Document Type : Original Article
Authors
Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Department of Management, Nursing Faculty, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Technical skills result in the patient’s safety. Psychiatric nurses need to learn and
apply them to provide effective and secure cares. This study explains the technical competency
required for postgraduate psychiatric nursing students.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This conventional qualitative content analysis study is part of a larger
study on the clinical competency of postgraduate psychiatric nursing students performed in Iran in
2020. A qualitative study was conducted at universities holding master’s degree courses in psychiatric
nursing. Participants were instructors and postgraduate psychiatric nursing students, psychiatric
nurses, psychologists, and psychiatrists selected by purposeful sampling method. Sampling continued
until data saturation was achieved. Data were collected through a semi‑structured individual interview
and were analyzed by conventional qualitative content analysis.
RESULTS: The “technical competency” has two subcategories of “specialized knowledge” (including
general nursing knowledge, psychiatric nursing knowledge, and basic knowledge of psychology)
and “application of knowledge in practice” (including clinical experience, skills of psychiatric nursing
interventions, educational skills, and research and evidence‑based practice skills).
CONCLUSION: The psychiatric nursing student learns and operates knowledge of psychiatric
nursing, psychology, education, and research, besides improving their knowledge of general nursing.
Keywords
- Albino G. Technical and behavioral competencies on performance
evaluation: Petrek leaders’ perspectives. Sage Open 2018;
8 (2):2158244018780972. [doi: 10.1177/2158244018780972].
2. Midhat Ali M, Fahad M, Qureshi SM, Wook Kang C. Technical
Competency Framework: DEVELOPMENT and Implementation
TECHNICAL Competency Framework: Development and
Implementation,.6th International Mechanical Engineering
Congress on Green Systems and Innovation,: IEP, Karachi,
Pakistan, Proceedings of SIMEC-2016, 15-16 July 2016.
3. Midhat Ali M, Qureshi SM, Memon MS, Mari SI, Ramzan MB.
Competency framework development for effective human
resource management. Sage Open 2021;11 11:21582440211006124.
[doi.org/10.1177/21582440211006124]
4. Grantcharov TP, Reznick RK. Teaching procedural skills. BMJ
2008;336:1129‑31.
5. LodgeD, GrantcharovT. Training and assessment of technical skills
and competency in cardiac surgery. Eur Journal CardioThorac
Surg 2011;39:287‑93.
6. Walsh S, Linton JD. The measurement of technical competencies.
J High Technol Manag Res 2002;13:63‑86.
7. Scott Tilley DD. Competency in nursing: A concept analysis.
J Contin Educ Nurs 2008;39:58‑64.
8. Browne G, Hurley J. Mental Health Nurses as therapists in a
rehabilitation setting: A phenomenological study. Int J Ment
Health Nurs 2018;27:1109‑17.
9. Sheikhbahaeddin‑zadeh E, Homani MajdAbadi F, Psychiatric
nurses` rehabilitation services for chronic mental disorders:
A systematic review, 1st national conference on care and cure,
aliabadketool, 2017; March6, poster,http://ctn1.aliabadiau.
ac.ir[in Persian]
10. Irajpour A, Alavi M. Health professionals’ experiences and
perceptions of challenges of interprofessional collaboration:
Socio‑cultural influences of IPC. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res
2015;20:99‑104.
11. Mohtashami J, Salsali M, Pazargadi M, Manocheri H,
Alavi majd H, Designing and psychometry clinical competency
checklist of mental health nurse students. Iran J Psychiatr
Nurs (IJPN) 2014;2:46‑57.
12. American Psychiatric Nurses Association Board of Directors.
Psychiatric-mental health nurse essential competencies for
assessment and management of individuals at risk for suicide;
2015. - 13. Fukada M. Nursing competency: Definition, structure and
development. Yonago Acta Med 2018;61:1‑7.
14. Leonardsen AC, Blågestad IK, Brynhildsen S, Olsen R,
Gunheim-Hatland L, Gregersen AG, et al. Nurses’ perspectives
on technical skill requirements in primary and tertiary healthcare
services. Nurs Open 2020;7:1424‑30.
15. Kaplan BJ. Kaplan and sadock’s synopsis of psychiatry.
Behavioral sciences/clinical psychiatry. Tijdschrift Voor Psychiatr
2016;58:78‑9.
16. Bahreini M, Moateri M, Akaberian SH, Mirzaii K. Defining clinical
competency of nurses employed at hospitals related to Bushehr
medical science university in self‑evaluating method. Persian
Gulf Med Biol Res 2008;1:69‑75.
17. Gonçalves PD, Sequeira CAC, Paiva e Silva MA. Nursing
interventions in mental health and psychiatry: Content analysis of
records from the nursing information systems in use in Portugal.
J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 2019;26:199‑211.
18. Kim K, Han Y, Kim J. Korean nurses’ ethical dilemmas,
professional values and professional quality of life. Nurs Ethics
2015;22:467‑78.
19. Salehmoghaddam A, Halakou S, Heshmatinabavi F, Mazlum S.
Relationship between head nurses’ technical‑clinical and
organization competencies and newly nurses’ clinical
competencies in teaching hospitals: A cohort study. Q J Nurs
Manag 2016;4:29‑41.
20. Sheikhbahaeddinzadeh E, Ashktorab T, Sadat‑Hosseini A.
Clinical competence of psychiatric nurse: A concept Analysis
in Rogers‘Evolutionary Method. Iran J Psychiatr Nurs (IJPN)
2020;8:86‑103.
21. Szasz P, Louridas M, Harris K, Aggarwal R, Grantcharov T.
Assessing technical competence in urgical trainees: A systematic
review. Ann Surg 2015;261:1046‑55.
22. Fattah AhariA, Fallahi‑Khoshkenab M, RahgoiA, Hosseinzadeh S.
Evaluation of psychiatric nursing clinical competencies in nurses
working in Razi psychiatric hospital affiliated to the university
of social welfare and rehabilitation science from the viewpoint
of themselves and their head‑nurses in 2019. Iran J Nurs Res
2021;16:89‑97.
23. KaraminiaMH, Pharchehpafieh S, Maleki S, AmirkhaniA. Nurses‘
clinical competence in psychiatric wards of selected hospital of
university of Behzisti & Tavanbakhshi, 2018‑2019. Med Sci J Islam
Azad Univ 2020;30:332‑40.
24. Liou SR, Liu HC, Tsai SL, Chu TP, Cheng CY. Performance
competence of pre‑graduate nursing students and hospital nurses:
A comparison study. J Clin Nurs 2020;29:2652‑62.
25. Zauszniewski JA, Bekhet A, Haberlein S. A decade of published
evidence for psychiatric and mental health nursing interventions.
Online J Issues Nurs 2012;17:8.
26. Aliakbari F, Bahrami M, Aein F, Khankeh H. Iranian nurses’
experience of essential technical competences in disaster response:
A qualitative content analysis study. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res
2014;19:585‑92.
27. Creswell JW. Research design: Qualitative, quantitative and
mixed methods approaches. Los Angeluses: SAGE; 2017.
p. 342‑3,296.
28. Graneheim UH, Lundman B. Qualitative content analysis in
nursing research: concepts, procedures and measures to achieve
trustworthiness. Nurse Educ Today 2004;24:105‑12.
29. Moskoei S, Mohtashami J, Ghalenoeei M, Nasiri M,
Zaghari Tafreshi M. Development and psychometric properties
rating scale of “clinical competency evaluation in mental
health nurses”: Exploratory factor analysis. Electron Physician
2017;9:4155‑61.
30. Bahreini M, Moattari M, Kaveh M, Ahmadi F. Self‑assessment of
the clinical competence of nurses in a major educational hospital
of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. J Jahrom Univ Med Sci
2010;8:28‑36.
31. Liou SR, Chang CH, Tsai HM, Cheng CY. The effects of a
deliberate practice program on nursing students’ perception of
clinical competence. Nurse Educ Today 2013;33:358‑63.
32. Ebadi A, Tabanejad Z, Pazokian M. Clinical competence
among MSc students of critical care nursing. Iran J Med Educ
2015;14:1036‑46.
33. Beyea SC, von Reyn LK, Slattery MJ. A nurse residency program
for competency development using human patient simulation.
J Nurses Staff Dev 2007;23:77‑82.
34. Atashzadeh Shorideh F, Imani E, Zagheri Tafreshi M. Reviewing
knowledge management and its significance in nursing practice.
J Dev Strategies Med Educ 2015;3:20‑34.
35. Bahrami M, Aliakbari F, Aein F. Iranian nurses‘ perception of
essential competences in disaster response: A qualitative study.
J Edu Health Promot 2014;3:1‑9.
36. Williams RG, Klamen DA, McGaghie WC. Cognitive, social and
environmental sources of bias in clinical performance ratings.
Teach Learn Med 2003;15:270‑92.
37. Nikpeyma N, Izadi A. Assessment on knowledge source used in
nursing practice. J Health Promot Manag 2012;1;55‑61.
38. Tajvidi M, Moghimi Hanjani S. The relationship between critical
thinking and clinical competence in nurses. Strides Dev Med Educ
2019;16(1). doi: 10.5812/sdme. 80152.
39. Mosakhani M, Ajli Ghashlajughi M, Safavi Mir Mahale R. Model
presentation for assessment rate of organization preparation in
knowledge management. Manag Res Iran 2010;14:221‑43.
)