Authors
- . Hamidreza Rassafiani
- . Mahtab Ghazanfari 1
- . Masoumeh Ravanipour 1
- . Niloofar Motamed 2
- . Maryam Ravanipour 3
- . Dariush Ranjbar Vakilabadi 4
- . Sedigheh Zare 4
1 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health,
2 Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine,
3 The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
4 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health
Abstract
Background: Women and mothers are the most important educational audience to convey
health teachings. This study was aimed to evaluate the knowledge level of different types
of health violations of food production, distribution, sale centers and public places; and
authorities investigating the violations among women referring to health care centers in Bushehr.
Materials and Methods: In this descriptive‑analytical study, which was done cross‑sectionally,
600 women who were referred to health care centers affiliated to the Bushehr University of
Medical Sciences was selected by convenience sampling. Two‑part questionnaire was used
to collect data: demographic information and a researcher‑designed knowledge survey
questionnaire consisted of 25 questions with Cronbach’s alpha = 0.7. Data were analyzed
with the software SPSS version 13; using Chi‑square test and Phi and Cramer test. P ≤ 0.05
was considered to be statistically significant. Results: The findings showed that 56.9% and
26.5% of women had good and moderate knowledge levels regarding health violations,
while the general knowledge level of authorities investigating health violations were at the
moderate level among 57.3% and at the good level among 15.3% of women. Overall, there
was a significant relationship between education level and the women’s knowledge level of
health violations (P < 0.0001). The relationship between the women’s education level and
authorities investigating health violations was not significant (P = 0.073). Conclusion: Applying
interventional methods of education in health violations to the women by health centers can
elevate the level of health knowledge among them.
Keywords
Tehran: Andishehrafie; 2002.
2. Alan DF, editor. Food Hygiene. 1st ed. Tehran: Noordanesh; 2000.
3. Mostafaei F, Samadnejad F, Parandan G, editors. Evaluation of
Problems and Challenges of Environmental Health Inspectors in
Monitoring and Control of Public Places and the Food Production,
Distribution and Sale Centers in Kurdistan Province in 2008.
Prossiding of 12th National Conference on Environmental Health.
Tehran, Iran: Shahid Beheshty University; 2009.
4. Article 13 of the Law on Edible, Potable, Cosmetic and Hygienic
Materials enacted by the Islamic Consultative Assembly; November,
2000. Available from: http://behdasht.gov.ir/?siteid=1&pageid=12
961&newsview=3893. [Last cited on 2009 May 23].
5. Ministry of Justices. Available from: http://www.justice.ir_Portal_
Home_Default.aspx. [Last cited on 2014 Jul 10].
6. Biglou JG, editor. Regulation of Health. 1st ed. Tehran: Kiajour; 2011.
7. Mansoury M. Mothers are Goalkeepers to Feed their Family; 2014.
Available from: http://www.aftabir.com/articles/view/health_
therapy/nutrition_health. [Last cited on 2011 May 28].
8. Tabatabaee SM. Women Role in Providing Healthy Food. Zabol
Medical Science University: Golden Horizon Health Magazine; 2014.
Available from: http://www.zuhen.persianblog.ir/post/232. [Last
cited on 2010 Feb 6].
9. Mesdaghynia A. The Women as the Helm of their Healthy Family.
Islamic Republic News Agency; 2014. Available from: http://www.
kerman.irna.ir/News/30398639. [Last cited on 2011 May 23].
10. Kashi GH, Javaheri Z, editors. Evaluation of Knowledge, Attitude
and Practice of Referring to the Selected Health Centers about
Municipal Waste Recycling in the City of Ardabil in 1388. Proceeding
of 9th National Congress on Environmental Health. Esfahan, Iran:
Esfahan Medical University; 2006.11. Mofrad MR, Miranzadeh MB, Akbary H, editors. Assessment of
Knowledge of Kashan’s Housewives in the Field of Solid Waste
Recovery in 2003. Proceeding of 8th National Conference on
Environmental Health. Tehran, Iran: Tehran Medical University; 2005.
12. Jevsnik M, Hlebec V, Raspor P. Consumers’ awareness of food
safety from shopping to eating. Food Control 2008;19:737‑45.
13. Karimi M, Farsad M, Mazloomi SS, Sadeghi MT. The impact of
health education on the healthy knowledge and practice of staff of
food production, distribution and sales centers of Yazd (1998‑2002).
J Shaeed Sdoughi Univ Med Sci Yazd 2003;1:16‑22.
14. Khairuzzaman MD, Chowdhury FM, Zaman SH, Al Mamun A, Latiful
Bar MD. Food safety challenges towards safe, healthy and nutritious
street foods in Bangladesh. Foods. Int J Food Sci. 2014;1:1‑9.
15. Mobasheri E, Sedehi M, Golalipour MJ. Awareness regarding
consumption of folic acid in rural pregnant women in Northern Iran.
Iran J Obstet Gynecol Infertil 2012;15:1‑7.
16. Moghaddam MH. Survey on knowledge, attitude and practice of
15‑49 years age group married women related to Pap smear test
in Yazd city in 2001. J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 2003;13:79‑85.
17. Salarkia N, Aminpour A, Ghomizadeh NM. Assessment of Knowledge,
Belief and Feeding Behavior of Urban Educated and Less Educated
Women in Health Food. Proceeding of 9th Congress of Iranian
Nutrition. Tabriz, Iran: Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; 2006.
18. Motamedrezaei O, Moodi M, Miri MR, Khodadadi M. The effect of
nutrition and food hygieneeducation on the knowledge of female
elementary school teachers in city of ferdows. J Educ Health Promot
2013;2:10.
19. Bolton DJ, Meally A, Blair IS, McDowell DA, Cowan C. Food safety
knowledge of head chefs and catering managers in Ireland. Food
Control 2008;19:291‑300.
20. Haji Foghaha M, Keshavarz T. The rate of midwives ‘awareness of
working at midwifery offices, hospitals and clinics in Shiraz from
Islamic punishment laws related to medical practitioners in 2007.
Sci J Forensic Med 2008;14:18‑21.
21. Hosseini ZS, Rashidi S, Abedian K. Awareness of midwives
of the law and using drugs in midwiferies. Sci J Forensic Med
2005;11:132‑5.
22. Yaghoubi M, Farahzad GH, Esmaeili H. The Effect of Applying Article
13 of the Law of Edible, Potable, Cosmetic, and Health Indicators
Offending Restaurant City Torghabeh Shandiz in 2011. Proceeding
of 16th Congress of Environmental Health. Tabriz, Iran: Tabriz
University of Medical Sciences; 2013.
23. Sharifirad GR, Tol A, Mohebi S, Matlabi M, Shahnazi H, Shahsiah M.
The effectiveness of nutrition education program based on health
belief model compared with traditional training. J Educ Health
Promot 2013;2:15.
24. Haghighi SH, Toyeserkani A. Assessment of Knowledge and Practice
of Women Referring to the Torab Health Center (Zone 3 of Tehran)
in Relation to the Consumption of Fish and its Influencing Factors.
Proceeding of 9th Congress of Iranian Nutrition. Tabriz, Iran: Tabriz
University of Medical Sciences; 2006.
25. Azizi A, Amirian F, Amirian M. Effects of knowledge, attitude
and practice of married women with community oriented
medical education in City of Kermanshah City on Iodized Salt
Consumption (2004). Iran J Endocrinol Metab 2008;10:205‑10.
26. Ghasemi F, Valizadeh F, Taei N. Assessment of the Knowledge of
Mothers Referred to Health Centers in Khorramabad on Preventing
food Poisoning in 2004. Proceeding of 9th Congress of Iranian
Nutrition. Tabriz, Iran: Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; 2006.
27. Mazaheri E, Balil FE, Fuladi N, Yazdani A. Comparison of Knowledge
and Attitudes of Pregnant Women Exposed to the Cigarette Smoke
and their Smoker’s Husbands Referring to Health Centers of
Ardebil About the Effect of Cigarette. Proceeding of the 3th Student
Congress. Ardabil, Iran: Ardebil University of Medical Sciences;
2011.
28. Selden CR, Zorn M, Ratzan S, Parker RM. Health Literacy. National
Institutes of Health. Bethesda, Maryland: National Library of
Medicine; 2000.
)