Journal of Education and Health Promotion

Nursing students and faculty perception of academic incivility: A descriptive qualitative study

. Maryam Ehsani; . Sedigheh Farzi; . Fatemeh Farzi; . Sima Babaei; . Zeinab Heidari; . Fatemeh Mohammadi

Volume 13, Issue 2 , February 2023, , Pages 1-9

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Incivility is one of the significant challenges that affect nursing education. Uncivilbehaviors have a significant upward trend compared to the past in nursing education. ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Incivility is one of the significant challenges that affect nursing education. Uncivilbehaviors have a significant upward trend compared to the past in nursing education. This studywas conducted to explore academic incivility from the perspective of nursing students and faculty.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was conducted in 2021 using a descriptive qualitativemethod. Fifteen baccalaureate nursing students and six faculty were selected using purposefulsampling method. Data was collected through in‑depth semi‑structured interviews, and a qualitativecontent analysis was applied for data analysis.RESULTS: Data analysis revealed four categories, namely, ineffective teaching–learning, inapposite/unreasonable requests, behaviors disrupting mutually respectful environment, and academicdishonesty, and 14 subcategories.CONCLUSION: To reduce incivility, closer attention needs to be paid to the admission of faculty aswell as training them to use effective communication techniques and interactive teaching methods.In addition, nursing students must be provided with the training about uncivil behaviors. Furthermore,clear and precise rules and regulations concerning incivility incidence should be developed andimplemented in the universities.

---

• View Article
• PDF 491.89 K

Development and validation of a questionnaire based on the protection motivation theory to predict cigarette smoking preventive behavior in the Iranian university students

. Salime Zare Abdollahi; . Seyed Saeed Mazloomy Mahmoodabad,; . Mohammad Hasan Lotfi; . Seyed Mojtaba Yassini Ardakani

Volume 13, Issue 1 , January 2023, , Pages 1-9

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Prevention of smoking is very important at a young age and during the studentperiod. Because of the lack of a questionnaire based on the prevention of smoking behavior,this ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Prevention of smoking is very important at a young age and during the studentperiod. Because of the lack of a questionnaire based on the prevention of smoking behavior,this study was conducted to design and standardize a tool according to the protection motivationtheory (PMT).MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was an analytical cross‑sectional study where informationand opinions of experts and then designing tools and assessing the face validity in the first phaseand content validity, construct validity, test–retest reliability, and internal consistency of questionsin the second phase were examined. The initial themes and structures were determined based onthe literature Review and the opinion of experts. Three hundred students of Yazd Universities wereselected by cluster sampling and included in the study. All analyses were performed in SPSS andAMOS software version 24 with a significance level of less than 5%.RESULTS: The final version of the scale had 39 questions in eight dimensions. The overall Cronbach’salpha value was 0.89, and for each dimension, it was more than 0.7. The content validity ratio andcontent validity index for the whole tool were 0.87 and 0.94, respectively. The results of confirmatoryfactor analysis showed that the latent construct model had good fit (X2/df = 4.31; RMSEA = 0.07;CFI = 0.94; NFI = 0.92; TLI = 0.91, P < 0.001).CONCLUSION: In this study, a valid and reliable tool based on PMT to predict smoking behaviorin students was introduced. This tool can be used in interventional and etiological studies. It alsohas questions related to the coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid 19) virus and can be used in thecoronavirus pandemic.

---

• View Article
• PDF 666.19 K

Coping strategy with coronavirus disease‑2019 health anxiety in nursing students

. Raziyeh Ghafouri; . Arezoo Qadimi; . Hosna Karami Khomaam

Volume 12, Issue 10 , November 2022, , Pages 1-7

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: The high prevalence of coronavirus disease‑2019 (COVID‑19) has a lot of stress onmedical students. This study was conducted to investigating the adaptation strategy ...  Read More BACKGROUND: The high prevalence of coronavirus disease‑2019 (COVID‑19) has a lot of stress onmedical students. This study was conducted to investigating the adaptation strategy with COVID‑19health anxiety in nursing studentsMATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was designed as a cross‑sectional study. Participantsof the study were 431 students of the Nursing and Midwifery Faculty of Shahid Beheshti Universityof Medical Sciences. Inclusion criteria were studying at the time of the outbreak of COVID‑19 andwillingness to participate in the study. Data collection tools included participated in the study. Datacollection tools included a demographic questionnaire, Health Anxiety and Coping Inventory forStressful Situations (Short Form). Reliability of tools was assessed and confirmed with Cronbach’salpha coefficient. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of health anxiety was 0.76 and Cronbach’s alphacoefficient of Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations was 0.79. Data were collected between July2020 and September 2020. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to examine the relationshipbetween the data. Data were analyzed with SPSS 26.RESULTS: Findings indicated that most of the participants were female, single, 22–28 years old, andundergraduate students. The mean of COVID‑19 health anxiety was 5.59 ± 17.04. Results showedthat 19.58 ± 5.05 of the participants used avoidance‑focused adaptation strategies, 25.12 ± 3.88problem‑focused adaptation strategies, and 19.32 ± 5.13 emotion‑focused adaptation strategies.CONCLUSION: The COVID‑19 health anxiety was higher in female, young, and married students.The problem‑focused adaptation strategy should be further taught so that students can better copingwith COVID‑19 health anxiety.

---

• View Article
• PDF 556.63 K

The effect of education based on the theory of planned behavior on the intention of vaccination against human papillomavirus in female students: A controlled educational trial

. Golchehreh Zomordi; . Maryam Moradi; . Malihe Hasanzadeh; . Vahid Ghavami

Volume 12, Issue 6 , July 2022, , Pages 1-8

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection and causes more than 90% of cervical cancers. The highest rate of infection occurs between ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection and causes more than 90% of cervical cancers. The highest rate of infection occurs between the ages of 18 and 28. This study aimed to determine the effect of education based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) on the intention of vaccination against HPV in female students.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This controlled educational trial study was performed on 72 female students aged 18–26 years of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences by random assignment to intervention and control groups. For random assignment in the intervention and control groups, random blocking with four blocks was performed using a random number table with a ratio of 1:1. Data collection tools included demographic questionnaire, awareness about HPV vaccination, and TPB theory constructs. The control group was received the university routine training. The intervention group was received the virtual group training in four sessions, 60–90 min at weekly intervals and with educational content including TPB constructs on HPV vaccination with the method of lecture training, group discussion, questions and answers, and presentation of training package. Questionnaires were completed before, instantly, and 1 month after the educational intervention. Data were analyzed using the Chi‑square test, Fisher’s exact, t‑test, Mann–Whitney test, and Friedman test.RESULTS: The mean age of students was 18.9 ± 1.1 years. The intervention and control groups were homogeneous in terms of demographic characteristics (P > 0.05). Before the intervention, the mean score of model constructs did not show a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05), but after the intervention, in the intervention group, mean scores of attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and behavioral intention in the intervention group was significantly higher than the control group (P < 0.001). In the intervention group, the difference in the mean score of HPV vaccination intention instantly (P < 0.001) and 1 month (P < 0.001) after the intervention significantly increased.CONCLUSION: TPB‑based education was effective in increasing attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control and the intention to vaccinate against HPV in the female students of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. Therefore, it is suggested that the present educational intervention be widely used to educate female students.

---

• View Article
• PDF 1011.35 K

Knowledge, awareness, and attitudes toward antibiotic resistance and practice of self‑medication among university students in Bangladesh: A cross‑sectional study

. Gowranga Kumar Paul; . Md. Shalauddin Swapon; . K. M. Kaderi Kibria

Volume 12, Issue 4 , April 2022, , Pages 1-7

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: The prevalence of self‑medication is high in Bangladesh due to easy access and poor regulatory controls over these drugs. Our study aimed to assess the attitude of ...  Read More BACKGROUND: The prevalence of self‑medication is high in Bangladesh due to easy access and poor regulatory controls over these drugs. Our study aimed to assess the attitude of university students in Bangladesh toward antibiotic usage, especially their knowledge and awareness about antibiotics and their resistance. We also evaluated the determinants behind their attempts at drug intake without prescription.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross‑sectional study was conducted in Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University that included information from randomly selected 200 students from 15 departments using a structured questionnaire. The statistical analyses were performed by using SPSS software (version 21) and R programming.RESULTS: The study revealed that 61.0% of the students use self‑medication at different times or always; 32.5% of the respondents keep antibiotics for future use, and 38% of the students think it is right to stop antibiotics when symptoms are improving. Half of the participants (47.5%) use antibiotics based on their previous experience. The criteria of antibiotic selection have a significant relationship with knowledge about antibiotic resistance (P = 0.017) and altered prescribed medicine without doctor’s advice (P < 0.001). The multivariate analysis indicates that respondents who know about antibiotic resistance select antibiotics from the community pharmacists with respect to their own experience 5.102 times higher than those who do not know about antibiotic resistance.CONCLUSIONS: The study mainly explored the knowledge gaps of the students on the options that are responsible for antibiotic resistance in the community and found that students have mid‑level knowledge (66%) about antibiotic resistance.

---

• View Article
• PDF 920.06 K

The effectiveness of simulation training in obstetric emergencies: A meta‑analysis

. Mohammad Javad Tarrahi; . Maryam Kianpour; . Marzeieh Ghasemi; . Soheila Mohamadirizi

Volume 12, Issue 3 , March 2022, , Pages 1-5

Abstract

  Role of clinical skill training in the formation of skills and professional competencies of midwifery students is important. Hence, the use of “training new methods are essential ...  Read More Role of clinical skill training in the formation of skills and professional competencies of midwifery students is important. Hence, the use of “training new methods are essential in clinical settings.” This study aimed at determining the effectiveness of simulation training in obstetric emergencies. In this meta‑analysis study, international databases of Web of Science, Scopous, Proquest, and PubMed and Iranian databases such as Irandoc, Magiran, and SID were searched for studies published between 2000 and 2020 using related keywords. Based on the consortium checklist, the full text of the selected articles was reviewed and in case of a specific score, the article was analyzed. The results show that, out of 420 studies after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, only nine clinical trial articles were reviewed. Studies were conducted in Iran, the United States, France, China, and Chicago. The results of meta‑analysis showed that the simulation training method can be effective in managing midwifery emergencies. Hence, the use of simulation training method can be effective in various areas of learning related to obstetric emergencies.

---

• View Article
• PDF 839.88 K

Family and school‑based educational intervention on fruits and vegetable consumption of female students: Application of social cognitive theory

. Maryam Hashemian; . Mahdi Abdolkarimi; . Mostafa Nasirzadeh

Volume 12, Issue 2 , February 2022, , Pages 1-7

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Fruits and vegetable (F.V) consumption is the most pivotal strategy of preventing cardiovascular diseases, obesity, diabetes, and cancers. The present study aims to ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Fruits and vegetable (F.V) consumption is the most pivotal strategy of preventing cardiovascular diseases, obesity, diabetes, and cancers. The present study aims to evaluate the effect of educational intervention based on social cognitive theory (SCT) on consumption of F.Vs among female high schools’ students in Rafsanjan (South of Iran).SUBJECTS AND METHODS: This quasi‑experimental study was carried out among 272 students (intervention = 134 and control group = 138) using a multistage sampling method. The instrument used in this study included demographic characteristics, the students’ F.V consumption during the past 7 days and its determinants based on the theory. Educational interventions were made in three sessions for students and two sessions for parents, teachers, and school officials. The data were analyzed by SPSS version 18 using the statistical tests of Chi‑square, independent samples t‑test, paired‑samples t‑test, and univariate model at a significant level of 0.05.RESULTS: Three months after the educational program, mean scores and standard deviation of F.V consumption and constructs in the intervention group increased significantly (P < 0.001). Respectively, 22.2% and 36.1% of the changes in the average unit of F.V consumption were the result of the present educational intervention.CONCLUSION: The intervention based on SCT with an emphasis on the interaction between student, family, and school has had an effect on F.V consumption behavior. Therefore, in forming behavior, attention is paid to the interaction of individual and interpersonal factors.

---

• View Article
• PDF 579 K

The relationship between the willingness to mobile learning and educational achievements in health‑care professional students

. Nayereh Baghcheghi; . Hamid Reza Koohestani

Volume 11, Issue 9 , October 2021, , Pages 1-6

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: The relationship between willingness to mobile learning (m‑learning) and educationalachievement was examined in health‑care professional students.MATERIALS AND METHODS: ...  Read More BACKGROUND: The relationship between willingness to mobile learning (m‑learning) and educationalachievement was examined in health‑care professional students.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a descriptive correlative study that was conducted fromJanuary 2020 to February 2020. A total of 295 students in Saveh University of Medical Sciences inIran were selected through census method. The data were collected using the standard willingness tom‑learning questionnaire. The data collected were analyzed statistically using Pearson’s correlationcoefficient and concurrent regression analysis.RESULTS: The mean score of willingness to m‑learning was 165.55 ± 13.4, which is an indicativeof a higher willingness level in the health‑care professional students for m‑learning. There was apositive and significant relationship between willingness for m‑learning and educational achievement(r = 0.77, P < 0.01). The predictive variable, i.e., willingness to m‑learning, predicted 53.8% of thevariance of educational achievement (F = 58.801, P = 0.00). Among the variables of willingness tom‑learning, the regression coefficients of perceived ease, attitude, self‑management in learning,educational use, and efficiency of m‑learning were significant (P < 0.05). This means that thesevariables are direct predictors of educational achievement.CONCLUSIONS: Willingness to m‑learning had a positive and significant relationship with educationalachievement. Although this study was performed just before the corona outbreak, paying attentionto the results of this study can be helpful for students, faculty members, and policymakers in fillingthe educational gap during the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak.

---

• View Article
• PDF 493.63 K

Prevalence of water pipe smoking and associated risk factors among female adolescents

. Saeed Bashirian; . Majid Barati; . Manoochehr Karami; . Behrooz Hamzeh; . Elahe Ezati

Volume 11, Issue 8 , September 2021, , Pages 1-7

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: The prevalence of water pipe smoking is increasing among young people, butthere are limited data on its use among adolescents in Iran. The aim of this study is to investigate ...  Read More BACKGROUND: The prevalence of water pipe smoking is increasing among young people, butthere are limited data on its use among adolescents in Iran. The aim of this study is to investigate theprevalence of WP smoking and associated risk factors among female adolescents in Western Iran.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross‑sectional study was conducted in schools. It included 1302middle school (48.1%) and high school (51.9%) female students (grades 7–12) recruited throughstage random sampling and conducted in 2019 in the western city of Kermanshah, Iran. The datacollection tool was a researcher‑made questionnaire. Logistic regression analyses and descriptivestatistics were executed using SPSS version 22.RESULTS: The mean (standard deviation) ages of the students and the ages when the participantsstarted WP smoking were 15.22 ± 1.85 and 13.64 (1.64), respectively. Nearly 32.2% had a singleexperience of WP smoking during their lifetime and 20.4% were current consumers of WP. Mostof the subjects smoked WPs at their friends’ home (45.8%) and with their friends (47.4%). Thesignificantly important factors that affect WP smoking in these age groups are the father’s andmother’s occupation, family size, living with others, father’s education, having a friend who smokesWPs, friends’ encouragement to smoke WP, and being in a family that smoke WPs.CONCLUSIONS: Considering the increasing popularity of WP among adolescent females and itsincreasing prevalence, the results showed that Water pipe smoking with friends played a key role inWP smoking among female adolescents. There is a need to design interventional studies to increasepeople’s skills and to design and implement programs to prevent water pipe.

---

• View Article
• PDF 531.29 K

Mental health state in medical students during COVID-19 pandemic

. Dian Natalia; . Rizma Adlia Syakurah

Volume 11, Issue 5 , June 2021, , Pages 1-6

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Before the COVID-19 pandemic, medical students had reported experiencing highrates of distress, burnout, anxiety, and depression. The psychological impact of the COVID-19 ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Before the COVID-19 pandemic, medical students had reported experiencing highrates of distress, burnout, anxiety, and depression. The psychological impact of the COVID-19 in thegeneral population suggested that the mental health impact was increased anxiety, depression, andstress. There were no exceptions if medical students also experience the same psychological impact.The aimed to this study is analyze the mental and emotional effects of the COVID-19 pandemicamong medical students.MATERIALS AND METHODS: An observational analytic study was used with a cross-sectionalapproach. Data were obtained with questionnaires distributed through social media platforms fromJuly 14, 2020, to July 21, 2020. This study using the Fear of COVID-19 (FCV-19) Scale and theDepression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 to assess FCV-19, anxiety, stress, and depression.statistical analysis used IBM SPSS Statistics 24 was used to analyze the two-tailed Chi-square test,the Mann–Whitney test, and the Kruskal–Wallis test, which were used with statistical significanceas P < 0.05 for all tests.RESULTS: Out of 1027 samples, 44.6% had stressed, 47.8% had anxiety, and 18.6% had depression.The gender (P = 0.000), educational stage (P = 0.000), and the comorbidity factor (P = 0.001 forstress and anxiety, P = 0.036 for depression, and P = 0.000 for FCV-19) had a significant associationwith stress, anxiety, depression, and FCV-19 in medical students. The hometown that showed zonerisk of infection only showed significant differences in FCV-19 (P = 0.026).CONCLUSIONS: Protection and psychological support for a medical student is extremely highimportance given that COVID-19 is now a well-established pandemic and there will be otherpandemics in the future.

---

• View Article
• PDF 526.23 K

Clinical instructors' Motivational roles and perceived effect on absenteeism among student nurses in a tertiary hospital, Benin-City, Nigeria

. Olaolorunpo Olorunfemi; . Rachael Olufunmilayo Oduyemi; . Christiana Olanrewaju Sowunmi; . Vitalis Okafor; . Lucy O. Chukwuka; . Ngozi Rosemary Osunde; . Achi Favour Ezinne

Volume 11, Issue 5 , June 2021, , Pages 1-6

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Absenteeism is a situation whereby students absence themselves from clinicalposting without good reason, this incidence among student nurses contributed a significant problemthat ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Absenteeism is a situation whereby students absence themselves from clinicalposting without good reason, this incidence among student nurses contributed a significant problemthat if not addressed will adversely affect the quality of nursing care; therefore, motivation of studentduring clinical posting found to be an important ingredient needed in eradicating absenteeism.Consequently, this study aims to determine the reasons why student nurses absenting themselvesfrom clinical posting, its effect and how clinical instructor can motivate student nurses since they arethe first role models and have a significant impact in their skill development.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A descriptive, quantitative design was used to elicit the informationfrom a sample of 80 nurses and 80 students’ nurses. Nurses: 25 medical surgical ward, 23 surgicalward, 17 obstetrics and gynecology ward, 15 theaters, and 80 student nurses, statistically drawnthrough a stratified sampling technique across the wards and school of nursing. Data collected wereanalyzed using tables, percentages, means, and standard deviation at 0.05 level of significancethrough the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software.RESULTS: The student participants reported that non conducive working environment, workingin infectious ward without adequate protection, noncooperation from clinical instructor, excessivenumber of clinical hours, embarrassment faced in front of patients and other medical personnel, lackof prompt medical treatment and care when sick, too much workload, and other number of clinicalassignments as a major reason why they absenting themselves from clinical posting. The effect ofstudent absenteeism and how students can be motivated is identified in this study.CONCLUSION: Reported factors leading to absenteeism among nursing students and identifiedmotivating care should be handled carefully by the hospital managers to produce better health-caredelivery’ nurses in future.

---

• View Article
• PDF 529.46 K

Exploring the components of student support system in blended learning for Iranian Universities of Medical Sciences: A thematic analysis

. Mojgan Mohammadimehr; . Zohrehsadat Mirmoghtadaie

Volume 11, Issue 4 , May 2021, , Pages 1-13

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Support services are a very important element for all educational institutions. Theaims of this study were to explore the components of the student support system in blended ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Support services are a very important element for all educational institutions. Theaims of this study were to explore the components of the student support system in blended learningfor universities of medical sciences in Iran.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study was performed qualitative with exploratoryapproach. The tool used to collect data was a semi‑structured interview, after conducting interviewswith 17 e-learning experts and specialists of universities of medical sciences, we reached informationsaturation. The study was conducted at Aja University of Medical Sciences in Tehran in 2020. Dataanalysis was performed as Thematic Content Analysis by Attride‑Stirling method.RESULTS: From the content analysis of the interviews, 6 main themes and 19 sub‑themes wereobtained. Main themes included “Scientific- cognitive Support”, “Systematic Support”, “HumanResource Support”, “Emotional Support”, “Technical Support” and “Financial- economic Support”.CONCLUSION: Based on the results of this study, 6 basic components and its subcomponents ofthe student support system were obtained. It is suggested that the educational officials of medicaluniversities with blended learning use the results of this study in setting up their student supportsystem for academic success in e‑learning and medical students.

---

• View Article
• PDF 942.9 K

Investigating the match between anthropometric measures and the classroom furniture dimensions in Iranian students with health approach: A systematic review

. Maryam Feiz Arefi; . Amin Babaei Pouya; . Mohsen Poursadeqiyan

Volume 11, Issue 1 , January 2021, , Pages 1-6

Abstract

  Ergonomics of schools and school furniture is one of the main issues in students’ education. Theproportion of school furniture to the anthropometric dimensions of students is ...  Read More Ergonomics of schools and school furniture is one of the main issues in students’ education. Theproportion of school furniture to the anthropometric dimensions of students is one of the mainergonomic challenges in schools that affect students’ health. This systematic review study aimedto examine the match between anthropometric measures and school furniture dimensions amongIranian students. A systematic review was carried out using databases to Google Scholar, SID,IRANDOC, PubMed, MEDLINE, and ScienceDirect and specific keywords to find papers publishedbefore March 2020. The references of seminal studies were also used to extend the search scope.Totally, 11 studies entered the review. The results showed that there was no proportion betweenclassroom furniture and students in schools under study. This lack of proportion was evident atdifferent grades in both boys’ and girls’ schools. The results showed a lack of proportion betweenclassroom furniture and Iranian students. There is a need to design and procure furniture basedon the anthropometric dimensions of the society that will help to health promotion of students. Anupdated national anthropometric databank of Iranian students can be a step to solve the problem.

---

• View Article
• PDF 678.36 K

The challenges of supporting nursing students in clinical education

. Seyedeh Roghayeh Jafarian-Amiri; . Ali Zabihi; . Mojtaba Qanbari Qalehsari

Volume 10, Issue 8 , August 2020, , Pages 1-6

Abstract

  Clinical education requires creating a supportive atmosphere for learners and nursing students, whoneed support to be prepared for their future profession. The purpose of this study ...  Read More Clinical education requires creating a supportive atmosphere for learners and nursing students, whoneed support to be prepared for their future profession. The purpose of this study is to investigatethe challenges of supporting the nursing students in clinical education. This article reviewed studiesconducted between 2009 and 2019 with the keywords including support, challenge, students,education, and nursing using SID, Magiran, IranMedex, Google Scholar, Elsevier, and PubMed asdatabases. Among the 926 articles obtained during the two review stages, which were based on theinclusion and exclusion criteria and the first one analyzed the title and the abstract and the secondone analyzed the whole article, ultimately 32 articles were selected for the study. The types of articlesused in this study are as follows: qualitative (16 articles), descriptive analytical and cross‑sectional (12articles), review (3 articles), and mixed‑methods (1 article). The focus of all studies was on thestudents’ clinical education environment. The participants of the studies were undergraduate nursingstudents (in 22 articles), graduate students (in 2 articles), nursing instructors and students (in 4articles), and nursing instructors and managers (in 1 article). Most of the challenges of supporting thestudents included violence, fear, and anxiety; socio‑cultural challenges, environmental‑organizationalstresses; and ineffective clinical education. The findings of this study showed that nursing studentsface many challenges in the clinical setting. Therefore, the managers of educational and health‑carecenters should give a high priority to their students’ support programs.

---

• View Article
• PDF 435.02 K

The effect of planned behavior theory-based education on computer game dependence in high school male students

. Hassan Zamanian; . Gholamreza Sharifzadeh; . Mitra Moodi

Volume 10, Issue 7 , July 2020, , Pages 1-7

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Teenagers are increasingly interested in computer games, and the adverse effectsof these games are dependent on the execution of these games. The theory of planned behavior(TPB) ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Teenagers are increasingly interested in computer games, and the adverse effectsof these games are dependent on the execution of these games. The theory of planned behavior(TPB) is one of the most important theories in behavior change. This study aimed to determine theeffect of educational planning based on TPB on the level of dependence on computer games in highschool male students in Gonabad, Iran.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a randomized controlled trial. The study population wasstudents of computer games in Gonabad. Sixty-four students were selected by a multistage randomsampling method and were randomly divided into intervention (n = 32) and control (n = 32) groups.Data-gathering tool was the standard questionnaire of computer game dependency and researchermade questionnaire according to TPB constructs that were completed before, immediately, and3 months after the intervention. The intervention consisted of eight 90-min training sessions. Datawere analyzed using the Chi-square test, Fisher’s, t-test, repeated measures ANOVA, and Bonferronipost hoc test.RESULTS: Before the intervention, the intervention and control groups were matched for the meanscore of model constructs. However, after the intervention, the mean score of computer gameaddiction significantly decreased (≤0.001). However, the mean score of knowledge, attitude,perceived behavioral control, and behavioral intention increased, which was statistically significant.Furthermore, the mean changes of model structures were statistically significant (P < 0.05).CONCLUSION: The findings revealed that TPB can be used as a good theoretical framework fordesigning and implementing educational programs to reduce the dependency of computer gameson students.

---

• View Article
• PDF 502.78 K

Cost analysis of education for students in the School of Health of Alborz University of Medical Sciences: An application of activity-based costing technique

. Behrooz Pouragha; . Mehdi Tayebi Arasteh; . Ehsan Zarei; . Mahdieh Abdolahi; . Hojjat Sheikhbardsiri

Volume 10, Issue 7 , July 2020, , Pages 1-6

Abstract

  INTRODUCTION: The educational service is expensive and having the right financial information isone of the most important tools for managing financial resources. Therefore, due to the ...  Read More INTRODUCTION: The educational service is expensive and having the right financial information isone of the most important tools for managing financial resources. Therefore, due to the importanceof this issue, this study aimed to determine the cost of educational services for medical sciencesstudents at Alborz University of Medical Sciences.METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional study was conducted between March 20, 2018, and March 20,2019, at Alborz University of Medical Sciences. The current and capital cost data were extractedfrom the university’s financial database, and the cost price of services provided was calculated usingthe activity-based cost model.RESULTS: The mean annual cost of services per student was $4778, and the mean cost of educationper hour was $113. The total cost price of services provided per student at the school was 65% forwages and salary, 26% for depreciation of building and equipment, and 9% for consumable goodsand services. Furthermore, the share of different cost centers to the total cost price of servicesprovided per student was 82% for educational services, 11.9% for student welfare services, and6.1% for research services.CONCLUSION: Costs of personnel, especially pays to faculty members and the costs of capitalexpenditures, are the most important costs in higher education institutions. It seems reducing ofpay to faculty members through novelty approach of education and evaluation, reducing capitalexpenditures through use effective of buildings and equipment that can be placed higher educationinstitutions in the path to productivity.

---

• View Article
• PDF 435.28 K

A new method of “student‑centered formative assessment” and improving students’ performance: An effort in the health promotion of community

. Fateme Shahedi; . Javad Ahmadi; . Tahereh Sharifi; . Seyedeh Nahid Seyedhasani; . Mahbubeh Abdollahi; . Negar Shaabani; . Mohammad Sarmadi

Volume 10, Issue 6 , June 2020, , Pages 1-5

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Improving the learning process in education will empower medical students, andalso formative assessment helps improve the teaching–learning process by providing ongoingreflective ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Improving the learning process in education will empower medical students, andalso formative assessment helps improve the teaching–learning process by providing ongoingreflective information about learning gaps.OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to explore the effect of student‑centered formative assessmentby weekly reflective self‑correction quizzes on medical laboratory students’ performance on the finalexamination of hematology course in 2018.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A semi‑experimental study was conducted on fifty students dividedrandomly into intervention (n = 25) and control groups (n = 25) using convenience sampling in 2018from Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Data analysis was performed usingSPSS software version 16, two‑sample t‑test, Chi‑square test, and analysis of covariance.RESULTS: The intervention had positive effects on students’ mean test scores in hematologyII so that the intervention and control groups managed to obtain 18.45 ± 1.46 and 14.57 ± 2.64,respectively (P < 0.01).CONCLUSIONS: The results suggested that weekly formative assessments along with reflectiveself‑correction activity and active participation of students in the learning process by designingquestions could improve student learning.

---

• View Article
• PDF 1.01 M

Reproductive health self‑care for female students: Educational needs assessment, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences 2018

. Maryam Hashemi; . Shahnaz Kohan; . Mahshid Abdishahshahani

Volume 10, Issue 1 , January 2020, , Pages 1-8

Abstract

  CONTEXT: Young people play major roles in the future of a society and face major challenges inthe field of reproductive health during this period. Therefore, it is particularly important ...  Read More CONTEXT: Young people play major roles in the future of a society and face major challenges inthe field of reproductive health during this period. Therefore, it is particularly important to investigatetheir educational needs for the reproductive health self‑care.AIMS: The present study aimed to provide a needs assessment and determine the educationalneeds of reproductive health self‑care in female students.SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. The present research wasdescriptive cross‑sectional.SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Data were collected from 96 female students who were selectedusing quota sampling and also 15 providers of reproductive health services. Data collection toolwas a researcher‑made questionnaire comprising two parts of the demographic information andthe reproductive health needs assessment. The content and face validity were determined by thecooperation of ten reproductive health and adolescence health experts, and Cronbach’s alphacoefficient was used to determine the reliability of the questionnaires.STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Data analysis was done by descriptive statistics (mean andfrequency distribution) and one‑sample t‑test using the SPSS 20 version.RESULTS: The total mean of needs for reproductive health education was 3.51 out of 5 in femalestudents. Apart from the high‑risk behavior, mean scores of other fields were significantly greaterthan the average (3). Three educational priorities included cervical cancer, violence against women,and ovarian cysts. In addition, among the popular educational methods, most people chose thenon‑attendance method and mostly mobile applications and then educational booklets.CONCLUSIONS: Results indicated that female students had a great need for self‑care educationin different fields of reproductive health; hence, it seems essential to implement the educationalprograms in accordance with their needs by taking advantage of the available learning opportunities inuniversities, particularly universities of medical sciences for their health promotion and empowermentto acquire self‑care skills. Furthermore, the present research emphasized the need to pay attentionto education using the Internet applications.

---

• View Article
• PDF 498.67 K

Perceived barriers to healthy lifestyle from the parental perspective of overweight and obese students

. Armindokht Shahsanai; . Maryam Bahreynian; . Zahra Fallah; . Silva Hovsepian; . Roya Kelishadi

Volume 9, Issue 4 , April 2019, , Pages 1-7

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Over the last decades, childhood obesity has become a worldwide epidemic healthproblem. Identifying the barriers to a healthy lifestyle among children and adolescents is ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Over the last decades, childhood obesity has become a worldwide epidemic healthproblem. Identifying the barriers to a healthy lifestyle among children and adolescents is necessary forfurther effective intervention to prevent overweight and obesity. This study aims to assess the barriersto healthy lifestyle habits, including physical activity (PA), eating, and sleep among adolescents fromthe perspective of their parents.METHODS: In this cross‑sectional study, the parents of obese and overweight middle school studentswere enrolled. Data were collected using a questionnaire about barriers of healthy nutrition and PA.RESULTS: Overall, 172 parents completed the questionnaire. Lack of access to affordable facilitiesfor PA, lack of access to the appropriate place for PA, and lack of sufficient information on how todo or increase PA were the main barriers to PA. The barrier factors for healthy eating were mediaadvertisement of unhealthy foods, lack of motivation to use healthy nutrition, and lack of adequateinformation about healthy eating. Regarding poor sleep, lack of knowledge about the benefits of sleep,prolonged watching television, and late sleep time of family members were reported as the mainbarriers. These findings were not statistically different according to the family socioeconomic level.CONCLUSION: Our findings propose that for improving healthy lifestyle in obese children andadolescents, access to facilities, and appropriate places for PA should be provided at the communitylevel. Moreover, training parents and students about healthy lifestyle behaviors is necessary forfamilies of all socioeconomic levels.

---

• View Article
• PDF 598.18 K

The effect of speed and precaution technique on postpartum bleeding among midwifery students in the clinical field

. Shahla Mohamadirizi; . Mahnaz Noroozi; . Soheila Mohamadirizi

Volume 9, Issue 4 , April 2019, , Pages 1-4

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Cooperative teaching methods have been used widely in medical education. Theaim of this study was to determine the effect of theater in the clinical stage on postpartum ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Cooperative teaching methods have been used widely in medical education. Theaim of this study was to determine the effect of theater in the clinical stage on postpartum hemorrhagemanagement among midwifery student.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was an experimental study, performed in 2016 among midwiferystudents in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences and selected through the random sampling method.Satisfaction questionnaire and clinical practice checklist were completed by both groups before andafter the education. The collected data were analyzed using independent t‑test and paired test. Thesignificant level was considered statistically <0.05.RESULTS: The findings of independent t‑test did not show any significant difference betweensatisfaction and clinical practice scores of theater and control group before intervention while astatistically significant difference was observed in after intervention between the scores of two groups(P = 0.001). Paired t‑test showed a statistically significant difference in satisfaction and clinical practicescore in two groups after intervention theater and control group, respectively (P = 0.002, P = 0.002).CONCLUSION: Theater method in postpartum hemorrhage can be increased satisfaction andclinical practice levels in midwifery students. Hence, the conduction of this educational model isrecommended as an effective learning.

---

• View Article
• PDF 408.78 K

Evaluating the academic advisors’ communication skills according to the students living in dormitory

. Maryam Maddineshat; . Mohammad Reza Yousefzadeh; . Mitra Hashemi

Volume 9, Issue 3 , March 2019, , Pages 1-5

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: As revealed by previous research studies, stress, lack of problem‑solving ability,and weakness may influence the academic performance of students who study medicine or ...  Read More BACKGROUND: As revealed by previous research studies, stress, lack of problem‑solving ability,and weakness may influence the academic performance of students who study medicine or relevantfields. It is necessary to provide students with consultation and academic advising to ensure theirsupport and welfare.OBJECTIVES: The present study was carried out to evaluate the academic advisors’ communicationabilities and skills based on the views of the students living in the dormitory of North KhorasanUniversity of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran.METHODS: The present analytical cross‑sectional study was carried out on 155 dormitory‑livingstudents who were majoring in medicine, nursing and midwifery, and health. The required data werecollected using a 17‑item research‑made questionnaire which evaluated the academic advisors’communication skills in “oral and written,” “accepting and giving feedback,” “understanding others,”“being a good listener,” and “effectiveness” fields. Descriptive statistics and Pearson’s correlationcoefficient test were utilized to analyze the collected data.RESULTS: In the students’ opinion, as revealed by the results of the present study, the academicadvisors gained the lowest scores in “oral and written” (8.33 ± 1.58) field and the highest scoresin “accepting and giving feedback” (20.78 ± 9.36) and “understanding others” (22.73 ± 9.8) fields.CONCLUSION: The students believed that the academic advisors had the lowest ability in “oral andwritten” field; therefore, paid more attention should be paid to their communication skills, and their“oral and written” skills should be evaluated.

---

• View Article
• PDF 425.05 K

Family outreach and empowerment program: Health promotion model for medical students

. Rizma Adlia Syakurah; . Shabrina Yunita Adzani; . Alzena Dwi Saltike; . Dhiya Silvi Ramadhini

Volume 8, Issue 5 , May 2018, , Pages 1-5

Abstract

  INTRODUCTION: Providing health promotion and communication learning opportunities for medicalstudents practising their theoretical information into action, addressing the health problems, ...  Read More INTRODUCTION: Providing health promotion and communication learning opportunities for medicalstudents practising their theoretical information into action, addressing the health problems, andtrying to find suitable and feasible interventions is very much neededto learn and experience directlyabout healthrelated behavior in the community. Health promotion practice of PRECEDE‑PROCEEDmodel, is used as the foundation of this Family Outreach and Empowerment Program (FOEP). Thisstudy aims to implement and evaluate FOEP as an effective health promotion learning model forundergraduate medical students.METHODS: Two hundred and forty‑four medical students joined the program for the whole weeks.The reports were evaluated to assess their activities throughout the process. Evaluation was doneusing the assessment checklists based on PRECEDE‑PROCEED framework. Data collected fromthe assessment will be processed and analyzed using the IBM SPSS Statistics 22 program.RESULTS: Two hundred and forty‑four report’s has been evaluated, the report’s scores in thecategory very good is 136, good 64, enough 26, bad 12 and very bad 6. The main problem in FOEPis behavior (37,6%) and the most alternate intervention choosen is education (232).DISCUSSION: The most intervention used by students for FOEP was education because it has beenproven that can demonstrate feasibility, effectivity, increase knowledge control, and self‑efficacyamong disease.CONCLUSION: Student’s reports was already satisfied.

---

• View Article
• PDF 390.63 K

Study the relationship between medical sciences students’ self-esteem and academic achievement of Guilan university of medical sciences

. Maryam Mirzaee Jirdehi; . Fariba Asgari; . Rasool Tabari; . Ehsan Kazemnejad Leyli

Volume 8, Issue 4 , April 2018, , Pages 1-7

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Achievement of productivity and improvement of quality in the educational systemis the effective, influential factors for countries development. Academic achievement is ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Achievement of productivity and improvement of quality in the educational systemis the effective, influential factors for countries development. Academic achievement is the mainobjective of the training program and the most important concerns of teachers, education officials,and university Student’s families. Self‑esteem is one of the factors affecting student academicachievement. This study is aimed to investigate the relationship between self‑esteem and academicachievement in Medical Sciences students of in 2014–2015.SUBJECTS AND METHODS: This is a descriptive–correlational study. In this study, 537 universitystudents were selected using random stratified sampling method from Guilan University of MedicalSciences in 2014–2015. Data were collected using the standard self‑esteem questionnaire of CooperSmith consisting of four elements (general, social, familial, and educational) and a demographicquestionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 21 and descriptive statistics suchas Spearman correlation and Logistic Regression.RESULTS: The results indicated a significant relationship between grade point average andeducational self‑esteem (P = 0.002, r = 0.135) and global self‑esteem (P = 0.02, r = 0.102). Therewas also a significant relationship between composite Index educational status and generalself‑esteem (P = 0.019, r = 0.102) and academic achievement (P = 0.007, r = 0.116) and globalself‑esteem (P = 0.020, r = 0.102).CONCLUSIONS: According to the results, the highest mean score of self‑esteem was related tothe familial element, and the lowest average was in terms of social self‑esteem, therefore, given theimportance and necessity of self‑esteem in academic achievement, strengthening of all aspects ofself‑esteem is suggested.

---

• View Article
• PDF 507.68 K

The effect of an eye health promotion program on the health protective behaviors of primary school students

. Nukhet Kirag; . Ayla Bayik Temel

Volume 8, Issue 3 , March 2018, , Pages 1-8

Abstract

  INTRODUCTION: Undiagnosed and uncorrected refractive errors in childhood can negatively affectthe development of vision and cause students to have low academic success and even quit ...  Read More INTRODUCTION: Undiagnosed and uncorrected refractive errors in childhood can negatively affectthe development of vision and cause students to have low academic success and even quit schoolbefore graduation. This study aims to determine the effects of an eye health promotion program onthe health protective behaviors of primary school students.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This experimental study using a pretest‑posttest design with a controlgroup was conducted in three public primary schools in Aydın, a city in the Western Anatolia Regionof Turkey, between April and November 2014. The eye health promotion program was provided by theresearchers to the experimental Group 2 days in 4 weeks. The data were analyzed using the t‑test,Chi‑square analysis, the Mann–Whitney U‑test, the Wilcoxon signed‑rank test, and the McNemar test.RESULTS: The average age of the students was identified as 9.0 ± 3.64 years. The studentswearing glasses all in the experimental group and 53.3% in the control group were found to alwayswear their glasses after the education program was completed (P < 0.05). These students, 97.9%in the experimental group and 58.1% in the control group underwent eye examinations from anophthalmologist (P < 0.05). The eye health protective behaviors of the experimental group werefound to have positively changed in the final follow‑up, compared to the control group (P < 0.05).CONCLUSION: The eye health promotion program was found to be effective in improving eye healthprotective behaviors within the experimental group.

---

• View Article
• PDF 535.2 K

The effect of four‑phase teaching method on midwifery students’ emotional intelligence in managing the childbirth

. Soheila Mohamadirizi; . Fariba Fahami; . Parvin Bahadoran; . Soheila Ehsanpour

Volume 5, Issue 3 , May 2015, , Pages 1-5

Abstract

  Background: An active teaching method has been used widely in medical education. The aimof this study was to determine the effectiveness of the four‑phase teaching method on midwiferystudents’ ...  Read More Background: An active teaching method has been used widely in medical education. The aimof this study was to determine the effectiveness of the four‑phase teaching method on midwiferystudents’ emotional intelligence (EQ) in managing the childbirth. Materials and Methods: Thiswas an experimental study that performed in 2013 in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences.Thirty midwifery students were involved in this study and selected through a random samplingmethod. The EQ questionnaire (43Q) was completed by both the groups, before and after theeducation. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 14, the independent t‑test, and thepaired t‑test. The statistically significant level was considered to be <0.05. Results: The findingsof the independent t‑test did not show any significant difference between EQ scores of theexperimental and the control group before the intervention, whereas a statistically significantdifference was observed after the intervention between the scores of two groups (P = 0.009).The paired t‑test showed a statistically significant difference in EQ scores in the two groupsafter the intervention in the four‑phase and the control group, respectively, as P = 0.005 andP = 0.018. Furthermore, the rate of self‑efficiency has increased in the experimental groupand control group as 66% and 13% (P = 0.024), respectively. Conclusion: The four‑phaseteaching method can increase the EQ levels of midwifery students. Therefore, the conductionof this educational model is recommended as an effective learning method.

---

• View Article
• PDF 374.15 K