Journal of Education and Health Promotion

Determinants of complementary feeding practices among mothers of 6–24 months failure to thrive children based on behavioral analysis phase of PRECEDE model, Tehran

. Nasibeh Shams; . Firoozeh Mostafavi; . Akbar Hassanzadeh

Volume 6, Issue 1 , 2016, Pages 1-5

Abstract

  Background: This study intended to clarify the determining factors of complementary feedingpractices among Tehran 6–24 months failure to thrive children in order to use the results ...  Read More Background: This study intended to clarify the determining factors of complementary feedingpractices among Tehran 6–24 months failure to thrive children in order to use the results forplanning the interventions to reduce the possible adverse effects. Materials and Methods: Inthis study, 132 mothers of three medical and health centers were chosen by random samplingamong those centers operating under the supervision of south of Tehran District Health Centerand study data were collected from them. A valid and reliable questionnaire as a data collectioninstrument developed based on behavioral analysis phase of PRECEDE model. Spearman andPearson’s correlation coefficient test were used to determine the statistical relationship betweenfactors associated with complementary feeding practices among mothers. Results: Themothers’ knowledge was as follows: 0.8%, 20.4%, and 78.8% of them were good, medium,and poor, respectively. Mean scores for the mothers’ performance in terms of supplementaryfeeding was 66.8. Pearson correlation indicated a positive and significant correlation betweenthe mothers’ performance with enabling and reinforcing factors, but there wasn’t any significantrelationship between the mothers’ performance and knowledge about complementary feeding.Conclusions: According to the obtained results, reinforcing factors, and enabling factors areassociated with the mothers’ performance in terms of complementary feeding. Hence, attentionto these issues is essential for better health interventions planning.

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An investigation into the effect of health belief model‑based education on healthcare behaviors of nursing staff in controlling nosocomial infections

. Farzaneh Zeigheimat; . Abbas Ebadi; . Fatemeh Rahmati ‑Najarkolaei; . Fahimeh Ghadamgahi

Volume 6, Issue 1 , 2016, Pages 1-8

Abstract

  Background: Health‑care acquired infections are significant given the risks and coststhey impose. All previous studies indicate a poor level of knowledge and performanceamong the ...  Read More Background: Health‑care acquired infections are significant given the risks and coststhey impose. All previous studies indicate a poor level of knowledge and performanceamong the nurses in hospital infections; as such, educating nurses can play an importantrole in infection control. This study aimed at evaluating the effects of the health beliefmodel (HBM) in making nurses adopting health‑care behaviors needed to control nosocomialinfections (Nis). Materials and Methods: The participants of the study were 135 nurses fromtwo hospitals in Mashhad, Iran. A self‑administered questionnaire was used to collect data.The questionnaire consisted of seven parts. The intervention group received four 45 mineducational programs, both in individual and collective forms. After a 2‑month interval, apost‑test was conducted to see whether any difference has been resulted. Results: Therewas a significant relationship between knowledge (P = 0.001), perceived threat (P = 0.004),perceived benefits (P = 0.001), and practices (P = 0.001) in comparing to control andexperimental groups after intervention. For the experimental and control groups, the mostfrequent cues to action at the preintervention stage were, respectively, related to the periodof studying at university and in‑service classes. Conclusion: According to this study,HBM‑based education can increase knowledge, perceived threat, and perceived benefitsof nurses. Additionally, it can reduce perceived barriers and improve the control of NIsamong nurses.

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Comparison of the effect of web‑based, simulation‑based, and conventional training on the accuracy of visual estimation of postpartum hemorrhage volume on midwifery students: A randomized clinical trial

. Masoumeh Kordi; . Farzaneh Rashidi Fakari; . Seyed Reza Mazloum; . Talaat Khadivzadeh; . Farideh Akhlaghi; . Mahmoud Tara

Volume 6, Issue 1 , 2016, Pages 1-7

Abstract

  Introduction: Delay in diagnosis of bleeding can be due to underestimation of the actualamount of blood loss during delivery. Therefore, this research aimed to compare the efficacyof ...  Read More Introduction: Delay in diagnosis of bleeding can be due to underestimation of the actualamount of blood loss during delivery. Therefore, this research aimed to compare the efficacyof web‑based, simulation‑based, and conventional training on the accuracy of visual estimationof postpartum hemorrhage volume. Materials and Methods: This three‑group randomizedclinical trial study was performed on 105 midwifery students in Mashhad School of Nursing andMidwifery in 2013. The samples were selected by the convenience method and were randomlydivided into three groups of web‑based, simulation‑based, and conventional training. The threegroups participated before and 1 week after the training course in eight station practical tests,then, the students of the web‑based group were trained on‑line for 1 week, the students of thesimulation‑based group were trained in the Clinical Skills Centre for 4 h, and the students ofthe conventional group were trained for 4 h presentation by researchers. The data gatheringtool was a demographic questionnaire designed by the researchers and objective structuredclinical examination. Data were analyzed by software version 11.5. Results: The accuracy ofvisual estimation of postpartum hemorrhage volume after training increased significantly inthe three groups at all stations (1, 2, 4, 5, 6 and 7 (P = 0.001), 8 (P = 0.027)) except station3 (blood loss of 20 cc, P = 0.095), but the mean score of blood loss estimation after training didnot significantly different between the three groups (P = 0.95). Conclusion: Training increasedthe accuracy of estimation of postpartum hemorrhage, but no significant difference was foundamong the three training groups. We can use web‑based training as a substitute or supplementof training along with two other more common simulation and conventional methods.

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The relationship between multi‑dimensional self‑compassion and fetal‑maternal attachment in prenatal period in referred women to Mashhad Health Center

. Soheila Mohamadirizi; . Masoumeh Kordi

Volume 6, Issue 1 , 2016, Pages 1-5

Abstract

  Background: Multi‑dimensional self‑compassion is one of the important factors predictingfetal‑maternal attachment which vary among different cultures and countries. So the aim ...  Read More Background: Multi‑dimensional self‑compassion is one of the important factors predictingfetal‑maternal attachment which vary among different cultures and countries. So the aim ofthis study was to determine the relationship between multi‑dimensional, self‑compassion, andfetal‑maternal attachment in the prenatal period. Subjects and Methods: This cross‑sectionalstudy was carried on 394 primigravida women to Mashhad Health Care Centers in withtwo stage sampling method (cluster‑convenience) in the year 2014. Demographic/prenatalcharacteristics, multi‑dimensional self‑compassion (26Q) with five dimension (includingself‑kindness, self‑judgment, common humanity, isolation items, mindfulness, over‑identified),and fatal‑maternal attachment (21Q) were completed by the participants. The statistical analysiswas performed with various statistical tests such as Pearson correlation coefficient, t‑test, one‑wayANOVA, and linear regression using SPSS statistical software (version 14). Results: Basedon the findings, the mean (standard deviation) value for multi‑dimensional self‑compassionwas 59.81 (6.4) and for fatal‑maternal attachment was 81.63 (9.5). There was a positivecorrelation between fatal‑maternal attachment and total self‑compassion (P = 0.005, r = 0.30)and its dimension including self‑kindness (P = 0.003, r = 0.24), self‑judgment (P = 0.001,r = 0.18), common humanity (P = 0.004, r = 0.28), isolation items (P = 0.006, r = 0.17),mindfulness (P = 0.002, r = 0.15), over‑identified (P = 0.001, r = 0.15). Conclusions: Therewas a correlation between the multi‑dimensional self‑compassion and fetal‑maternal attachmentin pregnant women. Hence, educating people like caregivers by community health midwivesregarding psychological problems in during pregnancy can be effective in early diagnosingand identifying such disorders.

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Implementing clinical governance in Isfahan hospitals: Barriers and solutions, 2014

. Masoud Ferdosi; . Farhad Bahman Ziyari; . Mehran Nemat Ollahi; . Amaneh Rahim Salmani; . Noureddin Niknam

Volume 6, Issue 1 , 2016, Pages 1-9

Abstract

  Introduction: In the new approach, all health care providers have been obligated to maintainand improve the quality and have been accountable for it. One of the ways is the implementationof ...  Read More Introduction: In the new approach, all health care providers have been obligated to maintainand improve the quality and have been accountable for it. One of the ways is the implementationof clinical governance (CG). More accurate understanding of its challenges can help to improveits performance. Aims: In this study, barriers of CG implementation are investigated fromthe perspective of the hospitals involved. Besides, some solutions are suggested based onstakeholders’ opinions. Materials and Methods: This study used combined method (qualitativecontent analysis and questionnaire) in hospitals affiliated to Isfahan University of MedicalSciences in 2014. First, experts, and stakeholders talked about CG implementation obstaclesin a semi‑structured interview. Interviews were confirmed by the interviewee (double check).After analyzing the interviews using reduction coding the questionnaire was drawn up. Thequestionnaire “validity was confirmed by Cronbach’s alpha (0/891)” and its reliability wasobtained using experts confirmation. Data analyzing was performed using SPSS (18) software.Results: According to results staffing and management factors were the main obstacles.After them, were factors related to organizational culture, infrastructure elements, information,sociocultural and then process factors. The learning barriers were in final rank. Thirty‑foursolutions was proposed by experts and divided into subset of eight major barriers. Most solutionswere offered on modifying processes and minimal solutions about modifying of organizationalculture, sociocultural, and educational factors. Conclusion: Removing the obstacles, especiallymanagement and human resource factors can be effective by facilitating and accelerating CG.Furthermore, use of experts and stakeholders opinions can help to remove CG barriers.

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Parental needs in infant’s end‑of‑life and bereavement in NICU: A qualitative study

. Marzieh Hasanpour; . Narges Sadeghi; . Mohammad Heidarzadeh

Volume 6, Issue 1 , 2016, Pages 1-7

Abstract

  Background and Aims: Newborn death is an unexpected outcome for parents. Parents facewith several needs in infant end‑of‑life. The health care team is responsible for meet theseneeds. ...  Read More Background and Aims: Newborn death is an unexpected outcome for parents. Parents facewith several needs in infant end‑of‑life. The health care team is responsible for meet theseneeds. This qualitative study aim was to explore of parental needs in infant end‑of‑life andbereavement. Materials and Methods: For this qualitative study, 24 single semi‑structureinterviews were done. A qualitative content analysis method was used. Sampling conductedon purposeful with maximum variation in five Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) environmentsin Isfahan city. Inclusion criteria for nurses and doctors were having at least one experience ofcaring for an infant and their family at end‑of‑life. Inclusion criteria for parents and their familieswere having at least one infant at end‑of‑life or had lost their infant for 6 months before inNICU. Results: Data analysis uncovered two main themes. Family’s support needs with twosubthemes (family’s support needs before infant’s death and family’s support needs after infant’sdeath) and family’s preparatory needs upon infant’s death with two subthemes (managementof the bad news of infant’s death by treatment team and management of the bad news ofinfant’s death by family). Discussion: Mourning mother’s need for her husband’s presenceby her side, getting hospitalized in a separate room, and management of infant’s death newsby father and family were among items rarely pointed out in other studies. Exploration of theseneeds cab be helpful for the health care team for providing care.

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Validation of a questionnaire to measure sexual health knowledge and understanding (Sexual Health Questionnaire) in Nepalese secondary school: A psychometric process

. Dev Raj Acharya; . Malcolm Thomas; . Rosemary Cann

Volume 6, Issue 1 , 2016, Pages 1-10

Abstract

  Background: School‑based sex education has the potential to prevent unwantedpregnancy and to promote positive sexual health at the individual, family and communitylevel. Objectives: ...  Read More Background: School‑based sex education has the potential to prevent unwantedpregnancy and to promote positive sexual health at the individual, family and communitylevel. Objectives: To develop and validate a sexual health questionnaire to measure youngpeoples’ sexual health knowledge and understanding (SHQ) in Nepalese secondaryschool. Materials and Methods: Secondary school students (n = 259, male = 43.63%,female = 56.37%) and local experts (n = 9, male = 90%, female = 10%) were participatedin this study. Evaluation processes were; content validity (>0.89), plausibility check (>95),item‑total correlation (>0.3), factor loading (>0.4), principal component analysis (4 factorsKaiser’s criterion), Chronbach’s alpha (>0.65), face validity and internal consistency usingtest‑retest reliability (P > 0.05). Results: The principal component analysis revealed four factorsto be extracted; sexual health norms and beliefs, source of sexual health information, sexualhealth knowledge and understanding, and level of sexual awareness. Kaiser‑Meyer‑Olkin (KMO)measure of sampling adequacy demonstrated that the patterns of correlations are relativelycompact (>0.80). Chronbach’s alpha for each factors were above the cut‑off point (0.65). Facevalidity indicated that the questions were clear to the majority of the respondent. Moreover, therewere no significant differences (P > 0.05) in the responses to the items at two time points at sevenweeks later. Conclusions: The finding suggests that SHQ is a valid and reliable instrument tobe used in schools to measure sexual health knowledge and understanding. Further analysissuch as structured equation modelling (SEM) and confirmatory factor analysis could make thequestionnaire more robust and applicable to the wider school population.

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Students’ perceptions on feedback module in pharmacology

. Varsha J. Patel; . Supriya D. Malhotra; . Devang A. Rana

Volume 6, Issue 1 , 2016, Pages 1-5

Abstract

  Context: Feedback is an integral part of formative assessment though underutilized inmedical education. The objective of this study was to review our feedback module throughstudents’ ...  Read More Context: Feedback is an integral part of formative assessment though underutilized inmedical education. The objective of this study was to review our feedback module throughstudents’ perceptions. Methodology: We have developed a feedback module which ispracticed by us for last 10 years for term ending examination that gives collective feedbackto the whole class, followed by individual student‑teacher interactions. Students were alsoexposed to 6–7 multiple choice questions (MCQs) based assessment during the course ofpharmacology. Immediately after each MCQ test the answer keys is displayed along withan explanation. Two classes of students were requested to give their perceptions aboutthe feedback by responding on Likert scale for the statements in the questionnaire. Allthe 206 students who volunteered for the study were enrolled in the study. Mann–Whitneytest was used to calculate the difference in perceptions. Results: Of 278 students of twoclasses, 206 responded (74%). Students’ agreement varied from 93% to 98% for 5 items inthe questionnaire for the feedback after term ending examinations. Perception of studentsattending one or more than one feedback session did not differ significantly. For MCQs, testsagreement was 91% to 98% for the 4 items. There was no significant difference between twoclasses in their perceptions regarding feedback practices (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Studentsgave a favorable opinion for our feedback module. In the medical colleges with a largenumber of students, this module is feasible for feedback in formative assessment in theform of written tests.

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Acceptance and satisfaction of parents and students about a school‑based dietary intervention in Isfahan, 2012–2013

. Roya Kelishadi; . Bahareh Lajevardi; . Maryam Bahreynian; . Vahid Omid‑Ghaemi; . Mahsa Movahedian

Volume 6, Issue 1 , 2016, Pages 1-7

Abstract

  Objective: Snacks play an important role in child health and nutritional status. Schools areconsidered as the preferred place to encourage healthy eating among children. The aim of ...  Read More Objective: Snacks play an important role in child health and nutritional status. Schools areconsidered as the preferred place to encourage healthy eating among children. The aim of thisstudy was to evaluate the effect of buffet school‑based intervention on acceptance and satisfactionof parents and students in Iran. Materials and Methods: Primary school students (n = 1120,68.83% girls) from first to third grade, with one of their parents, participated in this prospective fieldtrial study conducted in Isfahan, Iran. The study was consisted of three phases; schools selection,kitchen selection, implementation including two different parts, getting order and distribution. Weprovided hot snacks as traditional and healthy fast food according to taste and food preferencesof children. Acceptance and satisfaction of parents and students were evaluated via a researchermade questionnaire before and after the intervention in one‑third of participants as a representativesample of students who ordered the snacks. Results: Most of the students usually ate snack inthe break‑time at school, the eagerness of provided snacks was 98.8% and 63.6% in girls andboys, respectively. The most interesting tastes were Ashe Reshteh and Tahchin, (45.1% girls vs.36.8% boys), while bean (among girls) and Ashe Jo (among boys) were ranked as the lowest.More than half of parents (66.7%) evaluated the price of snacks as “acceptable,” showingtheir satisfaction. Conclusion: Results of this study indicate that school‑based interventionsaccompanied with parental and principals’ support is considered as a practical approach topromote healthful eating at an early age. Developing effective interventions for youth might,therefore, help to prevent unhealthy dietary choices becoming habitual.

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Performance evaluation of Iranian cooling vest on the physiological indices in hot climatic chamber

. Habibollah Dehghan; . Somayeh Gharehbaei; . Behzad Mahaki

Volume 6, Issue 1 , 2016, Pages 1-6

Abstract

  Background: Heat stress is a threat to those who work in high temperatures. The purpose inthis study was an examination of the cooling ability of Iranian phase change material (PCM)cold ...  Read More Background: Heat stress is a threat to those who work in high temperatures. The purpose inthis study was an examination of the cooling ability of Iranian phase change material (PCM)cold vest in hot and dry conditions in a climatic chamber. Materials and Methods: Thisexperimental study was implemented on 12 male students (age 23.7 ± 2.8 years, weight66.1 ± 11.4 kg, and VO2 max 2.53 L/min) in 2013. The heat strain score index (HSSI), skintemperature and oral temperature, and heartbeat in two phases with and without cooling vestwas measured during 30 min in a climatic chamber (temperature 38.8 ± 1.3°C humidityratio 32.9 ± 2.3%) and in two activity intensity of 2.4 and 4.8 km/h speed on the treadmill,and the data differences between groups “with” and “without” vest were tested by t‑test andrepeated measurement. The level of significance was considered as 0.05. Results: The changein heartbeat at two activities, the oral temperature and heat strain score at 4.8 km/h, did notdiffer significantly between groups (with and without vest), as expected (P > 0.05). However,the change in skin temperature at two activities, oral temperature and heat strain score at2.4 km/h, was significant between groups, as expected (P < 0.05). The average of skintemperature at 15th and 30th min during the experiment at two activities of 2.4 and 4.8 km/hwas significant. Conclusion: The findings of the study indicated that using the Iranian PCMcold vest in hot and dry climate can affect the reduction of skin temperature, oral temperature,and HSSI in light activities.

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The barriers to the application of the research findings from the nurses’ perspective: A case study in a teaching hospital

. Mohammadkarim Bahadori; . Mehdi Raadabadi; . Ramin Ravangard; . Behzad Mahaki

Volume 6, Issue 1 , 2016, Pages 1-7

Abstract

  Background: The application of the nursing research findings is one of the most importantindicators of development in the nursing profession, which leads to providing efficient andeffective ...  Read More Background: The application of the nursing research findings is one of the most importantindicators of development in the nursing profession, which leads to providing efficient andeffective patient care and improving the quality of nursing care. According the result of somestudies, transferring the evidence‑based findings to the nurses’ practice and education inthe world has been slow and sometimes unsuccessful. This study aimed to investigate themost important barriers to the application of research findings from the nurses’ perspective.Materials and Methods: This cross‑sectional study conducted on a sample of 210 nursesin a teaching hospital in Tehran in 2013. The data were collected using a researcher‑madequestionnaire consisted of two parts, including items about nurses’ demographic characteristicsand 30 items to identify the most important barriers to the application of research findings fromthe studied nurses’ perspective. Results: “The lack of sufficient time for reading the studies,”“the lack of sufficient time to implement the new ideas,” “the lack of adequate facilities toimplement the ideas,” “nurses’ little interest in conducting studies,” and “the lack of authorityto change the methods and patterns of care” with, respectively, 85%, 84.6%, 83.8%, 83.4%,and 80.5% agreement with the existence of barriers were the most barriers to application ofresearch findings from the studied nurses’ perspective. Conclusion: The lack of time was themost important barrier to the use of research findings from the perspective of studied nurses.Therefore, some effective strategies should be used by hospital managers and health policymakers to overcome this barrier. Some of these strategies can be employing new personneland hiring skilled and efficient human resources in order to decrease the workload of nurses,organizing the nurses’ work shifts, providing right balance between patients and nurses in thewards, etc.

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Factors affecting tea consumption pattern in an urban society in Isfahan, Iran

. Elahe Rezaee; . Maryam Mirlohi; . Akbar Hassanzadeh; . Azizolah Fallah

Volume 6, Issue 1 , 2016, Pages 1-5

Abstract

  Objective: To determine the tea consumption pattern in an urban society in Isfahan. Methods: A descriptive, cross‑sectional survey was carried out using questioner among 664 households ...  Read More Objective: To determine the tea consumption pattern in an urban society in Isfahan. Methods: A descriptive, cross‑sectional survey was carried out using questioner among 664 households who were selected by two steps cluster sampling. A questionnaire was developed including demographic questions, information on the quantity of tea intake by every member of the family, tea type, and tea brand preference. Results: The individuals who prioritized black tea as their 1st choice were 90.1% of the total surveyed community. The average amount of tea consumed was calculated as 1243 ± 530 ml/day. The individuals who were between 36 and 45 and <15 years old were shown as the highest and the lowest tea consumers, respectively. Men significantly consumed more amount of tea than women did and married participants significantly used more amount of tea than singles (P < 0.05). The number of the family members, though, had no impact on tea consumption (P > 0.05). Brand preference of tea showed that the individuals who prioritized Ahmed brand as their 1st choice constituted 44% of the total participants. Conclusion: Tea consumption pattern in an Iranian sample is specific. Despite of the huge evidence on the green tea benefits, this type of tea has very low popularity and among the available black tea brands, the imported ones are the most preferred. 

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Assessment of knowledge, attitude, and practice with regard to evidence‑based dentistry among dental students in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences

. Faezeh Eslamipour; . Marzieh Ghaiour

Volume 6, Issue 1 , 2016, Pages 1-6

Abstract

  Aim: Evidence‑based dentistry (EBD) is an approach to oral health that requires theapplication and examination of relevant scientific data related to the patient’s oral healthand ...  Read More Aim: Evidence‑based dentistry (EBD) is an approach to oral health that requires theapplication and examination of relevant scientific data related to the patient’s oral healthand his priorities. The aim of this study was to assess knowledge, attitude, and practice ofdental students of Isfahan about EBD. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study,168 dental students in 3 final years of their education who engaged in clinical practice byconsensus sampling were recruited. For data collection, a validated questionnaire was used.The questionnaire was consisted of demographic questions and some questions aboutfour issues: Knowledge of self‑assess (KSA), evidence‑based practice, actual knowledgeand attitude about EBD. Data were analyzed with t‑test, one‑way ANOVA, Chi‑square, andlinear regression with SPSS 16. Results: One hundred and thirty‑six students from 168students were filled the questionnaire. The mean of KSA was 13 ± 4.3, mean of usageof useful references in EBD was 16.9 ± 7.6. One‑third of students were studied their lastarticle in last 6 months before. The mean of actual knowledge and attitude was 7.4 ± 2.3and 24 ± 3.8, respectively. The relation between 4 main issues was significant (P < 0.05).Conclusion: By considering overall interest and positive attitude toward learning EBD indental students, it is highly recommended that practical educational courses about EBDbe planned by dental faculties.

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Evaluation of the knowledge level of health violations in food production, distribution, sales centers and public places and their authorities investigating among the women of Bushehr city

. Hamidreza Rassafiani; . Mahtab Ghazanfari; . Masoumeh Ravanipour; . Niloofar Motamed; . Maryam Ravanipour; . Dariush Ranjbar Vakilabadi; . Sedigheh Zare

Volume 6, Issue 1 , 2016, Pages 1-8

Abstract

  Background: Women and mothers are the most important educational audience to conveyhealth teachings. This study was aimed to evaluate the knowledge level of different typesof health ...  Read More Background: Women and mothers are the most important educational audience to conveyhealth teachings. This study was aimed to evaluate the knowledge level of different typesof health violations of food production, distribution, sale centers and public places; andauthorities investigating the violations among women referring to health care centers in Bushehr.Materials and Methods: In this descriptive‑analytical study, which was done cross‑sectionally,600 women who were referred to health care centers affiliated to the Bushehr University ofMedical Sciences was selected by convenience sampling. Two‑part questionnaire was usedto collect data: demographic information and a researcher‑designed knowledge surveyquestionnaire consisted of 25 questions with Cronbach’s alpha = 0.7. Data were analyzedwith the software SPSS version 13; using Chi‑square test and Phi and Cramer test. P ≤ 0.05was considered to be statistically significant. Results: The findings showed that 56.9% and26.5% of women had good and moderate knowledge levels regarding health violations,while the general knowledge level of authorities investigating health violations were at themoderate level among 57.3% and at the good level among 15.3% of women. Overall, therewas a significant relationship between education level and the women’s knowledge level ofhealth violations (P < 0.0001). The relationship between the women’s education level andauthorities investigating health violations was not significant (P = 0.073). Conclusion: Applyinginterventional methods of education in health violations to the women by health centers canelevate the level of health knowledge among them.

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Validity, reliability and factor analysis of Persian version of schizophrenia quality of life scale

. Nasrin Masaeli; . Victoria Omranifard; . Mohammad Reza Maracy; . Gholam Reza Kheirabadi; . Anahita Khedri

Volume 6, Issue 1 , 2016, Pages 1-5

Abstract

  Context: Exact measurement of quality of life (QOL) in schizophrenia patients for evaluationof the patient’s deterioration and also to assess the efficacy of therapeutic Interventions ...  Read More Context: Exact measurement of quality of life (QOL) in schizophrenia patients for evaluationof the patient’s deterioration and also to assess the efficacy of therapeutic Interventions hasbecome a daily task, which requires accurate assessment tools. Aims: This study was aimed toassess the psychometric properties of a Persian version of schizophrenia QOL scale (SQLS) asa common transcultural instrument. Settings and Design: One hundred and fifty schizophreniapatients who referred to Psychiatric Clinic in Noor Hospital (Isfahan, Iran) have been selectedusing simple sampling method. Subjects and Methods: Aside with SQLS, short form‑36general health (SF‑36) and World Health Organization QOL‑brief‑26 (WHOQOL‑BREF‑26).Questionnaires were completed by the cases for determination of correlation coefficients.Statistical Analysis Used: The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, factoranalysis, Cronbach’s coefficient alpha, Pearson correlation coefficient by StatisticalPackage for Social Sciences software, version 18 (SPSS‑18). Results: Total reliability ofthe questionnaire was reported by using Cronbach’s coefficient alpha 0.84, reliability ofindividual relationships subscales was 0.91, signs 0/87, symptoms 0/72 and motivation/energy 0/61. Correlation coefficients of SF‑36 with a total scale of SQLS and correlationcoefficient of WHOQOL‑BREF‑26 with a total scale of SQLS were acceptable. Exploratoryfactor analysis using varimax rotation identified four principle components (interpersonalrelationship, symptoms, signs, motivation, and energy), which will determine QOL at 52.7%variance. Conclusions: Persian version of the SQLS can be used as a simple, reliable andvalid tool in Iranian population.

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The effect of assisted reproduction treatment on mental health in fertile women

. Maryam Zivaridelavar; . Ashraf Kazemi; . Gholam Reza Kheirabadi

Volume 6, Issue 1 , 2016, Pages 1-5

Abstract

  Introduction: The process of assisted reproductive treatment is a stressful situation in thetreatment of infertile couples and it would harm the mental health of women. Fertile womenwho ...  Read More Introduction: The process of assisted reproductive treatment is a stressful situation in thetreatment of infertile couples and it would harm the mental health of women. Fertile womenwho started infertility treatment due to male factor infertility have reported to experienceless stress and depression than other women before the assisted reproductive process butconsidering the cultural and social factors and also the etiology of the assisted reproductiveprocess, it could affect the metal health of these women. Therefore, this study was conductedto evaluate the mental health of fertile women who undergo assisted reproductive treatmentdue to male factor infertility. Materials and Methods: This study was a prospective study on70 fertile women who underwent assisted reproductive treatment due to male factor infertility.The exclusion criterion was to stop super ovulation induction. To assess mental health,anxiety and depression dimensions of the general health questionnaire were used. Beforestarting ovulation induction and after oocyte harvesting, the general health questionnairewas filled by women who were under treatment. Data were analyzed using multi‑variablelinear regression, paired t‑test, and Chi‑square. Results: The results showed that the meanscore of depression and anxiety before ovulation induction and after oocyte harvesting werenot significantly different; but the rate of mental health disorder in the depression dimensionwas significantly decreased after oocytes harvesting (31.7% vs. 39.7%). Also, there was asignificant relation between the level of anxiety and depression before ovulation induction andafter oocyte harvesting (P < 0.05). The anxiety level after oocyte harvesting had a positiveand significant correlation with the economic situation (P < 0.05). Conclusion: This studyrevealed that the process of assisted reproductive treatment does not affect the mental healthin fertile women independently, but these women start assisted reproductive process withhigh levels of depression and anxiety. Therefore, prior to the assisted reproductive treatmentmental health consultation is needed.

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Effect of physical activity on musculoskeletal discomforts among handicraft workers

. Mahnaz Shakerian; . Masoud Rismanchian; . Pejman Khalili; . Akram Torki

Volume 6, Issue 1 , 2016, Pages 1-6

Abstract

  Introduction: Handicrafts seems to be one of the high‑risk jobs regarding work‑relatedmusculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) which necessitate the implementation of differentcorrective ...  Read More Introduction: Handicrafts seems to be one of the high‑risk jobs regarding work‑relatedmusculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) which necessitate the implementation of differentcorrective intervention like regular physical activities. This study aimed to investigate theimpact of physical activity on WMSDs among craftsmen. Methods: This cross‑sectional studywas an analytical – descriptive study carried out on 100 craftsmen working in Isfahan, Iran,in 2013. The sampling method was census, and all workshops involved with this job wereincluded. Information on demographic parameters and physical activity was collected bydemographic forms. The data related to worker’s musculoskeletal discomforts were conductedusing Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaire. The data were analyzed usingstatistical tests including independent t‑test, Chi‑square, and ANOVA. The statistical analysiswas performed using SPSS 18. Results: The highest percentages of complaints related tosevere musculoskeletal discomfort were reported in right shoulder (%36), right wrist (%26),neck (%25), and upper right arm (%24), respectively. A significant relationship was observedbetween physical activity and musculoskeletal discomforts of left wrist (P = 0.012), lowerback (P = 0.016), and neck (P = 0.006). Discussion and Conclusion: Based on the studyresults, it can be inferred that regular but not too heavy physical activity can have a positiveimpact on decreasing the musculoskeletal discomforts.

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Experience of Behvarzes (Iranian primary healthcare providers) from giving primary health services in health houses

. Mahrokh Keshvari; . Eesa Mohammadi; . Ziba Farajzadegan; . Ali Zargham‑Boroujeni

Volume 6, Issue 1 , 2016, Pages 1-7

Abstract

  Background: Primary healthcare (PHC) providers play a major role in provision of public healthin rural areas in Iran. They are considered as the key elements of health development in ...  Read More Background: Primary healthcare (PHC) providers play a major role in provision of public healthin rural areas in Iran. They are considered as the key elements of health development in ruralpopulation. There is limited research on clarification of their experiences from provision of healthservices in their working conditions. This study aimed to clarify the experience of PHC providersfrom working conditions in giving primary health services in health houses (district branches ofrural health care centers). Materials and Methods: This is a content analysis qualitative study,conducted through personal and group interviews with 12 health workers working in healthcare centers in rural areas in Isfahan province, 2010. Sampling continued until data saturation.Data were analyzed through conventional content analysis and constant comparative method.Results: Data analysis led to extraction of 11 categories, and finally, four themes of “ignoringthe rights,” “causing tension in working climate,” “pressure or overload of expectations beyondthe power,” and “occupational worn out” were yielded from the categories. These themes revealthe concepts and nature of PHC providers’ experiences from giving health care at health housesas the first level of PHC centers. Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that thePHC providers work in a tense condition in health houses. Although they devote themselvesto the health of society members, their own health is neglected. Policy makers and authoritiesshould amend working conditions of PHC providers through modification of resources andmaking supportive and collaborative strategies to improve the quality of services and promotethe health level of the service receivers.

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Effects of a family centered program on perceived social support in patients with congestive heart failure: An interventional study

. Mohsen Shahriari; . Nasrollah Alimohammadi; . Maryam Ahmadi

Volume 6, Issue 1 , 2016, Pages 1-6

Abstract

  Background and Objectives: Congestive heart failure is one of the most commoncardiovascular diseases that have a progressive and chronic trend and influences individuals’and their ...  Read More Background and Objectives: Congestive heart failure is one of the most commoncardiovascular diseases that have a progressive and chronic trend and influences individuals’and their families’ various dimensions. Social support is one of the psychosocial factors thatcan have a positive effect on individuals’ physical, mental and social status. Despite theexistence of evidences, revealing the importance of family’s support on patients’ condition,family centered supportive interventions with goal of clinical outcomes improvement havebeen less conducted among these patients. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigatethe effect of family supportive intervention on the level of the support, received among heartfailure patients. Materials and Methods: This is a two‑group two‑stage clinical trial, conductedon 64 patients with cardiac failure, referring to selected educational centers and meeting theinclusion criteria, who were selected through convenient sampling. They were assigned tostudy (n = 32) and control (n = 32) groups through random allocation. Data were collectedby questioning through a two‑section medical records questionnaire and were analyzed bySPSS. Results: Results of the study showed that mean scores of received support score were13.7 (3.8) in the study and 0.8 (2.4) in the control group. Independent t‑test showed a significantdifference in mean changes of perceived support scores after the intervention between studyand control groups (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Based on familial dimension in social supporthave a positive effect on patients’ perceived support. Nurses, as professional members ofhealth care team, and with an important role in education and care of cardiac failure patients,can support, educate and guide these patients through designing appropriate care plans andeducating their family members.

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Effect of anger management education on mental health and aggression of prisoner women

. Elaheh Bahrami; . Maryam Amidi Mazaheri; . Akbar Hasanzadeh

Volume 6, Issue 1 , 2016, Pages 1-5

Abstract

  Background and Purpose: “Uncontrolled anger” threats the compatible and health of peopleas serious risk. The effects of weaknesses and shortcomings in the management of ...  Read More Background and Purpose: “Uncontrolled anger” threats the compatible and health of peopleas serious risk. The effects of weaknesses and shortcomings in the management of anger,from personal distress and destruction interpersonal relationships beyond and linked to thepublic health problems, lack of compromises, and aggressive behavior adverse outcomes.This study investigates the effects of anger management education on mental health andaggression of prisoner women in Isfahan. Materials and Methods: The single‑groupquasi‑experimental (pretest, posttest) by prisoner women in the central prison of Isfahan wasdone. Multi‑stage random sampling method was used. Initially, 165 women were selectedrandomly and completed the Buss and Perry Aggression Questionnaire and the General HealthQuestionnaire‑28, and among these, those with scores >78 (the cut point) in aggression scalewas selected and among them 70 were randomly selected. In the next step, interventions infour 90 min training sessions were conducted. Posttest was performed within 1‑month afterthe intervention. Data were analyzed using SPSS‑20 software. Results: Data analysis showedthat anger management training was effective in reducing aggression (P < 0.001) and alsohad a positive effect on mental health (P < 0.001). Conclusion: According to the importanceof aggression in consistency and individual and collective health and according to findings,presented educational programs on anger management is essential for female prisoners.

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Effect of self-instructional module on knowledge about ebola virus disease among Nigerian University students in Bengaluru, India

. Chinomso U. Nwozichi; . Foluso O. Ojewole; . Adekunbi A. Farotimi; . Tolulope D. Ojediran

Volume 6, Issue 1 , 2016, Pages 1-5

Abstract

  Background: The knowledge about Ebola virus disease (EVD) is very crucial in the responseto the recent outbreak and in order to control its spread. This study was conducted to assessthe ...  Read More Background: The knowledge about Ebola virus disease (EVD) is very crucial in the responseto the recent outbreak and in order to control its spread. This study was conducted to assessthe effectiveness of self‑instructional module (SIM) in enhancing knowledge of EVD amongNigerian students in Bengaluru, India. Materials and Methods: A pre‑experimental study designwas employed, and a simple random sampling technique was used to select 60 participants.A pretest was conducted with the tool to assess the baseline knowledge of participants afterwhich SIM was administered to all the participants in two episodes. The posttest was conductedafter 7 days using the same tool to assess any gain in knowledge among the participants.Data were analyzed using SPSS at an alpha level of 0.001 and Descriptive analysis (such aspercentage, frequency, mean and standard deviation [SD]) as well as independent t‑test wasconducted. Results: Findings showed that the majority of the participants (53%) were males,studying for the undergraduate degree (85%), 36 participants (60%) were in arts/social courses.More than average of the participants (67%) had spent only 1‑year in India. Majority (53.3%)had average knowledge but after the administration of the SIM, majority had very goodknowledge about EVD. The mean pretest knowledge score was 16.03 with an SD of 2.951while the mean posttest knowledge score was 28.22 with SD of 3.273. The calculated t valuewas 21.432 (P < 0.001). Conclusion: SIM was observed to be very effective in this study andtherefore should be adopted by health personnel in order to convey health‑related informationto the public.

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Coverage of health‑related articles in major local newspapers of Manipur

. Sourabh Paul; . Akoijam Brogen Singh

Volume 6, Issue 1 , 2016, Pages 1-5

Abstract

  Background: Newspapers have immense potential for generating health awareness on diverseissues such as hygiene, immunization, environmental pollution, and communicable disease. Thepresent ...  Read More Background: Newspapers have immense potential for generating health awareness on diverseissues such as hygiene, immunization, environmental pollution, and communicable disease. Thepresent study was conducted to determine the frequency of coverage and types of health‑relatedarticles published in local newspapers of Manipur. Materials and Methods: This was across‑sectional study conducted among the most regularly published 10 local newspapers(4 English and 6 Manipuri) of Manipur from February 2011 to January 2012. Health‑relatedarticles published in everyday local newspapers were collected after careful search and finallyentered into a design Proforma under different categories. Data were analyzed using SPSSversion 16. Results: Total health‑related articles published were 10,874 and maximum articleswere published during February (12.8%). Maximum health‑related articles were published onWednesday (16.1%). Among all the health‑related articles, almost half were related with injuryfollowed by public health articles. Maximum public health and injury‑related articles werepublished on Monday, but medical topics were published more on Wednesday. Newspapersof both the languages were publishing public health articles more compared to medicaltopics. Public health (72.9%) and injury‑related articles (95.9%) were published maximum inthe news items section, but medical topics (45.8%) were published maximum in the healthsection of the newspaper. Newspapers of both the languages published maximum small sizearticles. Conclusions: There is a room for improvement for newspapers of both the languagesregarding number of health‑related articles’ publication, section of publication, and size of thehealth articles.

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Does Islamic spiritual program lead to successful aging? A randomized clinical trial

. Mahin Moeini; . Somaye Sharifi; . Zahra Zandiyeh

Volume 6, Issue 1 , 2016, Pages 1-7

Abstract

  Context: Successful aging is a pattern of aging that has gained much attention during recentyears. One factor that has a negative impact on successful aging variables is hypertension. ...  Read More Context: Successful aging is a pattern of aging that has gained much attention during recentyears. One factor that has a negative impact on successful aging variables is hypertension. Thephenomenon of aging when accompanied with hypertension promotes spiritual needs. The aimof this study was to examine the effect of the Islamic spiritual program on successful aging inelderly patients with hypertension who were referred to health centers of Isfahan, Iran, in 2014.Settings and Design: This study was a randomized clinical trial. Materials and Methods: Theparticipants (52 elderly patients with hypertension) were randomly divided into experimentaland control groups. While the control group received training related to health promotion, theIslamic spiritual program was implemented in the experimental group for eight sessions in twohealth centers of Isfahan. The data collection tools consisted of the 12‑item General HealthQuestionnaire developed by Goldberg and the satisfaction with life scale developed by Diener.The questionnaires were completed in three steps; pretest, posttest, and follow‑up (1‑month).Statistical Analysis Used: Data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software version 20and Chi‑square, independent t‑test, and repeated measures ANOVA. Results: Statistical testsshowed that the mean score of general health and life satisfaction of the experiment group hada meaningful difference from that of the control group in the posttest stage (P < 0.001). Thisdifference was also meaningful in the follow‑up stage (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The results of thestudy indicated the effectiveness of an Islamic spiritual program on successful aging variables.

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The effect of an instructional program based on health belief model in decreasing cesarean rate among primiparous pregnant mothers

. Laleh Hassani; . Teamur Aghamolaei; . Amin Ghanbarnejad; . Sakineh Dadipoor

Volume 6, Issue 1 , 2016, Pages 1-5

Abstract

  Introduction: Although cesarean section has saved many mothers’ and infants’ lives,the problem is in its increasing prevalence. According to recent statistics, the current ...  Read More Introduction: Although cesarean section has saved many mothers’ and infants’ lives,the problem is in its increasing prevalence. According to recent statistics, the current rateof cesarean in Iran is in fact 3–4 times as more than the standard rate defined by WHO.Therefore, the present study is aimed to estimate the effect of an instructional program basedon health belief model on reducing cesarean rate among primiparous pregnant women.Materials and Methods: In this semi‑experimental research, 60 primiparous women whohad visited Bandar Abbas Healthcare Centers were selected as the subjects. They were intheir 26–30th week of pregnancy. They were selected in a multi‑stage cluster sampling method(a combination of clustering and simple randomization), and were divided into two groups,subjects and control group. The data were gathered using a valid and reliable questionnaire.The instructional intervention was done after the completion of the pretest questionnaire basedon the sub‑constructs of the health belief model in six instructional sessions. 1 month after theintervention, posttest questionnaires were completed by the subjects in both groups. The datawere analyzed using descriptive statistics, standard deviation, independent t‑test, and pairedt‑test. The significance level was set at <0.05. Results: Two groups had a significant differencebetween awareness score, perceived sensitivity, intensity, benefits, barriers, self‑efficacy, andthe performance (P < 0.001). In the experimental group, nine subjects (30%) had a naturaldelivery. Conclusion: According to the findings of the current research, an instructional programilluminated (designed) by the health belief model can significantly influence pregnant women’sawareness, intention, and choice of delivery type.

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