Journal of Education and Health Promotion

Predictors of the intention to receive the COVID 19 vaccine by Iranians 18– 70 year old: Application of health belief model

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

. Roya Jahanshahi‑Amjazi
. Mohsen Rezaeian 1
. Mehdi Abdolkarimi 2
. Mostafa Nasirzadeh 3

1 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Occupational Environment Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran

2 Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran

3 Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Occupational Environment Research Centre, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran

Abstract
BACKGROUND: In terms of public health, vaccination is considered as the most effective approach
against the infectious diseases. Accepting and receiving the first vaccine produced as an innovation
may not be easy. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the predictors of intention
to receive COVID‑19 vaccine by Iranians aged 18–70 years based on the health belief model in 2021.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This descriptive study was performed on 2365 people aged
18–70‑year old in Iran by random cluster sampling. Receipt of data was done electronically
questionnaire through the Porcelain system. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 20
using Chi‑square, one‑way analysis of variance, independent t‑test, and multiple regression analysis
at a significance level of 0.05.
RESULTS: The mean score of receiving the Iranian corona vaccine was 3.06 ± 1.30 out of 5 points.
About 16.7% reported that they will definitely choose the Iranian vaccine. The highest correlation
was between the intention to receive the vaccine with self‑efficacy (r = 0.239, P < 0.001) and barriers
to receiving the vaccine (r = −0.237, P < 0.001). Self‑efficacy (β = 0.114, P < 0.001), perceived
barriers (β = −0.126, P < 0.001), and benefits of vaccine (β = 0.061, P = 0.022) were most important
predictors the intention to receive the vaccine.
CONCLUSION: Approximately 38% reported that they would definitely and probably not choose the
Iranian corona vaccine. Therefore, it is suggested that more information should be provided about
the features and benefits of domestically produced vaccines compared to foreign products.

Keywords

COVID‑19 vaccines
health belief model
intention
Iran
  1. Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, et al. Clinical features
    of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China.
    Lancet 2020;395:497‑506.
    2. World Health Organization ( W H 0 ) , C o r o n a v i r u s
    Disease (COVID‑19), Q&A. Available from: https://www.who.
    int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus‑2019/questionand-answers‑hub/q-a-detail/q-a-coronaviruses. [Last accessed
    on 2020 Oct 12].
    3. Grasselli G, Pesenti A, Cecconi M. Critical care utilization for the
    COVID‑19 outbreak in Lombardy, Italy: Early experience and
    forecast during an emergency response. JAMA 2020;13:1545‑6.
    4. Khot WY, Nadkar MY. The 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak – A
    global threat. J Assoc Physicians India 2020;68:67‑71.
  2. 5. World Health Organization (WH0), Emergencies Preparedness,
    Response. Available from: https://www.who.int/csr/disease/
    swineflu/frequently_asked_questions/risk/en/. [Last accessed
    on 2010 Feb 24].
    6. Kennedy A, Lavail K, Nowak G, Basket M, Landry S. Confidence
    about vaccines in the United States: Understanding parents’
    perceptions. Health Aff (Millwood) 2011;30:1151‑9.
    7. Kreps S, Prasad S, Brownstein JS, HswenY, Garibaldi BT, Zhang B,
    et al. Factors associated with US adults’ likelihood of accepting
    COVID‑19 vaccination. JAMA Netw Open 2020;3:e2025594.
    8. Harapan H, Wagner AL, Yufika A, Winardi W, Anwar S,
    Gan AK, et al. Willingness‑to‑pay for a COVID‑19 vaccine and its
    associated determinants in Indonesia. Hum Vaccin Immunother
    2020;16:3074‑80.
    9. Asadpour M, Nasirzadeh M, Pourhashem N, Peimani A. Effect of
    education based on health belief model on observation of standard
    precautions by dental students in Rafsanjan in 2019. J Educ Health
    Promot 2020;9:349.
    10. Glanz K, Rimer BK, Viswanath K. Health Behavior and Health
    Education: Theory, Research, and Practice. Hoboken, New Jersey,
    United States: John Wiley and Sons; 2015.
    11. SolhiM, ZadehDS, SerajB, ZadehSF. The application of the health belief
    model in oral health education. Iran J Public Health 2010;39:114‑9.
    12. Emami Moghadam Z, Aemmi SZ, Dadgar S, Sardar Abadi F.
    Improving the performance of pregnant women in oral and dental
    health based on the Health Belief Model. Iran J Obstet Gynecol
    Infertil 2015;18:11‑6.
    13. Saghafipour A, Abolkheirian S, Khazaei S. COVID‑19: What
    approach should people take to prevent it? J Edu Health Promot
    2021;10:1.
    14. Mirzaei A, Kazembeigi F, Kakaei H, Jalilian M, Mazloomi S,
    Nourmoradi H. Application of health belief model to predict
    COVID‑19‑preventive behaviors among a sample of Iranian adult
    population. J Educ Health Promot 2021;10:69.
    15. Wong LP, Alias H, Wong PF, Lee HY, AbuBakar S. The use of
    the health belief model to assess predictors of intent to receive
    the COVID‑19 vaccine and willingness to pay. Hum Vaccin
    Immunother 2020;16:2204‑14.
    16. Coe AB, Gatewood SB, Moczygemba LR, Kelly R, Goode JV,
    BecknerJO. The use of the health belief model to assess predictors
    of intent to receive the novel (2009) H1N1 influenza vaccine. Innov
    Pharm 2012;3:1.
    17. Shmueli LJ. Predicting intention to receive COVID‑19 vaccine
    among the general population using the health belief model
    and the theory of planned behavior model. Health Sci
    2021;21:1‑13.
    18. Guidry JP, Laestadius LI, Vraga EK, Miller CA, Perrin PB,
    Burton CW, et al. Willingness to get the COVID‑19 vaccine with
    and without emergency use authorization. Am J Infect Control
    2021;49:137‑42.
    19. Reiter PL, Pennell ML, Katz ML. Acceptability of a COVID‑19
    vaccine among adults in the United States: How many people
    would get vaccinated? Vaccine 2020;38:6500‑7.
    20. Setbon M, Raude J. Factors in vaccination intention against the
    pandemic influenza A/H1N1. Eur J Public Health 2010;20:490‑4.
    21. Hamel L, Kearney A, Kirzinger A, Lopes L, Muñana C, Brodie M.
    Top issues in 2020 election, the role of misinformation, and views
    on a potential Coronavirus vaccine. KFF Health Tracking Poll
    2020;10. Available from: https://www.kff.org/coronaviruscovid-19/report/kff-health-tracking-poll-september-2020/. [Last
    accessed on 2020 Oct 15].
    22. Shahrabani S, Benzion U, Yom Din G. Factors affecting nurses’
    decision to get the flu vaccine. Eur J Health Econ 2009;10:227‑31.
    23. Dror AA, Eisenbach N, Taiber S, Morozov NG, Mizrachi M,
    Zigron A, et al. Vaccine hesitancy: The next challenge in the fight
    against COVID‑19. Eur J Epidemiol 2020;35:775‑9.
    24. Kim S, Pjesivac I, Jin Y. Effects of message framing on influenza
    vaccination: Understanding the role of risk disclosure, perceived
    vaccine efficacy, and felt ambivalence. Health Commun
    2019;34:21‑30.
    25. Aligol M, Nasirzadeh M, Akhondi M, Mazar L, Mosavifard SM.
    Attitude and related factors towards COVID-19 prevention based
    on the health belief model among the Rafsanjan Citizens. J Educ
    Community Health 2022;8:223-8.
    26. Chong YY, Chien WT, Cheng HY, Chow KM, Kassianos AP,
    Karekla M, et al. the role of illness perceptions, coping, and
    self‑efficacy on adherence to precautionary measures for
    COVID‑19. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020;17:E6540.
    27. Fall E, Izaute M, Chakroun‑Baggioni N. How can the health
    belief model and self‑determination theory predict both influenza
    vaccination and vaccination intention? A longitudinal study
    among university students. Psychol Health 2018;33:746‑64.
Journal of Education and Health Promotion
Volume 12, Issue 5
June 2022
Pages 1-7

Home

Guide for Authors

Submit Manuscript

Reviewers

Contact Us