Journal of Education and Health Promotion

The effect of educational intervention on the quality of life of family caregivers of hemodialysis patients: A randomized controlled trial

. Reza Sotoudeh; . Mousa Alavi

Volume 13, Issue 2 , February 2023, , Pages 1-7

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Family caregivers of hemodialysis patients experience various physical,psychological, social, economic, and spiritual problems that reduce their quality of life. The presentstudy ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Family caregivers of hemodialysis patients experience various physical,psychological, social, economic, and spiritual problems that reduce their quality of life. The presentstudy aimed to determine the effect of a family‑centered education program on the quality of life offamily caregivers of patients undergoing hemodialysis.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a randomized controlled trial that was performed on 70caregivers of patients undergoing hemodialysis in the medical centers of Hazrate Ali Asghar andHazrate Zahraye Marzieh in Isfahan. Caregivers were randomly divided into experimental and controlgroups, and the experimental group received an eight‑session family‑centered education program.Data were collected using the Quality of Life Scale (QOLS)‑short form immediately after and 1 monthafter the intervention. Data analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the SocialSciences (SPSS) software version 18 and analysis of variance and covariance.RESULTS: The results showed that both experimental and control groups were homogeneous interms of demographic information and there was no significant difference between them in this regard.Analysis of data on quality of life and its four domains showed that the mean scores of quality oflife (P = 0.089) and its four domains including physical health (P = 0.367), mental health (P = 0.429),community relations (P = 0.132), and environmental health (P = 0.232) increased significantlyimmediately after and 1 month after the intervention (P < 0.001 in all cases).CONCLUSION: Educational programs can improve the quality of life of family caregivers ofhemodialysis patients. Therefore, it is recommended that programs be developed and evaluated invarious studies in the future.

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The effectiveness of group intervention focused on intolerance of uncertainty on psychological distress and quality of life in multiple sclerosis patients

. Hani Rahimi; . Mohammadreza Pirmoradi; . Fahimeh Fathali Lavasani; . Hojjatollah Farahani

Volume 13, Issue 1 , January 2023, , Pages 1-8

Abstract

  AIM AND BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a long‑course incurable disease as well as anunknown prognosis causing patients to experience a variety of psychological outcomes. Meanwhile,inability ...  Read More AIM AND BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a long‑course incurable disease as well as anunknown prognosis causing patients to experience a variety of psychological outcomes. Meanwhile,inability to control the disease‑related uncertainty leads to the use of maladaptive coping strategies,causing more psychological distress. This study investigated the effectiveness of intervention focusedon the intolerance of uncertainty on psychological distress and quality of life in MS patients.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This research adopted a true experimental design. All phases of thestudy were conducted online due to the COVID‑19 pandemic during 2021 in Tehran. The statisticalpopulation of the study was purposefully selected from among MS patients and was randomly assignedto three groups of 20: IU intervention and two control groups (cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)and treatment as usual (TAU) groups). The study included pre‑test, post‑test, and follow‑up stages.The outcome measures of the study included the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS‑21) aswell as Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life‑54 (MSQoL‑54). Mixed analysis of variance was used toanalyze the data.RESULTS: The results showed that IU intervention compared to CBT, is more effective onpsychological distress (depression P = 0.006, anxiety P = 0.01, and stress P = 0.01) and quality oflife (P = 0.001) in MS patients. Nonetheless, IU‑focused intervention is more effective than TAU onpsychological distress (depression P = 0.0001, anxiety P = 0.0001, stress P = 0.0001) as well asquality of life (P = 0.0001) in these patients.CONCLUSIONS: IU‑based intervention can reduce psychological distress and improve quality oflife of MS patients. Accepting uncertainty can reduce the anxiety and stress of MS patients whichcan increase the quality of life of these patients.

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Investigating the effect of implementing a program based on transitional care model on the quality of life and the ability of doing activities of daily living among patients with stroke

. Samira Bavarsad; . Shahla Abolhassani; . Mohammad Saadatnia

Volume 12, Issue 11 , December 2022, , Pages 1-7

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Stroke is one of the major causes of disability among individuals. Transitional careof a stroke patient can contribute to sustaining and enhancing the quality of care. The ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Stroke is one of the major causes of disability among individuals. Transitional careof a stroke patient can contribute to sustaining and enhancing the quality of care. The aim of thisstudy is to determine the effect of implementing a program based on the transitional care model onthe quality of life and ability of doing daily activities among patients suffering from stroke.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This research was an interventional study performed on 80 patientswith stroke referring to the hospitals affiliated with Isfahan University of medical sciences. For datacollection, demographic, quality of life measurement following stroke, and Bartell index of dailyactivity measurement questionnaires were used at the beginning of the study and 10 weeks followingdischarge. The transitional care model was undertaken for the intervention group from the secondday of hospitalization until 10 weeks postdischarge. The data were analyzed using SPSS softwareand statistical methods.RESULTS: The results indicated that the mean quality of life and ability of performing the activitieschanged significantly after the intervention between the two groups, with the mean changes of thesescores becoming significant compared to the preintervention between the two groups (P < 0.05). Inboth groups, the mean value of these scores increased after the study compared to the baseline,though this increase was greater in the intervention group.CONCLUSION: Implementing the transitional care model could contribute to improving the qualityof life and performing the daily activities among stroke patients.Keywords:BACKGROUND: Stroke is one of the major causes of disability among individuals. Transitional careof a stroke patient can contribute to sustaining and enhancing the quality of care. The aim of thisstudy is to determine the effect of implementing a program based on the transitional care model onthe quality of life and ability of doing daily activities among patients suffering from stroke.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This research was an interventional study performed on 80 patientswith stroke referring to the hospitals affiliated with Isfahan University of medical sciences. For datacollection, demographic, quality of life measurement following stroke, and Bartell index of dailyactivity measurement questionnaires were used at the beginning of the study and 10 weeks followingdischarge. The transitional care model was undertaken for the intervention group from the secondday of hospitalization until 10 weeks postdischarge. The data were analyzed using SPSS softwareand statistical methods.RESULTS: The results indicated that the mean quality of life and ability of performing the activitieschanged significantly after the intervention between the two groups, with the mean changes of thesescores becoming significant compared to the preintervention between the two groups (P < 0.05). Inboth groups, the mean value of these scores increased after the study compared to the baseline,though this increase was greater in the intervention group.CONCLUSION: Implementing the transitional care model could contribute to improving the qualityof life and performing the daily activities among stroke patients.

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Depression and quality of life among elderly: Comparative cross‑sectional study between elderly in community and old age homes in Eastern India

. Soumya S. Sahoo; . Vazinder Kaur; . Udit K. Panda; . Bhola Nath; . Pragyan P. Parija; . Dinesh P. Sahu

Volume 12, Issue 8 , September 2022, , Pages 1-7

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Depression among elderly is an emerging public health concern. Along with othercomorbidities, depression affects the quality of life and functional ability of the geriatric ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Depression among elderly is an emerging public health concern. Along with othercomorbidities, depression affects the quality of life and functional ability of the geriatric population.This study aimed to assess the depression and quality of life among elderly and compare theseparameters among the inhabitants of old age home and in the community.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross‑sectional study was conducted among the elderly of thecommunity and old‑age homes in the urban areas of Raipur, Chhattisgarh between March andJuly 2016. Hundred elderly (50 in each group) participated in the study. Geriatric Depression Scale15 (GDS‑15) and Older People Quality of Life (OPQoL)‑35 scale were used to assess the geriatricdepression and quality of life, respectively. Association between depression and demographicvariables were analyzed by Chi‑square/Fisher’s exact test. Pearson’s correlation coefficient wascalculated between GDS‑15 and OPQoL‑35 scale.RESULTS: The prevalence of geriatric depression was 59%. Quality of life was better among theold‑age home elderly participants than that of community elderly when compared for score of lifeover all (11.78 vs. 13.56), health (12.8 vs. 14.0), social relationship (10.48 vs. 13.9), control overlife (11.92 vs. 14.08), home and neighborhoods (9.38 vs. 12.36), psychological and emotionalwellbeing (10.96 vs. 13.7), financial circumstances (14.5 vs. 16.7), and leisure and activities (13.86 vs.15.28). Moderate positive correlation was observed between depression and quality of life.CONCLUSION: The higher prevalence in our study emphasizes the need to delineate the actualburden in the elderly population and provide necessary supportive measures. It needs to be addressedadequately through a coordinated primary care approach and community and social support. Timelyand adequate management of depression can improve the quality‑of‑life outcomes.

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Health‑related quality of life among adult patients with visual impairments in Yazd, Iran

. Mehdi Raadabadi; . Sara Emamgholipour; . Rajabali Daroudi; . Farzan Madadizadeh; . Amirreza Veisi

Volume 12, Issue 6 , July 2022, , Pages 1-8

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Visual impairment (VI) is one of the major public health problems that cause suffering, disability, loss of productivity, and reduced quality of life (QoL). This study ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Visual impairment (VI) is one of the major public health problems that cause suffering, disability, loss of productivity, and reduced quality of life (QoL). This study aimed to evaluate the health‑related QoL (HRQoL) among adults with visual problems in 2021.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This analytical cross‑sectional study was conducted on 300 patients with VIs referring to ophthalmology centers in Yazd, Iran. Data were collected through face‑to‑face interviews using EQ‑5D, visual analog scale (VAS), and demographic information questionnaires. The results were analyzed using independent sample t‑test, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson correlation coefficient, and adjusted limited dependent variable mixture model (ALDVMM) model by STATA, and SPSS.RESULTS: The mean and standard deviation of EQ‑5D‑5 L index and EQ‑VAS score in the studied patients were 0.68 ± 0.25 and 72.46 ± 19.36, respectively. Most problems at unable/extreme level were related to the mobility dimension (12%) and the usual activities dimension (9%). Factors related to HRQoL scores using ALDVMM model showed that divorced or widow marital status, age over 50, having strabismus, and acuter visual problems had significant negative effects on EQ‑5D‑5 L index values (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that HRQoL was moderate in patients with VIs and reduced in patients with high disease severity, old age, lack of a spouse, retirement, and nonuniversity education. As a result, socioeconomic and demographic characteristics were required to be considered in visual health policies.

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Quality of life and empowerment among women

. Purnima Kundu; . Linu Sara George; . Renjulal Yesodharan

Volume 12, Issue 5 , June 2022, , Pages 1-6

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Few women in history were respected by society because of their contributionsto the field of science, arts, politics, and so on, but in general, women are deprived of their ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Few women in history were respected by society because of their contributionsto the field of science, arts, politics, and so on, but in general, women are deprived of their rightsand being refrained from decision‑making in major areas of individual and family life. This researchtried to investigate the degree of empowerment and quality of life (QOL) of the women to find outthe relationship between empowerment and QOL of women.MATERIALS AND METHODS: An exploratory survey was carried out among 210 purposively selectedmarried women aged between 20 and 49 years in a selected municipality area of West Bengal.Data were obtained by one‑to‑one interviews using Women Empowerment Interview Schedule andWHOQOL Scale BREF.RESULTS: The mean total QOL score of the women was found as 98.59 ± 13.61. The transformedscores in the physical, psychological, social relation, and environmental domains were 74.92 ± 14.97,66.58 ± 15.78, 81.00 ± 18.07, and 65.28 ± 17.99, respectively. The degree of empowerment wascalculated as 64.71 ± 6.79. Among the women, 5% had poor, 62% had medium, and 33% had ahigh degree of empowerment. A weak positive correlation (r = 0.325, P = 0.001) was found betweenQOL and empowerment. Significant associations were established between empowerment andeducation (Fisher’s exact = 13.975 [0.007]) and education gap with husband (Fisher’s Exact = 8.68,P 0.069). Multiple regression analysis between empowerment dimensions and QOL shows thatpersonal or family dimensions, including health, are a significant predictor for the QOL (P < 0.01).CONCLUSION: Most of the women had medium degree of empowerment. Increased degree ofempowerment improves their QOL of women. Women should be aware of their rights that canenhance the empowerment in different dimensions of life.

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What do parents of children with autism spectrum disorder think about their quality of life? A qualitative study

. Samaneh Abolkheirian; . Roya Sadeghi; . Davoud Shojaeizadeh

Volume 12, Issue 5 , June 2022, , Pages 1-9

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Living with children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can affect differentaspects of parents’ physical and mental health and quality of life. This study aimed to ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Living with children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can affect differentaspects of parents’ physical and mental health and quality of life. This study aimed to identify parents’perceptions of their quality of life and factors influencing such perceptions and investigate how theycope with difficulties in their daily lives.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was conducted using a qualitative research design to gaininsight into how children with ASD may influence their parents’ quality of life. A total of 31 parentsand school counselors were selected by the snowball sampling method in autism schools in Tehranin the academic year 2018–2019. Semi‑structured interviews were used to collect the data. Eachinterview was held based on a preprepared guideline by the researchers. In‑depth questions werealso asked as needed. Finally, the data were analyzed using the content analysis approach.RESULTS: The participants reported a variety of difficulties and crises to cope with in their dailylives. The factors reported to decrease the quality of life were categorized into six main themes and20 subthemes. The main themes included “family interactions,” “parenting,” “daily living,” “health,”“financial issues,” and “community‑related.”CONCLUSIONS: Due to the diversity and multilevel factors affecting the quality of life of parentshaving children with ASD, it is essential to adopt a comprehensive approach with the participationof all stakeholders in the development, design, and implementation of future interventions.

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Perceived stress and quality of life among frontline nurses fighting against COVID‑19: A web‑based cross‑sectional study

. Sajedeh Amjadi; . Sepideh Mohammadi; . Ali Khojastehrad

Volume 12, Issue 4 , April 2022, , Pages 1-7

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease‑2019 (COVID‑19) crisis has changed many aspects of frontline nurses’ lives. Nurses caring for patients with COVID‑19 reported experiencing ...  Read More BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease‑2019 (COVID‑19) crisis has changed many aspects of frontline nurses’ lives. Nurses caring for patients with COVID‑19 reported experiencing significant psychological distress and work‑related anxiety. This study aimed to assess the perceived stress and quality of life among frontline nurses fighting against COVID‑19.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This web‑based cross‑sectional study was conducted on 322 frontline nurses fighting against COVID‑19 in hospitals affiliated to Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. Data were collected using the two following online questionnaires: the Perceived Stress Scale and World Health Organization Quality of Life-Brief. Data were compiled from October 23, 2020, to November 25, 2020. Data were analyzed using the independent sample t‑test, Pearson’s correlation test, and regression analysis test in the SPSS‑21.RESULTS: Average perceived stress scores was 30.27 (standard deviation [SD] = 7.01). Average quality of life subscale scores consist of physical health, psychological health, social relationships, and environment were 57.71 (SD = 12.74), 44.3 (SD = 15.58), 45.61 (SD = 16.99), and 47.6 (SD = 18.11), respectively. There was an inverse significant association between all the subscales of quality of life and perceived stress (P = 0.008). Based on the multiple linear regression analysis, the variables of age, gender, marital status, and perceived stress were the significant predictors of quality of life subscales.CONCLUSIONS: Paying serious attention to addressing the concerns of frontline nurses, especially those who are at high risk, is necessary. It is recommended to take action as soon as possible to reduce the perceived stress and improve quality of life on nurses who care for patients with COVID‑19.

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The effect of counseling based on acceptance and commitment therapy on anxiety, depression, and quality of life among female adolescent students

. Sayeh Shiri; . Azizeh Farshbaf‑Khalili; . Khalil Esmaeilpour; . Niloofar Sattarzadeh

Volume 12, Issue 2 , February 2022, , Pages 1-10

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Adolescence is a stressful time period. Adolescents experience new changes physically, mentally, emotionally, and socially. The purpose of this study was to determine ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Adolescence is a stressful time period. Adolescents experience new changes physically, mentally, emotionally, and socially. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on anxiety (primary outcome), depression, and quality of life (secondary outcomes) of adolescents.MATERIALS AND METHOD: This was a quasi‑experimental study with pre and postintervention design. One hundred female students aged 16–18 years with mild to moderate anxiety selected through multistage cluster sampling from five educational districts of Tabriz. During six group counseling sessions, students were consulted with the acceptance and commitment approach according to the protocol. Beck Anxiety and Depression Inventory and the World Health Organization brief Quality of Life Questionnaire consultation were completed before, immediately after, and 8 weeks after the consultation. Data were analyzed using repeated measure ANCOVA.RESULTS: The mean anxiety score decreased significantly immediately after the intervention (mean difference [MD]: −4.0, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −5.9 to − 2.0; P < 0.001) and 8 weeks later (MD: −3.9, 95% CI: −5.8 to − 1.9; P < 0.001). The mean depression score immediately (P < 0.001) and 8 weeks after intervention (MD; −4.2, CI: −1.6 to − 6.8), P < 0.001) declined significantly. The mean overall quality of life score increased significantly after the intervention (P < 0.001) and 8 weeks later (MD: 4.7, 95% CI: 7.1–2.3, P < 0.001) compared to baseline.CONCLUSIONS: Based on the effectiveness of counseling based on ACT on anxiety, depression, and quality of life in the female students with the mild and moderate anxiety over time, it can be used as a helpful method in high schools.

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The relationship between health‑related quality of life of students at Tehran University of Medical Sciences and their knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding COVID‑19 in 2020

. Reza Heidari‑Soureshjani; . Tayeb Mohammadi; . Ali Hashemi‑Shahraki; . Roya Khorrami Estakhri; . Arezoo Rasti

Volume 12, Issue 2 , February 2022, , Pages 1-11

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Present study attempts to investigate health‑related quality of life (HRQoL) and its relation with knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of students of Tehran ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Present study attempts to investigate health‑related quality of life (HRQoL) and its relation with knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of students of Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) during this pandemic.MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cross‑sectional study which was conducted between 23 may to 21 June 2020, 470 students in different levels of TUMS were included to the study randomly. participants completed validate, designed online questionnaire which assessed KAP towards coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‑19) and HRQoL. All statistical tests were applied, including Chi‑square and Fisher’s exact test, Partial correlation, analysis of variance, multiple linear regression, multiple binary and multinomial logistic regression models (P < 0.05) and were performed in SPSS 16, R 4.0.2, and GraphPad Prism 6.0 softwares.RESULTS: A total of 470 students were included in the study. The overall correct answer rate of the COVID‑19 knowledge questionnaire was 74.43% and total score of the HRQoL was 72.50 (14.85). 61.7% of the students were agreed that COVID‑19 will finally be successfully controlled, 44.3% had confidence that Iran can win the battle against the COVID‑19, and 92.6% agreed that Quarantine will reduce the prevalence of COVID‑19. Most of them adhered to health protocols and about a relation between HRQoL and knowledge we have a weak positive and unsignificant correlation between them (r = 0.05, P = 0.27).CONCLUSIONS: TUMS students showed expected levels of knowledge, proper attitudes, and preemptive practices regarding COVID‑19, whereas COVID‑19 outbreak substantially affected the physical and mental health but, the students were in a way better physical health rather than mental. Therefore, motivational planning and other related intervention to improve mental health can be noticeable.

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Effect of assertiveness program on the drug use tendency, mental health, and quality of life in clinical students of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences

. Forozan Ganji; . Farzad Khani; . Zahra Karimi; . Leili Rabiei

Volume 12, Issue 2 , February 2022, , Pages 1-7

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Students on campus are exposed to drug abuse and mental health disorders due to various challenges and motivating factors. This issue requires attention to interventions ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Students on campus are exposed to drug abuse and mental health disorders due to various challenges and motivating factors. This issue requires attention to interventions based on coping skills training. The present study was conducted with the aim to investigate the effect of an assertiveness program on the drug use tendency, mental health, and quality of life in clinical students of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences in 2020.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a quasi‑experimental study. Seventy clinical students (nursing, midwifery, and intern students) attending Ayatollah Kashani and Hajar teaching hospitals of Shahrekord were included into the study and randomly assigned into an intervention group and a control group. The assertiveness training program was implemented for eight 1‑h sessions (one session per week for 2 months) for the intervention group, while the control group received no programs. Both study groups completed drug tendency questionnaire, depression, anxiety and stress scale, and quality of life questionnaire in pretest, posttest, and 2‑month follow‑up. The data were analyzed using SPSS software (v22), analysis of variance repeated measures, and t‑test.RESULTS: The mean scores of drug use tendency (P = 0.26), stress (P = 0.31), anxiety (P = 0.29), depression (P = 0.43), and quality of life (P = 0.33) showed no statistically significant differencebetween the intervention and control groups in the pretest, but the scores of the drug use tendency, stress, anxiety, and depression were statistically lower and the score of quality of life was statistically higher than that of the control group in the posttest and 2‑month follow‑up (P < 0.05).CONCLUSION: The findings of the study showed that assertiveness skill training as a preventiveprogram can reduce the students’ tendency to addiction and improve their mental health and quality of life. Considering the effectiveness of the program, planners and policymakers can use it to plan for reducing the youth tendency to drugs.

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The effect of educational program (based on BASNEF model) on quality of life and adherence to treatment in patients with myocardial infarction in Shahrekord, Iran

. Hadi Hatami; . Ali Hassanpour Dehkordi; . Shahriyar Salehi Tali; . Masoud Lotfizadeh; . Haifeh Ganji

Volume 12, Issue 1 , January 2022, , Pages 1-11

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the most common cardiovascular diseasesaffecting quality of life and adherence to treatment. This study aimed at assessing the impacts ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the most common cardiovascular diseasesaffecting quality of life and adherence to treatment. This study aimed at assessing the impacts of aneducational program based on the Belief, Attitude, Subjective Norm, and Enabling Factors (BASNEF)Model on quality of life and adherence to treatment in patients with MI.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present quasi‑experimental study was conducted on eightypatients with MI admitted to hospitals affiliated to Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences in 2019,which were selected by the convenience sampling and then randomly divided into intervention andcontrol groups. The intervention group received a BASNEF model‑based educational‑supportiveintervention including three 45‑min training sessions and three months’ follow‑up individually foreach participant. Data were collected by Ferrans and Powers Quality of Life Index (QLI)‑CardiacVersion, Modanloo Adherence to Treatment Questionnaire (MATQ) and questionnaire modified basedon BASNEF model constructs. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version. 22 softwareusing the descriptive and analytical statistical test.RESULTS: The total score of the MATQ and its subscales had significantly improved in the interventiongroup after the intervention (P < 0.001). The total score of the QLI and its subscales had significantlyimproved in the intervention group after the intervention (P < 0.001) In addition, the mean scores of themodel constructs had significantly improved after the intervention in the intervention group (P < 0.001).CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed that applying BASNEF model‑based educationalinterventions can lead to improved quality of life and adherence to treatment in the patients with MI.Therefore, this model can be used to reduce the complications of MI.

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The effect of “Elder Care by Elderly People Program” on life satisfaction and quality of life among institutionalized senior citizens

. Mohsen Salmannezhad; . Yadollah Abolfathi Momtaz; . Robab Sahhaf; . Mehdi Rassafiani; . Shiva Hosseini Foladi

Volume 12, Issue 1 , January 2022, , Pages 1-6

Abstract

  INTRODUCTION: Improving participation in life meaningful roles is one of the most importantpredictors of quality of life (QOL) and life satisfaction (LS) in later life. The purpose ...  Read More INTRODUCTION: Improving participation in life meaningful roles is one of the most importantpredictors of quality of life (QOL) and life satisfaction (LS) in later life. The purpose of this study wasto investigate the effect of Elder Care by Elderly People (ECP) on LS and QOL among institutionalizedsenior citizens.MATERIAL AND METHOD: This was an interventional study involving a targeted sample of 36older adults in Ghods nursing home in Tehran in 2018. WHOQOL‑OLD 24‑item and LS 40‑itemquestionnaires were used to measure LS and Olathe repeated‑measures ANOVA and descriptivewas employed to obtain the objectives.RESULTS: The participants were 36 older adults in Ghods nursing home. The mean age of olderadults was 67.27 (standard deviation [SD] = 7.6), of whom about 77.8% were male. The mean scoreof QOL increased from 74.38 (SD = 13.09) pre intervention to 83.72 (SD = 11.43) 2 months postintervention, with most significant change of 9.3 QOL points between pre intervention and 2 monthspost intervention alone (P < 0.01). Similarly, LS increased from 114.19 (SD = 26.93) pre interventionto 133.94 (SD = 20.49) 2 months post intervention, with most significant change of 19.7 LS pointsbetween pre intervention and 2 months post intervention alone (P < 0.001).CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study showing the evidence of the positive impact of the ECPProgrammed for the elderly, therefore, it is suggested that the programmer is evaluated in futurestudies.

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Effectiveness of self‑care program on the quality of life in patients with coronary artery disease undergoing cardiac rehabilitation: A Randomized clinical trial

. Mohammad Goudarzi Rad; . Leila Ghanbari‑Afra; . Mahsa Haji Mohammad Hoseini; . Monireh Ghanbari Afra; . Hamid Asayesh

Volume 11, Issue 9 , October 2021, , Pages 1-7

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a life‑threatening condition that causes physicaland psychological disorders and decreases patients’ quality of life (QoL). Performing ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a life‑threatening condition that causes physicaland psychological disorders and decreases patients’ quality of life (QoL). Performing propereducational self‑care program may lead to higher QoL in these patients. This study was performedto investigate the effectiveness of a self‑care educational program on QoL in patients with CAD.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This semi‑experimental study was performed on 60 patients withCAD referred to the cardiac rehabilitation (CR) center of Vali Asr hospital in Qom, Iran, in 2018–2019.Patients were divided into control and intervention groups by randomized sampling. The self‑careeducational program was provided through lectures and booklet. Data collection was done using the“demographic and clinical data questionnaire,” and “Seattle Angina questionnaire.” Questionnaireswere completed in both groups, before and at least 1 month after education. Analysis of the obtaineddata was performed using SPSS software (version 25), central indexes, Mann–Whitney test, andWilcoxon test.RESULTS: No significant differences were observed between the two groups for demographicscharacteristics and quality of life before the intervention. Before the self‑care program, the mean scoreof the QoL in the intervention and control group were 56.14 ± 9.75 and 58.46 ± 11.71, respectively.After that, the mean score of the QoL in the intervention and control group were 59.25 ± 10.56 and59.7 ± 13.33, respectively. The statistical analysis showed significant differences in the mean scoresof QoL in the intervention group before and after the intervention (P < 0.05). However, no statisticallysignificant differences were seen in the control group before and after the study (P > 0.05).CONCLUSIONS: The self‑care educational program improved the QoL in patients with CAD.Therefore, lectures and educational booklets should be considered by CR nurses.

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The effect of peer support on quality of life among type 2 diabetic patients in deprived areas in Iran: A randomized clinical trial

. Arezoo Shahsavari; . Fatemeh Estebsari; . Foroozan Atashzadeh‑Shoorideh; . Mahnaz Ilkhani

Volume 11, Issue 8 , September 2021, , Pages 1-7

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Quality of life (QOL) is one of the effective factors in promoting the health of diabeticpatients. In recent years, the role of peer support in the optimal management of ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Quality of life (QOL) is one of the effective factors in promoting the health of diabeticpatients. In recent years, the role of peer support in the optimal management of diabetes has gainedincreasing attention. However, contradictory results have been reported from the effectiveness ofthis method. This study aimed to investigate the effect of peer support on the QOL among type 2diabetic patients in deprived areas.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was a randomized clinical trial conducted on 80 patientswith T2D referring to the diabetes Clinic in Aligoudarz in Iran. Participants were randomly assignedinto two groups of 40 patients. Intervention group received a peer Supportive‑educational programfor 3 months and the control group received routine clinic care. Diabetes QOL brief clinical inventorywas used to collect the data. This questionnaire was completed three times at the beginning of thestudy, immediately after the 3‑day training, and after 3 months of peer supportive intervention. TheSPSS software (v. 18.0) was used to analyze the data through the Generalized Estimating Equations.RESULTS: There was no significant difference in mean QOL between the two groups before theintervention (P = 0.891) and immediately after the education (P = 0.076). However, after 3 monthsof intervention, the intervention group showed a significant improvement in mean QOL compared tothose in the control group (P < 0.001).CONCLUSION: Peer support program can improve the QOL in type 2 diabetic patients in deprivedareas. Therefore, this method can be recommended to improve care and educational programs inthese patients.

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Emotional well‑being of dentists and the effect of lockdown during the COVID‑19 pandemic: A nationwide study

. Ashish Sharma; . Kumar Gaurav Chhabra; . Sweta Surana Bhandari; . Garima Poddar; . Subha Soumya Dany; . Chaya Chhabra; . Akanksha Goyal

Volume 11, Issue 8 , September 2021, , Pages 1-9

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Lockdown in India might have adverse effects on the emotional health of the dentalprofessionals; hence, the aim of the present study was to determine the impact of various ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Lockdown in India might have adverse effects on the emotional health of the dentalprofessionals; hence, the aim of the present study was to determine the impact of various factorson emotional well‑being of dental professionals due to the effect of lockdown during COVID‑19.MATERIALS AND METHODS: It was a cross‑sectional, descriptive, questionnaire study conducted ondentists in India during April 2020. Sampling technique was convenient sampling, and sampling framewas all the dental professionals in India. The questionnaire was prepared online using Google Forms,and the link was generated which was shared among as many dentists accessible as possible, withthe help of message, mails, and WhatsApp. The questionnaire consists of questions on Demographicdetails, practice, and emotional well‑being. A total of 1844 dental professionals in 14 states in Indiaresponded. The statistical analysis was done using SPSS version no. 20. IBM SPSS version 20.0(IBM; Armonk, New York USA) Descriptive statistics and multinomial regression test was applied.RESULTS: Majority of study participants (1096[59.4%]) belonged to age group of 26–35years. Emotionalwell‑being score of 1206 (65.4%) dental professionals in the times of COVID‑19 outbreak was poorwith score between 26 and 78. It was assessed that males have significantly (P = 0.00**) (P < 0.001**)(**highly significant) poorer emotional well‑being 0.085 (0.829–1.429) compared to females. Marrieddental professionals − 0.023 (0.011–1.221) had significantly better (P = 0.05*) emotional well‑beingthan others.CONCLUSION: Emotional well‑being score of majority of dental professionals in the times ofCOVID‑19 outbreak was poor. Gender, marital status, socioeconomic status, years of experience,practicing in clinic, and average number of patients seen per month before lockdown have significantimpact on emotional wellbeing of dental professionals.

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Effect of positive thinking training on stress, anxiety, depression, and quality of life among hemodialysis patients: A randomized controlled clinical trial

. Nasrin Shokrpour; . Shima Sheidaie; . Mehdi Amirkhani; . Leila Bazrafkan; . Ameneh Modreki

Volume 11, Issue 5 , June 2021, , Pages 1-7

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Given the relationship between positivity interventions and psychological problems,this study aimed to investigate the effect of positive thinking training on stress, anxiety, ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Given the relationship between positivity interventions and psychological problems,this study aimed to investigate the effect of positive thinking training on stress, anxiety, depression,and quality of life of hemodialysis patients.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a quasi-experimental and interventional study conductedon 70 hemodialysis patients referred to Fasa hemodialysis centers, Iran, between April 2019 andOctober 2019. Patients were selected using a simple sampling method and randomly divided intocontrol (n = 35) and intervention (n = 35) groups. The intervention group was trained on positivethinking skills in eight sessions of a workshop. Before and after the intervention, stress, anxiety,depression, and quality of life in both the groups were measured using the Depression, Anxiety,and Stress Scale-21 and Short Form-36 Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using paired t-test,independent t-test, Kolmogorov–Smirnov, and Chi-square tests.RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the mean scores of stress, anxiety, depression,and quality of life in the two groups before the intervention.(P > 0.05), and in the control group, therewas no statistically significant difference before and after the intervention (P = 0.092, P = 0.228,0.280, respectively). In the intervention group, the mean score of stress and anxiety decreased from23.65 ± 4.12 to 16.68 ± 4.41 (P < 0.001) and from 17.77 ± 5.15 to 14.57 ± 4.18 (P = 0.002), respectively,and that of the patients’ quality of life also increased from 35.19 ± 10.07 to 55.98 ± 11.71 (P < 0.001).However, the mean score of depression did not change significantly after the intervention (P = 0.689).CONCLUSION: According to the results of this study, the use of positive thinking interventionprograms with other methods for hemodialysis patients’ care and treatment is recommended as anonpharmacological, cost-effective, and uncomplicated method.

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The status of relationship between coping strategies and quality of life in women with polycystic ovary syndrome

. Tahereh Morshedi; . Mahdieh Salehi; . Valiollah Farzad; . Fariba Hassani; . Elham Shakibazadeh

Volume 11, Issue 4 , May 2021, , Pages 1-7

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) has a profound effect on patients’ quality oflives; and it is important to identify the affecting factors. The aim of this study was ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) has a profound effect on patients’ quality oflives; and it is important to identify the affecting factors. The aim of this study was to assess the statusof and relationship between coping strategies and quality of life in women with PCOS.MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cross‑sectional study, we recruited 200 married women (20–50 years old) with PCOS from Arash and Bu Ali hospitals in Tehran in 2019–2020. Data were collectedusing the two following questionnaires: Coping strategies and quality of life. Data were analyzedusing the regression analysis test in the SPSS‑21.RESULTS: The results showed that 119 (59.5%) participants were identified with increased hirsutism,166 (83%) women were obese, 140 (70%) had irregular menstruation and 136 participants (68%) hadpainful menstruation as the side effects of PCOS. Sixty nine (34.5%) individuals reported unknownside effects. There was a relationship between emotional coping strategy and problem solving copingstrategy with quality of life (beta = 0.270 and 0.219, respectively).CONCLUSION: Patients with PCOS were more likely to use emotional coping strategies. Low qualityof life exacerbated symptoms of the disease.

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Determining the relationship between emotional intelligence and interpersonal sensitivity with quality of work life in nurses

. Saeed Tajigharajeh; . Mehdi Safari; . Tahere Sarboozi Hosein Abadi; . Shoaib Sarboozi Hosein Abadi; . Mehdi Kargar; . Mahmoud Panahi; . Mahdi Hasani; . Zeinab Ghaedchukamei

Volume 11, Issue 4 , May 2021, , Pages 1-9

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Emotional intelligence and interpersonal sensitivity are known as important nursingskills. They have significant role in the promotion of nurses working life and the health ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Emotional intelligence and interpersonal sensitivity are known as important nursingskills. They have significant role in the promotion of nurses working life and the health care whichthey provide. The goal of this study was the determination of the relationship between emotionalintelligence and interpersonal sensitivity with quality of work life in nurses working in governmentalhospitals of Tehran city in 2019.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This investigation was a descriptive‑analytical and correlation studywhich was conducted among 256 nurses working in five governmental hospitals in Tehran. The studiednurses were selected through in access sampling method. The instruments of research includeddemographic, emotional intelligence, interpersonal sensitivity, and work life quality questionnaires.The analysis of data was done by descriptive and deductive statistics (t‑test and Pearson correlationcoefficient) and also SPSS.RESULTS: The conditions of emotional intelligence, interpersonal sensitivity, and work life qualityof nurses were, in turn, in average, severe, and weak levels. The correlation between emotionalintelligence and work life quality of nurses was significant (P ≤ 0.05) and they were positively correlatedwith each other (r = 0.311). The relationship between interpersonal sensitivity and work life quality ofnurses was significant (P ≤ 0.05) and they were negatively correlated with each other (r = −0.43).CONCLUSION: The development of emotional intelligence and sensitivity in reciprocally interpersonalrelations of nurses lead to fundamental changes in nurses’ attitude toward themselves, theircolleagues, patients and their profession and can promote their work life quality. Therefore, thesetwo skills are necessary for nurses and they should be taken into consideration by nursing schools,faculty members, instructors, and nursing managers

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Evaluation of nutritional adjustment program on quality of life in children with chronic liver disease

. Seyed Ali Jafari; . Aramesh Rezaeian; . Zahra Namjou; . Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan; . Zahra ghaneifar

Volume 11, Issue 4 , May 2021, , Pages 1-7

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Chronic liver disease is associated with decreased quality of life. The quality of lifeof children with chronic liver disease is related to their quality of life. Malnutrition ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Chronic liver disease is associated with decreased quality of life. The quality of lifeof children with chronic liver disease is related to their quality of life. Malnutrition is associated withdeath from cirrhosis, development of complications, and health‑related quality of life in people withliver disease. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effect of nutritional adjustmentprogram on quality of life in children with chronic liver disease.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This clinical trial study was performed on children with chronic liverdisease referred to the nutrition clinic of Ghaem Educational‑Research Center in Mashhad in 2015.In this study, 77 children with chronic liver disease were randomly divided into two groups. Beforeand after the intervention, patients’ quality of life was assessed with the PedsQL™ 4.0 generic corescale questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using SPSS16 software.RESULTS: In the postintervention stage, the mean total score of quality of life in the experimentalgroup was 1965.0 ± 270.9 and in the control group was 1522.5 ± 321.3 (P < 0.001). The differencein quality of life score of physical, social, and school performance in the two groups was significant.CONCLUSION: According to the results of this study, it seems that interventions that can improvethe quality of life of children with chronic liver disease can be an important step in advancing thesepeople toward a healthy and quality life. As a result, it is possible to take steps to improve the qualityof life of patients by encouraging children with liver disease and providing information about diet.

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Predictive factors of quality of life among the elderly in Iran: Application of Andersen’s behavioral model

. Soghra Nazari; . Koorosh Kamali; . Khadijeh Hajimiri

Volume 11, Issue 2 , February 2021, , Pages 1-7

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: This study aimed to identify the quality of life (QoL) and its predictive factors basedon the Andersen’s behavioral model among the elderly in Iran.MATERIALS AND METHODS: ...  Read More BACKGROUND: This study aimed to identify the quality of life (QoL) and its predictive factors basedon the Andersen’s behavioral model among the elderly in Iran.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A quantitative cross‑sectional study was conducted on 400 peopleaged 60+ resident in Zanjan, Iran, in 2019. Data were collected based on the Andersen’s behavioralmodel constructs by the questionnaires. Path analysis was used to determine both direct and indirecteffects of variables and also for estimating the values of coefficients in the underpinning linear model.RESULTS: In this study, 50% of the participants were female, and 83% were married. The participant’sQoL was 37.4 (9.8). The results confirmed that financial level and physical activity were the mostsignificant predictor of the elder’s QoL. Chronic diseases and activities of daily living as need factorsaffect the QoL of participant indirectly.CONCLUSION: The results showed that the participant’s QoL was at a moderate level. Utilizing ofprimary health‑care services was the weakest predictors of QoL. Sex, marital status, and educationlevel were not reliable predictors of QoL in elders. Other predisposing, enabling, and need factorsshould be investigated to find the main determinants to improve elder’s QoL.

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The relationship between physical performance and quality of life and the level of physical activity among the elderly

. Lekshmi Prasad; . Jean Fredrick; . Aruna R

Volume 11, Issue 2 , February 2021, , Pages 1-6

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Loss of physical function during the process of aging might affect the quality of life.Physical function assessment tests predicts outcomes such as falls, institutionalization, ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Loss of physical function during the process of aging might affect the quality of life.Physical function assessment tests predicts outcomes such as falls, institutionalization, and death.Studies assessing the association of physical function with quality of life and physical activity level ofelderly population in India is scarce. Hence we aimed to assess the physical function of communitydwelling older adults and to determine its association with physical activity levels and quality of life.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a cross‑sectional analytical study. 89 community dwellingolder adults between 60 and 80 years of age were recruited. Physical function was assessed bystanding balance, walking speed, and grip strength. Quality of life was assessed by WHO QOL BREFquestionnaire and physical activity level was assessed by International Physical activity Questionnaire.RESULTS: Standing balance was reduced in 24% and walking speed was decreased in 33% of theparticipants. Males had higher walking speed, and grip strength. Quality of life was better amongmales. Standing balance, walking speed and grip strength was significantly higher in moderate – heavyactivity levels. There was positive correlation between physical function and quality of life. There wasalso positive correlation between physical activity level and quality of life.CONCLUSION: Physical function, quality of life and physical activity level were decreased. Males hadbetter physical function and quality of life. Physically active individuals had better physical functionand quality of life. Early detection of decreased physical function and increase in physical activitylevel could result in better quality of life among elderly.

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Effectiveness of interdisciplinary health education programs for individuals with fibromyalgia: A systematic review

. Mateus Dias Antunes; . Letícia Assis Couto; . Letícia Assis Couto1 , Sonia Maria Marques Gomes Bertolini; . Felipe Cayres Nogueira da Rocha Loures3; . Ana Carolina Basso Schmitt; . Amélia Pasqual Marques

Volume 11, Issue 2 , February 2021, , Pages 1-8

Abstract

  Fibromyalgia has been increasing worldwide and is considered a public health problem.Nonpharmacological treatment through exercise and education is recommended forfibromyalgia management. ...  Read More Fibromyalgia has been increasing worldwide and is considered a public health problem.Nonpharmacological treatment through exercise and education is recommended forfibromyalgia management. In this sense, there is a need for interdisciplinary programs topromote health and improve symptoms in fibromyalgia. The purpose of this study wasto verify the effectiveness of interdisciplinary health education programs for individualswith fibromyalgia. This is a systematic review that followed the Preferred ReportingItems for Systematic Reviews and Meta‑Analyses recommendations and was registeredat Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD4201913228). A search was conductedin the following databases: Scientific Electronic Library Online, Lilacs, Medical LiteratureAnalysis and Retrieval System Online, Scopus, Web of Knowledge ISI, PhysiotherapyEvidence Database, Excerpta Medica Database, Cumulative Index to Nursing and AlliedHealth Literature, Cochrane Library, and SPORTDiscus. The descriptors used were“Fibromyalgia” and “Health Education.” Clinical trials published between 1990 and 2019were selected. The Jadad Quality Scale and the Cochrane Risk‑of‑Bias Tool were used toevaluate the risk of bias and the methodological quality of the clinical trials. The searchfound 2887 articles, and only two studies were included in the analysis. Both studiesconducted the interventions through lectures and group activities. In particular, thetopics most frequently approached at the interdisciplinary health education programswere general information about fibromyalgia, body practices, physical activities, andpharmacological approaches. An interdisciplinary health education program can improvepain and quality of life in people with fibromyalgia; however, evidence shows lowmethodological quality. This systematic review indicates that studies are of low quality,interfering with the effectiveness of interdisciplinary health education programs.

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The effect of consuming multivitamin/ mineral supplements on elderly quality of life: Based on randomized control trial

. Mateus Dias Antunes; . Sonia Maria Marques Gomes Bertolini; . Felipe Cayres Nogueira da Rocha Loures; . Ana Carolina Basso Schmitt; . Amélia Pasqual Marques; . Mitra Abolfathi; . Yahya Pasdar; . Marzieh Kheiri; . Seyed Fahim Irandoost; . Fatemeh Darabi

Volume 11, Issue 2 , February 2021, , Pages 1-8

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Clinical trials concerning the effect of supplements or multivitamin on improvingthe quality of life have proven different results. The present study was conducted to examine ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Clinical trials concerning the effect of supplements or multivitamin on improvingthe quality of life have proven different results. The present study was conducted to examine theeffect of multivitamin supplement on quality of life of the elderly.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty‑four old people over 65 years of age in Kermanshah Elderly CareCenter participated in this randomized trial. The samples were first selected using the conveniencesampling and then were randomly assigned into intervention and control groups. The interventiongroup received one multivitamin mineral (MVM) supplement capsule every day for 3 months withno intervention for the control group. Standard quality of life questionnaire was used to collect thedata. Data were analyzed using the SPSS software version 22.RESULTS: The mean age of the participants was 70.77 ± 8.29 years. The results of intra‑groupevaluation of the aspects of quality of life of the elderly show the lack of significant changes in the meanscores of physical health and environmental health of the elderly in the intervention group (P > 0.05)and the significant reduction of these aspects in the control group (P < 0.05) after intervention. Themean score of mental health scores in the intervention group significantly increased (P = 0.01),but there are no significant changes in the control group (P = 0.273). The mean scores of socialrelationships as well as the overall score of quality of life in the intervention and control groupsshowed no significant changes (P > 0.05).CONCLUSION: The present study showed that the consumption of MVM supplements can havea positive effect on increasing the quality of life of the elderly, but it is recommended to be done inthe long term along diet. Moreover, considering the fact that no change was observed in the otheraspects of the quality of life, attentions should be paid to the environmental and social factors suchas social supports and empowerment of the old people in the future studies.

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Health‑promoting lifestyle and quality of life in affected and unaffected menopausal women by primary osteoporosis

. Somayeh Abdolalipour; . Mojgan Mirghafourvand; . Nafiseh Ghassab‑Abdollahi; . Azizeh Farshbaf‑Khalili

Volume 11, Issue 2 , February 2021, , Pages 1-9

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Primary osteoporosis is a common complication of aging and menopause. Thenegative effects of osteoporosis in the coming years will increase by increasing life expectancy ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Primary osteoporosis is a common complication of aging and menopause. Thenegative effects of osteoporosis in the coming years will increase by increasing life expectancy andpopulation aging. The purpose of this research was to compare health‑promoting lifestyle and qualityof life in postmenopausal women with and without primary osteoporosis.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross‑sectional analytical research was conducted on 445postmenopausal women aged 50–65 selected by simple random sampling in Tabriz health centersfrom September 2018 to July 2019. Data collection instruments included demographic, midwifery,anthropometric, health‑promoting lifestyle profile II and menopausal quality‑of‑life questionnairequestionnaires, and serum test checklist (25‑hydroxy vitamin D, complete blood count/diff,thyroid‑stimulating hormone, fasting blood sugar, Calcium, and Phosphor). Dual‑energy X‑rayabsorptiometry method was used to measure bone density. Data were analyzed using SPSS/23through descriptive and inferential statistics such as Chi‑square, independent t‑test, Mann–Whitney,and multiple regression.RESULTS: The mean score of lifestyle was 141.2 ± 21.9 in normal and 127.2 ± 25.4 in osteoporosisgroup, and differences were statistically significant in total score (P < 0.001) and all subdomains.The mean score of quality of life was 3.9 ± 1.2 in the normal and 4.5 ± 1.4 in the osteoporotic group.The differences were significant in total score (P < 0.001) and all subdomains except for sexualfunction subdomain (P = 0.064). Logistic regression adjusted for confounders indicated by one unitincrease in total lifestyle score, the odds of primary osteoporosis reduced by 2.2% (adjusted oddsratio [0.95% confidence interval]: 0.978 [0.963–0.994], P = 0.006).CONCLUSION: To prevent of primary osteoporosis and improve the quality of life of postmenopausalwomen, it seems that education and implementation of health‑promoting lifestyle are essential. Theresearch findings can be used to plan for health care in middle and old ages.

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