Document Type : Original Article
Authors
- . Ali Almasi
- . Alireza Zangeneh
- . Shahram Saeidi
- . Razie Toghroli 1
- . Raziyeh Teimouri
- . Akram Sadat Hoseini 2
- . Neda Kinipour 3
- . Fatemeh Mahmoodi 4
- . Kobra Gholami Kiaee 5
1 Social Determinants in Health Promotion Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
2 Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
3 Students Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
4 Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
5 Department of Nursing, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Children are among the most vulnerable groups in society, whose health is of
prominent significance. Moreover, as a group of clients with special needs in the health care system,
they require special attention. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the 0–14‑year‑old
children’s access to health centers in rural areas of Kermanshah Province, Iran.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the present cross‑sectional study, both the latest published
demographic statistics related to the Population and Housing Census, announced by the Statistical
Center of Iran in 2011, and the information about the public and private hospitals in the province,
collected by Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, were used as the basis for the analyses.
In addition, given the importance of the spatial nature of the research, geographic information system
was used for data analysis, and a buffer model was also applied.
RESULTS: The results revealed that out of the total population of 0–14‑year‑old children residing in
rural areas within 15,000 and 30,000‑km radii of Kermanshah Province, 87.94% and 75.11% of girls
versus 88.15% and 75.38% of boys lacked access to health centers, respectively.
CONCLUSION: It was found out that the 0–14‑year‑old children’s access to health centers was in poor
condition in rural areas of Kermanshah Province, which would endanger the health of this age group.
Keywords
Meeting of the International Health Regulations. (IHR 2005)
Emergency Committee on Zika Vírus and Observed Increase
in Neurological Disorders and Neonatal Malformations. World
Health Organization; 2016. Available from: http://www who
int/news-room/detail/01-02-2016-who-statement-on-the-firstmeeting-of-the-international-health-regulations; 2005. [Last
accessed on 2018 Jun 05].
2. Harerimana JM, Nyirazinyoye L, Thomson DR, Ntaganira J.
Social, economic and environmental risk factors for acute lower
respiratory infections among children under five years of age in
Rwanda. Arch Public Health 2016;74:19.
3. Nazari B, Bakhshi S, Kaboudi M, Dehghan F, Ziapour A,
Montazeri N. A comparison of quality of life, anxiety and
depression in children with cancer and healthy children,
Kermanshah-Iran. Int J Pediatr 2017;5:5305-14.
4. Abbasi P, Ziapour A, Özdenk G, Kianipour N. Study on the role
of social capital in students’ Health at Kermanshah University of
Medical Sciences: The role of demographic variables. J Clin Diagn
Res 2018;12:JC01-4.
5. Ziapour A, Zokaei A, Kahrizy F. A theoretical study of the
standing of social investment in the health sector. Soc Sci
2016;11:3682-7.
6. Folland S, Goodman AC, Stano M. The Economics of Health and
Health Care: Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ; 2007.
7. Ghasemi S, Rajabi Gilan N, Reshadat S, Saeidi S, Ziapour A,
Zangeneh A. Health-related quality of life in informal settlements
in Kermanshah, Islamic Republic of Iran: Role of poverty and
perception of family socioeconomic status. Eastern Mediterranean Health J 2019;25:775-83.
8. Ziapour A, Kianipour N. Health-related quality of life among
university students: The role of demographic variables. J Clin
Diagn Res 2018;12:JC01-4.
9. Starfield B. The hidden inequity in health care. Int J Equity Health
2011;10:15.
10. Tofighi SH, Fathiyan N, Mirzaei A, Teymourzadeh E. Affecting
factors in selection of appropriate area for health care center in
operational zones. J Mil Med 2010;12:107-10.
11. Tofighi SH, Fallah M, Khajeh Azad M. Quality evaluation of
knowledge management in a military hospital based on the
Baldrige excellence model. J Mil Med 2012;13:213-6.
12. Baudelot C, Caillé Y, Godechot O, Mercier S, Reeve P. Renal
diseases and social inequalities in access to transplantation in
France. Populat 2016;71:23-51.
13. Abbasi P, Kianipour N, Ziapour A. Correlation of the components
of student’s lifestyles and their health promotion. J Clin Diagn
Res 2018;12:LC01-4.
14. Gusmano MK, Weisz D, Rodwin VG. Achieving horizontal equity:
Must we have a single-payer health system? J Health Polit Policy
Law 2009;34:617-33.
15. Abbasi P, Kianipour N, Demir Özdenk G, Ziapour A. Dataset
of leisure time among students at Kermanshah University of
Medical Sciences and its relationship with health-related quality
of life (HRQOL). Data Brief 2018;21:122-7.
16. Abbasi P, Timareh M, Ziapour A, Kianipour N. A study of the
components of happiness and the role of demographic variables
among the students at kermanshah university of medical sciences.
J Postgraduate Med Institut 2018;32:173-8.
17. Osgood DW, Foster EM, Courtney ME. Vulnerable populations
and the transition to adulthood. Future Child 2010;20:209-29.
18. Montazeri N, Kianipour N, Nazari B, Ziapour A, Bakhshi S.
Health Promoting Behaviors among University Students: A CaseSectional Study of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences.
Int J Pediatr 2017;5:5091-9.
19. Williams GA, Parmar D, Dkhimi F, Asante F, Arhinful D,
Mladovsky P. Equitable access to health insurance for socially
excluded children? The case of the National Health Insurance
Scheme (NHIS) in Ghana. Soc Sci Med 2017;186:10-9.
20. Kaboudi M, Sharma M, Ziapour A, Dehghan F, Abbasi P.
Pathology of cyberspace: A study of the detrimental effects of
mobile phones on students’ psychological well-being. Int J Pediatr
2019;7:10077-85.
21. Zokaei A, Ziapour A, Kianipour N. Evaluation of relationship
between organizational culture and job satisfaction among
employee of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences. Soc
Sci 2016;11:4005-12.
22. Boothby N. US Government action plan on children in
adversity: In pursuit of a coherent foreign assistance framework
for vulnerable children. Peace and conflict: J Peace Psychol
2017;23:31-9.
23. Kaboudi M, Abbasi P, Heidarisharaf P, Dehghan F, Ziapour A.
The effect of resilience training on the condition of style of coping
and parental stress in mothers of children with Leukemia. Int J
Pediatr 2018;6:7299-310.
24. Freeman HE, Blendon RJ, Aiken LH, Sudman S, Mullinix CF,
Corey CR. Americans report on their access to health care. Health
Affairs 1987;6:6-18.
25. Jalilian N, Ziapour A, Mokari Z, Kianipour N. A study of the
relationship between the components of spiritual health and
happiness of students at Kermanshah University of Medical
Sciences in 2016. Ann Trop Med Public Health 2017;10:1010-4.
26. Fatih K, Egresi IO. Accessibility of health care institutions: A case
study by using GIS. Int J 2013;3:2305-493.
27. Saikia S, Gogoi B. GIS based accessibility analysis: A study
on health care services in Jorhat district of Assam. Clarion Int
Multidisciplin J 2017;6:83-91.
28. Eshrati B, Emroozi R, Mousavi E, Azimi M, Esmaeeli A,
Bakhtiari H, et al. Assessment of inequity for childhood health
care package provision in family medicine program according
to the distance to the center of the district and province. Iran J
Epidem 2014;9:1-8.
29. Rechel B, Blackburn CM, Spencer NJ, Rechel B. Access to health
care for Roma children in Central and Eastern Europe: Findings
from a qualitative study in Bulgaria. Int J Equity Health 2009;8:24.
30. James SL, Lucchesi LR, Bisignano C, Castle CD, Dingels ZV, Fox
JT, et al. Morbidity and mortality from road injuries: results from
the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Injury prevention:
journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent
Injury Prevention. 2020;26(SUPP_1):46-56.
31. Reshadat S, Saedi S, Zangeneh A, Amooie MR, Karbasi A.
Equity in access to health care using geographic information
system: A Kermanshah case study. J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci
2014;24:134-40.
32. Rushton G. Public health, GIS, and spatial analytic tools. Annu
Rev Public Health 2003;24:43-56.
33. Houghton F. Reflections on the science and art of using a GIS
to locate a new national children’s hospital in Ireland. Irish
Geography 2009;42:245-52.
34. Grineski SE, Collins TW, Chakraborty J, McDonald YJ.
Environmental health injustice: Exposure to air toxics and
children’s respiratory hospital admissions in El Paso, Texas.
Profess Geographer 2013;65:31-46.
35. Tariku A, Bikis GA, Woldie H, Wassie MM, Worku AG. Child
wasting is a severe public health problem in the predominantly
rural population of Ethiopia: A community based cross-sectional
study. Arch Public Health 2017;75:26.
36. Knaul FM, Arreola-Ornelas H, Méndez-Carniado O,
Bryson-Cahn C, Barofsky J, Maguire R, et al. Evidence is
good for your health system: policy reform to remedy
catastrophic and impoverishing health spending in Mexico.
Lancet 2006;368:1828-41.
37. Reshadat S, Zangeneh A, Saeidi S, Teimouri R, Yigitcanlar T.
Measures of spatial accessibility to health centers: Investigating
urban and rural disparities in Kermanshah, Iran. J Public Health
2019;27:519-29.
38. GhiasvandH, HadianM, MalekiM, ShabaninejadH. Determinants
of catastrophic medical payments in hospitals affiliated to Iran
University of Medical Sciences 2009. Hakim Res J 2010;13:145-54.
39. Salehi-Isfahani D, Abbasi-Shavazi MJ, Hosseini-Chavoshi M.
Family planning and fertility decline in rural Iran: The impact of
rural health clinics. Health Econ 2010;19 Suppl: 159-80.
40. Mehryar AH, Aghajanian A, Ahmad-Nia S, MirzaeM, NaghaviM.
Health Indicators, and Rural Poverty Reduction: The Experience of
Iran. The xxv General Population Conference of the International
Union for the Scientific Study of Population (IUSSP); 2005.
41. Yoosefi Lebni J, Ziapour A, Khosravi B, Rahimi Khalifeh Kandi Z.
Lived experience of mothers of children with disabilities:
A qualitative study of Iran. J Public Health 2020;1-7. Available
from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10389-02001215-0. [Last accessed on 22 May 20].
42. Taghvaei M, Shahivandi A. Spatial distribution of health services
in Iranian cities. Soc Welfare Q 2011;10:33-54.
43. Ahsan KZ, Arifeen SE, Al-Mamun MA, Khan SH, Chakraborty N.
Effects of individual, household and community characteristics
on child nutritional status in the slums of urban Bangladesh. Arch
Public Health 2017;75:9.
44. Reshadat S, Zangeneh A, Saeidi S, Ghasemi S, Rajabi-Gilan N,
Zakiei A. Inequalities in access to hospitals: A case study in the
Islamic Republic of Iran 1997–2012. Eastern Mediterranean Health
J 2019;25:119-26.
)