Document Type : Original Article
Authors
- . Nishu Jha
- . Ajeet Singh Bhadoria
- . Yogesh Bahurupi
- . Kanchan Gawande
- . Bhavna Jain
- . Jaya Chaturvedi
- . Surekha Kishore
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Menstruation is a normal physiological process among reproductive age group
females. Although some of them show the abnormal menstrual pattern, which is influenced by
several factors, including sociodemographic status, psychosocial stress, improper sleep level,
etc. The identification of these risk factors associated with abnormal menstrual patterns may permit
risk stratification among adolescent girls. This study was planned to determine various factors which
depict menstrual cycle pattern among adolescent girls in urban India.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A school‑based case–control study was carried out in urban India
from May to December 2019. Urban locality and schools were randomly selected, and data were
collected in two phases. Adolescent girls in the age group of 10–19 years studying in government
and private (both Hindi medium and English medium) schools of urban India were screened for the
abnormal menstrual pattern. Equal numbers of age‑matched controls were also enrolled. Data were
collected with the help of self‑administered predesigned pretested semi‑structured questionnaire.
Chi‑square test, Fisher’s exact test, unpaired t‑test, and McNemar tests were used to analyze data
using SPSS version 23.0.
RESULTS: A total of 100 cases and 100 age‑matched controls (mean age 14.8 ± 1.5 years) were
included in the study, almost half of the cases and controls have normative menarche. Improper
sleep patterns increased stress levels, and low education status of mothers show statistically
significant (P = 0.047) association with abnormal menstrual patterns.
CONCLUSION: More stress, improper sleep levels, and low education status of mothers among
school‑going adolescent girls were strongly associated with abnormal menstrual patterns with more
symptoms during menstruation.
Keywords
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