Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1 Department of Counseling, Pregnancy Health Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
2 Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
3 MSc Student of Midwifery Counseling, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a pervasive disease, and
its epidemic is spreading around the world. The only way to effectively fight against human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS is good‑quality health. The present study aimed to investigate
the effect of an educational intervention program on HIV/AIDS preventive behaviors based on the
Health Belief Model (HBM) in vulnerable women residing in peripheral neighborhoods.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was a quasi‑experimental research conducted among 200
vulnerable women, randomly selected from four community health centers in peripheral neighborhoods
in 2019 in Zahedan, Iran. The data were collected using a researcher‑made questionnaire, containing
demographic information, HIV knowledge, and the HBM constructs. Besides, the data were collected
before, immediately after, and 1 month after the intervention in both groups. Data analysis was
performed in SPSS (version 24) using descriptive statistics, Chi‑square test, independent t‑test,
repeated‑measures analysis of variance, and multivariate linear regression.
RESULTS: The findings revealed no significant difference in the mean scores of knowledge and
the HBM constructs before the educational intervention (P > 0.05). However, after the intervention,
this difference was significant in three time intervals (P < 0.05). Despite the effectiveness of
the educational intervention in the mean scores of knowledge and the HBM constructs in the
intervention group compared with the controls, the largest effect size was observed, respectively, in
knowledge (d = 0.762) and perceived barriers (d = 0.612), and the smallest effect size was reported
in cues to action (d = 0.421). As well, the F‑statistic ratio (0.847) demonstrated that the selected
demographic variables had failed to explain variations in knowledge mean scores (P = 0.497).
CONCLUSION: HBM‑based training interventions were positive for HIV/AIDS prevention behaviors.
However, training alone does not seem to have enough effect on behavior persistence. Therefore,
further research is recommended to investigate the role of predictive factors, especially social
determinants of health and their relationship to different parts of the model, to take more effective
measures for behavioral stability at the same time as training.
Keywords
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