Document Type : Original Article
Authors
- . Sahar Mohammadnabizadeh 1
- . Ali Asghar Najafpoor 2
- . Mohammad Vahedian‑Shahroodi 3
- . Vahid Ghavami 4
1 Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
2 Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
3 Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
4 Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad iran Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Working conditions play a significant role in the process that causes cardiovascular
disease. In this regard, it is required to monitor the health conditions of workers to design proper
interventions to encourage healthy behaviors. This investigation was performed to determine
preventive behaviors against cardiovascular disease based on the health belief model (HBM).
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This research was a cross‑sectional and descriptive study with 228
subjects of oil industry workers under shift work schedules in the oil regions of Khuzestan, Iran. The
HBM questionnaire provided the theoretical framework for this study. Participants completed the
questionnaires in person at work. Data were analyzed using SPSS 24.0. Descriptive statistics including
frequencies, percentages, and means, and linear regression analysis were calculated for variables.
RESULTS: Findings of the study showed that most workers were of a weak level of knowledge (55.3%),
self‑efficacy (82.5%), perceived severity (83.8%), perceived susceptibility (75.4%), perceived
benefit (57.5%), and behavior (82.5%). Furthermore, results showed that most of the workers
considered smoking (3.51 out of 5) and proper diet for good heart function (2.54 out of 5). In this study,
the item of exercise was the lowest among all the preventive behaviors (1.39 out of 5). Self‑efficacy
was the strongest predictor of health belief about cardiovascular disease.
CONCLUSION: To decrease the increasing burden of cardiovascular disease in our population, and
fight against this rank‑one killer, multiple useful prevention strategies must be adopted. Educational
theory‑based interventions and applying designed programs to improve the adoption of preventive
behaviors are a necessity.
Keywords
1. Organization WH. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) fact sheet:
Geneva: WHO; 2015. Available from: https://www.who.int/
news‑room/fact‑sheets/detail/cardiovascular‑diseases‑(cvds)
2. Mannocci A, Pignalosa S, Saulle R, Sernia S, De Sanctis S,
Consentino M, et al. Prevalence of major cardiovascular risk
factors among oil and gas and energy company workers. Ann
Ist Super Sanita 2015;51:148‑53.
3. Jorvand R, Haeri Mehrizi AA, Sadeghirad K, Gholami OA,
Ansarian Z, Ghofranipour F, et al. Risk factors for cardiovascular
diseases among employees of ilam university of medical sciences.
Health Educ Health Promot 2018;6:143‑7.
4. Vianna LC, Ferreira AP, Vasconcellos LCFd, Bonfatti RJ,
Oliveira MHBd. Vigilância em Saúde do Trabalhador: Um estudo
à luz da Portaria nº 3.120/98. SaudeDebate2017;41:786‑800.
5. Parkes KR. Demographic and lifestyle predictors of body mass
index among offshore oil industry workers: Cross‑sectional and
longitudinal findings. Occup Med 2003;53:213‑21.
6. Coe AB, Gatewood SB, Moczygemba LR, Goode JV, Beckner JO.
The use of the health belief model to assess predictors of intent
to receive the novel (2009) H1N1 influenza vaccine. Innov Pharm
2012;3:1‑11.
7. Mirzaei H, Shojaeizadeh D, Tol A, Ghasemi ghale ghasemi S,
Shirzad M. Application of Health Belief Model (HBM) to promote
preventive behaviors against iron‑deficiency anemia among female
students of high school Fereydan city: A quasi‑experimental study.
Iran J Health Educ Health Promot 2017;5:260‑9.
8. Tavakoli HR, Dini‑Talatappeh H, Rahmati‑Najarkolaei F,
Gholami Fesharaki M. Efficacy of HBM‑based dietary education
intervention on knowledge, attitude, and behavior in medical
students. Iran Red Crescent Med J 2016;18:e23584.
9. Ar‑Yuwat S, Clark MJ, Hunter A, James KS. Determinants of
physical activity in primary school students using the health
belief model. J Multidiscip Healthc 2013;6:119‑26.
10. Mirzaei A, Kazembeigi F, Kakaei H, Jalilian M, Mazloomi S,
Nourmoradi H. Application of health belief model to predict
COVID‑19‑preventive behaviors among a sample of Iranian adult
population. J Educ Health Promot 2021;10:69.
11. Sharifzadeh G, Mitra M, Hossein MM, Iman M. Application of
health belief model in predicting preventive behaviors against
cardiovascular disease in individuals at risk. J Health Sci Tech
2017;1:64‑9.
12. Shakibazadeh E, Sabouri M, Mohebbi B, Tol A, Yaseri M. Validity
and reliability properties of the Persian version of perceived health
competence scale among patients with cardiovascular diseases.
J Educ Health Promot 2021;10:19.
13. Mohebbi B, Sabouri M, Tol A. Application of health education
and promotion theory‑based interventions on patients with
cardiovascular disease: A systematic review. J Edu Health Promot
2021;10:236.
14. Babaei‑Sis M, Ranjbaran S, Mahmoodi H, Babazadeh T, Moradi F,
Mirzaeian K. The effect of educational intervention of life
style modification on blood pressure control in patients with
hypertension. J Educ Community Health 2016;3:12‑9.
15. Idyan Z, Thato R. Determinants of preventive behaviors for
coronary artery disease among adults in aceh province, Indonesia.
J Health Res 2017;31:109‑17.
16. Nabizadeh SM, Taymoori P, Hazhir MS, Shirazi M, Roshani D,
Shahmoradi B, et al. Predicting vitamin E and C consumption
intentions and behaviors among factory workers based on
protection motivation theory. Environ Health Prev Med
2018;23:51.
17. Hossein BM, Masoud M, Tahereh R. Role of health beliefs in
preventive behaviors of individuals at risk of cardiovascular
diseases. Health Sys Res 2012;8(Suppl):1151‑8.
18. Carpenter CJ. A meta‑analysis of the effectiveness of health
belief model variables in predicting behavior. Health Commun
2010;25:661‑9.
19. Glanz K, Rimer BK, Viswanath K, editors. Health behavior and
health education: Theory, research, and practice. 4th ed. John Wiley
& Sons; 2008. 552 p.
20. Mahalik JR, Burns SM. Predicting health behaviors in young
men that put them at risk for heart disease. Psychol Men Masc
2011;12:1‑12.
21. Rahimi T, Shojaei S, Mousavi Miyandashti Z, Aminiani Z,
Khazir Z. Promotion of preventive behaviors of cardiovascular
diseases using health belief model in women referring to health
centers in Qom, Iran. Qom Univ Med Sci J 2017;10:35‑44.
22. Mohammad Nabizadeh S, Taymoori P, Shahmoradi B. Mediators
of behavior change in intervention on vitamins E and C
consumption based on protection motivation theory. J Biochem
Tech 2018;2:83‑9.
23. Jalali SF, GhassemzadehM, Mouodi S, JavanianM, Akbari KaniM,
GhadimiR, et al. Epidemiologic comparison of the first and second
waves of coronavirus disease epidemics in Babol, North of Iran.
Caspian J Intern Med 2020;11:544‑50.
24. Reiner Ž, Sonicki Z, Tedeschi‑Reiner E. The perception and
knowledge of cardiovascular risk factors among medical students.
Croat Med J 2012;53:278‑84.
25. Nabizadeh SM, Taymoori P, Hazhir MS, Shirazi M, Roshani D.
Educational intervention based on protection motivation theory
to improve vitamin E and C consumption among Iranian factory
workers. J Clin Diagn Res 2018;12:JC01‑6.
26. Garza KB, Harris CV, Bolding MS. Examination of value of the
future and health beliefs to explain dietary and physical activity
behaviors. Res Social Adm Pharm 2013;9:851‑62.
)