Document Type : Original Article
Authors
- . Fatemeh Estebsari
- . Zahra Rahimi Khalifeh Kandi 1
- . Farideh Jalili Bahabadi
- . Kimia Estebsari 2
- . Davoud Mostafaei 3
1 Department of Health Education, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
2 Azna Health Network, Azna Health Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
3 PHd Health Services Management, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Abstract
CONTEXT: Quality of life is significant in all stages of life, including within pregnancy. The hormonal,
emotional, psychological, and physical factors specific to pregnancy can affect and threaten the
quality of life of pregnant mothers.
AIMS: This study sought to investigate the health‑related quality of life (HRQoL) and related factors
among pregnant women
SETTINGS AND DESIGN: This cross‑sectional study was performed on 300 pregnant women who
were in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy without any risk of high‑risk pregnancy covered
by a community health center in Yazd, Iran, between 2018 and 2019.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The required data were collected using demographic questionnaire
and HRQoL (SF‑12v2) questionnaire
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Data were analyzed using SPSS 18 software and ANOVA
statistical tests (P < 0.05).
RESULTS: Physical dimension of quality of life of pregnant women had the mean and standard
deviation of 43.7 ± 7.3 and that psychological dimension had the mean and standard deviation of
31.5 ± 11.8. Physical dimension of quality of life was significantly correlated with maternal age,
gestational age, body mass index before 12 weeks of pregnancy, mother’s education and job as
well as spouse’s level of education (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the psychological dimension of quality
of life was significantly correlated with gestational age, mother’s education and occupation as well
as spouse’s level of education (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: According to the findings, attention to physical and psychological aspects of quality
of life of pregnant women and demographic factors affecting it is essential for improving maternal
and child health during and after pregnancy.
Keywords
- Chenary R, Noroozi A, Tahmasebi R. Health promoting behaviors
in veterans in Ilam province. J Military Med 2013;15:102‑95.
2. Mirghafourvand M, Charandabi SM, Asghari Jafarabadi M,
Tavananezhad N, Karkhane M. Predictors of health‑related
quality of life in Iranian women of reproductive age. Res Center
Health Effect Soc Factors 2016;11:723‑37.
3. Ng CG, Mohamed S, See MH, Harun F, Dahlui M, Sulaiman AH,
et al. Anxiety, depression, perceived social support and qualityof
life in Malaysian breast cancer patients: A 1‑year prospective
study. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2015;13:205.
4. Schlesinger S, Walter J, Hampe J, von Schönfels W, Hinz S,
Küchler T, et al. Lifestyle factors and health‑related quality of life in
colorectal cancer survivors. Cancer Causes Control 2014;25:99‑110. - 5. CorderoMJ, Leon‑RiosXA, Rivero‑BlancoT, Rodriguez‑BlanqueR,
Expósito‑Ruiz M, Gil‑Montoya JA. Quality of life during
pregnancy and its influence on oral health: A systematic review.
J Oral Res 2019;8:74‑81.
6. Han KS, Lee SJ, Park ES, Park YJ, Cheol KH. Structural model for
quality of life of patients with chronic cardiovascular disease in
Korea. Nurs Res 2005;54:85‑96.
7. Calou CG, de Oliveira MF, Carvalho FH, Soares PR, Bezerra RA,
de Lima SK, et al. Maternal predictors related to quality of life
in pregnant women in the Northeast of Brazil. Health Qual Life
Outcomes 2018;16:109.
8. RezaeiNiaraki M, Roosta S, Alimoradi Z, Allen KA, Pakpour AH.
The association between social capital and quality of life among
a sample of Iranian pregnant women. BMC Public Health
2019;19:1497.
9. Pashaie S, Estebsari F, Matbouei M, Nasiri M. Evaluation of the
effect of patient education on the quality of life cancer patients
undergoing radiotherapy: A review article. J Pharma Res Int
2019;14:1‑10.
10. Mohamadian H, Eftekhar H, Rahimi A, Mohamad HT,
Shojaiezade D, Montazeri A. Predicting health‑related quality of
life by using a health promotion model among Iranian adolescent
girls: A structural equation modeling approach. Nurs Health Sci
2011;13:141‑8.
11. Amoozegar F, Pringsheim T. Rizatriptan for the acute treatment
of migraine: Consistency, preference, satisfaction, and quality of
life. Patient Prefer Adherence 2009;3:251‑8.
12. Bahabadi FJ, Estebsari F, Rohani C, Kandi ZR, Sefidkar R,
Mostafaei D. Predictors of health‑promoting lifestyle in pregnant
women Basedon Pender’s health promotion model. Int J Womens
Health 2020;12:71‑7.
13. Oviedo-Caro MA, Bueno-Antequera J, Munguía-Izquierdo D.
Explanatory factors and levels of health-related quality of life
among healthy pregnant women at midpregnancy: A crosssectional study of The PregnActive Project. J Adv Nurs
2018;74:2766‑76.
14. Mirghafourvand M, Mohammad‑Alizadeh‑Charandabi S,
Asghari Jafarabadi M, Shiri F, Ghanbari‑Homayi S. Feasibility,
reliability, and validity of the Iranian version of the quality
of life questionnaire for pregnancy. Iran Red Crescent Med J
2016;18:e35382.
15. Da Costa D, Dritsa M, Verreault N, Balaa C, Kudzman J,
Khalifé S. Sleep problems and depressed mood negatively impact
health‑related quality of life during pregnancy. Arch Womens
Ment Health 2010;13:249‑57.
16. Hamzehgardeshi Z, Gelehkolaee Keshvar S, Kardan Soraky M.
Health‑promoting lifestyles and related factors in pregnant
women. Int Med Med Investig J 2018;3:12‑7.
17. Abedi P, Jorfi M, Afshari P. Evaluation of the health promotion
lifestyle and its related factors in reproductive aged women in
Ahvaz, Iran. Community Health J 2015;9:68‑74.
18. Lu HX, Xu W, Wong MC, Wei TY, Feng XP. Impact of
periodontal conditions on the quality of life of pregnant
women: A cross‑sectional study. Health Qual Life Outcomes
2015;13:67.
19. Montazeri A, Vahdaninia M, Mousavi SJ, Asadi‑Lari M,
Omidvari S, TavousiM. The 12‑item medical outcomes study short
form health survey version 2.0 (SF‑12v2): A population‑based
validation study from Tehran, Iran. Health Qual Life Outcomes
2011;9:12.
20. Abedi G, Babamiri F, Rostami F. Pregnant women life quality
concept & phenomenology. Int J Collab Res Internal Med Public
Health 2012;4:1412‑8.
21. Guszkowska M, Langwald M, Zaremba A, Dudziak D. The
correlates of mental health of well‑educated Polish women in the
first pregnancy. J Ment Health 2014;23:328‑32.
22. Baheiraei A, Bakouei F, Mohammadi E, Montazeri A, Hosseni M.
The social determinants of health in association with women’s
health status of reproductive age: A population‑based study. Iran
J Public Health 2015;44:119‑29.
23. Abbaszadeh F, Baghery A, Mehran N. Quality of life among
pregnant women. Hayat 2009;15:41‑48.
24. Rakhshani A, Maharana S, Raghuram N, Nagendra HR,
Venkatram P. Effects of integrated yoga on quality of life and
interpersonal relationship of pregnant women. Qual Life Res
2010;19:1447‑55.
25. Abbaszadeh F, Bagheri A, Mehran N. Quality of life in pregnant
women. Payesh (Health Monitor) 2010;9:69‑75.
26. Tsai SY, Lee PL, Lin JW, Lee CN. Cross‑sectional and longitudinal
associations between sleep and health‑related quality of life in
pregnant women: A prospective observational study. Int J Nurs
Stud 2016;56:45‑53.
27. LiJ, MaoJ, DuY, Morris JL, GongG, XiongX. Health‑related quality
of life among pregnant women with and without depression in
Hubei, China. Matern Child Health J 2012;16:1355‑63.
28. Lawan A, Awotidebe AW, Oyeyemi AL, Rufa’i AA, Oyeyemi AY.
Relationship between Physical Activity and Health Related
Quality of Life among Pregnant Women. Afr J Reprod Health
2018;22:80‑9.
29. Zhu Y, Wang Q, Pang G, Lin L, Origasa H, Wang Y, et al.
Association between body mass index and health‑related quality
of life: The “Obesity Paradox” in 21,218 adults of the Chinese
general population. PLoS One 2015;10:e0130613.
30. Kazemi F, Nahidi F, Kariman N. Exploring factors behind
pregnant women’s quality of life in Iran: A qualitative study.
Electron Physician 2017;9:5991‑6001.
31. Kazemi F, Nahidi F, Kariman N. Disorders affecting quality of
life during pregnancy: A qualitative study. J Clin Diagn Res
2017;11:QC06‑10.
32. Yılmaz E, Tokgöz B, Soysal Ç, Aker SŞ, Küçüközkan T. Nausea
and vomiting in pregnant adolescents: Impact on health‑related
quality of life. Eur Res J 2018;4:390‑8.
33. Alzboon G, Vural G. Factors influencing the quality of life of
healthy pregnant women in North Jordan. Medicina (Kaunas)
2019;55. pii: E278.
34. Mirghafourvand M, Baheiraei A, Nedjat S, Mohammadi E,
Charandabi SM, Majdzadeh R. A population‑based study of
health‑promoting behaviors and their predictors in Iranian
women of reproductive age. Health Promot Int 2015;30:586‑94.
35. Dağlar G, Bilgiç D, Özkan SA. Factors affecting the quality of life
among pregnant women during third trimester of pregnancy.
Cukurova Med J 2019;44:1.
36. Choi J, Fukuoka Y. Spousal influence on physical activity in
physically inactive pregnant women: A cross‑sectional study.
Health Care Women Int 2018;39:263‑74.
37. Sooky Z, Keramat A, Sharifi K, Dehghani M, Tagharrobi Z,
Taebi M, et al. Investigating happiness and its related factors in
married women referred to health centers of shahroud city. Iran
Red Crescent Med J 2014;16:e22211.
38. Attard CL, Kohli MA, Coleman S, Bradley C, Hux M,
Atanackovic G, et al. The burden of illness of severe nausea and
vomiting of pregnancy in the United States. Am J Obstet Gynecol
2002;186:S220‑7.
39. Couto ER, Couto E, Vian B, Gregório Z, Nomura ML, Zaccaria R,
et al. Quality of life, depression and anxiety among pregnant
women with previous adverse pregnancy outcomes. Sao Paulo
Med J 2009;127:185‑9.
40. Mogos MF, August EM, Salinas‑Miranda AA, Sultan DH,
Salihu HM. A Systematic Review of Quality of Life Measures
in Pregnant and Postpartum Mothers. Appl Res Qual Life
2013;8:219‑50.
41. Calou CG, Pinheiro AK, Castro RC, Oliveira MF, Aquino PS,
Antezana FJ. Health related quality of life of pregnant
women and associated factors: An integrative review. - Health (Irvine) 2014;6: 2375‑2387.
42. Lau Y, Yin L. Maternal, obstetric variables, perceived stress and
health‑related quality of life among pregnant women in Macao,
China. Midwifery 2011;27:668‑73.
43. Lagadec N, Steinecker M, Kapassi A, Magnier AM, Chastang J,
Robert S, et al. Factors influencing the quality of life of pregnant
women: A systematic review. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth
2018;18:455.
)