases have reported the lowest and highest confirmed cases, respectively. Inaddition, the European region and the African region with 157.13 and 2.50 patients per 100,000population had the highest and the lowest incidence rate, respectively. India (2.44) and Spain (455.69)had the lowest and the highest incidence rate per 100,000 population, respectively. In the world,217,759 deaths have happened, of which 135,961 (62.44%) were reported in the European region.Furthermore, the USA had the highest number of deaths (52,428) due to COVID‑19. CFR was 7.05%in the world, which ranged from 3.74% in the African region and 9.48% in the European region. Thenumber of patients and deaths due to COVID‑19 had increasing trends in all countries, and the trendof CFR just for Iran and Ukraine was negative.CONCLUSION: The countries had different trends in the morbidity and mortality of COVID‑19.However, regarding the increasing trend of the disease in the world, it will be more important to relyon public prevention strategies. It is necessary to apply and continue public health policies at nationaland global levels till the control of the disease.

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Factors causing early maternity discharge of uncomplicated normal delivery cases at government health facilities in Northern India: An exploratory study

. MD. Abu Bashar; . Arun K. Aggarwal; . Manju Pilania

Volume 10, Issue 8 , August 2020, Pages 1-6

Abstract

  INTRODUCTION: Most of the neonatal and maternal deaths occur within the first 48 hourspost‑delivery. Hence, this time period is very crucial for the survival of newborns and mothers ...  Read More INTRODUCTION: Most of the neonatal and maternal deaths occur within the first 48 hourspost‑delivery. Hence, this time period is very crucial for the survival of newborns and mothers both.As per maternal and child health program guidelines in India, it is clearly mentioned that all thegovernment health facilities should discharge the mother and baby only after 48 hours of delivery incase of normal delivery and after 7 days in case of delivery conducted by cesarean sections.AIM: The aim of the study was to find the various factors responsible for early maternity discharge(<48 h) of normal vaginal deliveries (NVDs) conducted at government health facilities.MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was conducted in a rural block of Haryana, North India, fromMay to June, 2015. Postnatal women with NVD within 6 months of duration from initiation of the studywere included after taking proper informed consent. A questionnaire was developed by the investigatorsto interview the women. The questionnaire consists of 26 items which included the socio‑demographicdetails and questions on various factors affecting postnatal stay at the health facility.RESULTS: A total of 40 postnatal women consented and participated in the study. Their meanage was 23.46 ± 5.63 years. Majority of them (24, 60.0%) were having their first child. Out of them,12 delivered at primary health centers (PHCs), 18 at community health centers, and the rest at thedistrict hospital. A total of 24 (60%) of them were discharged early (<48 h) as per laid guidelines.It was observed that primiparity, delivery at PHC, normal birth weight of baby, and term deliverieswere significantly associated with early discharge. Among those who had NVD and stayed beyond48 h, most of them mentioned that the round‑the‑clock availability of doctors/nurses was the mainreason for their staying at the health facility.CONCLUSION: The proportion of postpartum women discharged early is high and alarming. Thereis a need for essential counseling to be imparted to the mothers by doctors/nurses at all the healthfacilities for staying till 48 hours and by health workers during the antenatal period of the importanceof the stay at the facility post delivery .

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Evaluating the effect of Pender’s health promotion model on self-efficacy and treatment adherence behaviors among patients undergoing hemodialysis

. Reza Masoudi; . Masood Lotfizade; . Mohammad Reza Gheysarieha; . Leili Rabiei

Volume 10, Issue 8 , August 2020, Pages 1-7

Abstract

  INTRODUCTION: Health promotion through lifestyle improvement is an important topic that hasreceived considerable attention from the scientific community worldwide. This study aimed ...  Read More INTRODUCTION: Health promotion through lifestyle improvement is an important topic that hasreceived considerable attention from the scientific community worldwide. This study aimed todetermine the effect of Pender’s health promotion model on self-efficacy and treatment adherencebehaviors of hemodialysis patients in Shahrekord, Iran, in 2018–2019.METHODS: This quasi-experimental study was performed on 70 hemodialysis patients who wereattending routine hemodialysis sessions in Hajar hospital in Shahrekord. Individuals were selectedby simple random sampling and randomly assigned to two groups of control and intervention.In the preintervention stage, all patients completed a questionnaire that was prepared to collectdemographic information and measure health-promoting behaviors, self-efficacy, and treatmentadherence. The intervention group participated in eight sessions of a health promotion model-basededucation program. Both groups were asked to complete the questionnaire again immediately afterthe intervention and also 2 months later.RESULTS: The repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed a significant differencebetween the two groups in terms of the extent of change in mean scores over the three measurementstages (before the intervention, after the intervention, and 2 months after the intervention) (P < 0.001).A statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups in terms of self-efficacyscores in the postintervention and follow-up stages (P < 0.05). The repeated measures ANOVA alsorevealed a significant difference between the two groups in terms of the extent of change in meantreatment adherence scores over the three measurement stages (P < 0.001).CONCLUSION: Considering the positive effects of the program on patients undergoing hemodialysis,it is recommended to use the program to promote the well-being of these patients without timerestrictions.

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The effect of educational intervention on health-promoting lifestyle: Intervention mapping approach

. Mahnaz Solhi; . Farbod Ebadi Fard Azar; . Jamileh Abolghasemi; . Mina Maheri; . Seyed Fahim Irandoost; . Saeede Khalili

Volume 10, Issue 8 , August 2020, Pages 1-7

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: The health-promoting lifestyle by empowering individuals will increase control overtheir health, improve quality of life, and prevent diseases. The purpose of the present ...  Read More BACKGROUND: The health-promoting lifestyle by empowering individuals will increase control overtheir health, improve quality of life, and prevent diseases. The purpose of the present study was todetermine the effect of the educational intervention based on the intervention mapping approach onhealth-promoting lifestyle in Iranian college students.METHODS: This study is a quasi-experimental control study that was conducted in two groups of65 students of Iran University of Medical Sciences in 2018–2019. The data were collected using theHealth-Promoting Lifestyle Standard Profile II questionnaire and a researcher-made questionnairebased on the mapping approach, whose validity and reliability were confirmed. The educationalintervention was designed according to the pretest results, including five training sessions andperformed for the intervention group. The two groups were evaluated with the same questionnaires1 month and 3 months later, and the data were analyzed using independent t-test, Spearman,ANCOVA, ANOVA test, and covariance.Results: Before the intervention, no significant difference was observed between the mean scores ofhealth-promoting behaviors in the two groups, but after the intervention, the mean scores of attitude,subjective norms, enabling factors, and perceived self-efficacy and mean scores of health-promotinglifestyle and its dimensions increased significantly in the intervention group (P < 0.001) comparedto the control group.Conclusion: The educational intervention is effective in improving behaviors related to healthpromoting lifestyle and its dimensions. Therefore, performing educational interventions are suggestedto adopt and adhere to behaviors related to health-promoting lifestyle by utilizing and reinforcingperceived self-efficacy, subjective norms, enabling factors, and attitudinal change.

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Health system strengthening through Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) during the COVID‑19 pandemic: An analysis from the available evidence

. Sudip Bhattacharya; . Amarjeet Singh; . Md Mahbub Hossain

Volume 10, Issue 8 , August 2020, Pages 1-3

Abstract

    Read More

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