Document Type : Original Article
Authors
Department of Public Health, School of Health, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Oral health is a very important issue for different groups, especially adolescents.
Social cognitive theory seeks to describe and promote people’s health behaviors in a variety of ways.
The aim of this study was to determine the role of self‑efficacy, outcome expectation, and outcome
expectancy in promoting oral health behaviors in adolescent girls in Shahrekord.
METHODS: The present study was performed as an intervention in junior high schools in
Shahrekord (school year: 2018–2019). Using cluster sampling method, a total of eighty adolescent
girls studying in Shahrekord public schools were selected and randomly divided into two groups of
intervention and control. A researcher‑made questionnaire was used to collect data on demographic
variables, outcome expectation, and outcome expectancy constructs. In addition, a checklist was
used to assess the status of oral health among the participants. Education for the experimental group
was held in four sessions, each lasting 50–60 min. The data required for the study were collected in
three stages: before the intervention, immediately after, and 2 months after the intervention. Using
SPSS statistical software version 18, the collected data were analyzed through paired t‑test and
analysis of variance via repeating the observations.
RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of demographic
variables. Before the intervention, there was no significant difference between the two groups in
terms of the mean scores of outcome expectation, outcome expectancy, and self‑efficacy; however,
after the intervention, there was an increase in the scores of the experimental group (P < 0.001). Two
months after training, there was also a significant increase in the mean score of oral health behavior
in the experimental group (P < 0.001).
CONCLUSION: Training based on perceived self‑efficacy, outcome expectation, and outcome
expectancy played an important role in creating the desired attitude toward oral health‑promoting
behavior among students.
Keywords
Alidoosti F. Effect of role modeling through theater show in oral
health education. J Islam Dent Assoc Iran 2009;21:138‑42.
2. Ayegh SH, Esfahani MN. Knowledge and attitudes of dental
students at Universities across the Country to provide oral health
services, and health care networks in the Nation. J Daneshvar
2007;15:53‑6.
3. US. Department of Health and Human Services. Health People
2010: Understanding and Improving Health. Washington (Dc):
US Government Printing Office (GPO); 2000.
4. Rahimi F, Shojaeezade D, Zeraati H, Akbarian M. Oral health
care based on educational health belief model in child. J Health
2011;2:74‑81.
5. Rahimzadeh A, Solaimani PF, Rahmani K, Bagheri S. Effect of a
training intervention program designed based on health belief
model on adopting behaviors preventing dental caries in students.
Iran J Health Educ Health Promot 2018;6:266‑76.
6. Karami K, Shakerinejad G, Kabiry B. Effect of education based
on health belief model on students’ oral health behavior change.
J Ilam Univ Med Sci 2014;21:134‑41.
7. Peyman N, Roudi KH. The effect of education based on the
theory of planned behavior on caries prevention of permanent
teeth in fifth grade students in Khaf City. J Mashhad Dent Sch
2015;39:123‑36.
8. Buglar ME, White KM, Robinson NG. The role of self‑efficacy in
dental patients’ brushing and flossing: Testing an extended health
belief model. Patient Educ Couns 2010;78:269‑72.
9. Sadeghi M, Bagherian A. DMFT index and bilateral dental
caries occurrence among 12‑year‑old students in Rafsanjan‑2007.
J Rafsenjan Univ Med Sci 2008;7:267‑74.
10. Hajiagha AP, Saffari M. Predictors of tooth brushing behavior
in Iranian adolescents: An application of the planned behavior
theory. J Islam Dent Assoc Iran 2012;24:159‑64.
11. Najarkolaei FR, Jafari NJ, Jafari MR. The effectiveness of social
cognitive theory (SCT) workshop educational intervention for
HIV/AIDS risk reduction in non‑medical University Students.
hrjbaq 2016;1:95‑103.
12. Saffari M, Shojaezade D, Ghofranipour F, Heydarnia A,
Pakpour A. Health Education and Promotion, Theories, Models
and Methods. 1st ed. Tehran: Sobhan; 2009. p. 100‑12.
13. Sharma M, Roma JA. Theoretical Foundation of Health Education
and Health Promotion. United States of America: Jones Bartlett
Publishers; 2008.
14. Gargari RB, Hadadian NS. The role of self‑efficacy and factors of health belief model in dental patients’ brushing and flossing.
J Urmia Nurs Midwifery Fac 2011;9:1‑9.
15. Bashirian S, Jalily M, Shahanjarini AK, Soltanian A, Barati M.
Effectiveness of educational program based on social cognitive
theory constructs to promote nutritional behaviors among
pregnant women in Tabriz. Iran J Nutr Sci Food Technol
2017;12:1‑10.
16. Lawshe CH. A quantitative approach to content validity.
Personnel Psych 1975;28:563‑75.
17. Waltz CF, Bausell RB. Nursing Research: Design, Statistics, and
Computer Analysis. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Co; 1981. p. 45.
18. Ramezankhani A, Mazaheri M, Dehdari T, Movahedi M. The
relationship between HBM constructs with fifth grade students
of dental caries in Dezful. J Med 2011;2:221‑8.
19. Mazloumi‑Mahmoud AS, Rohani TN. Some of the factors related
to oral health among secondary school students in the Health
Belief Model in Yazd. Birjand Uni Med Sci 2007;3:40‑8.
20. Kabiry B, Shakerinejad GH, Karami KB, Angalli KA. The effect of
training on students’ oral and dental health behaviors and health
belief model constructs. Sadra Med Sci J 2014;2:327‑38.
21. Fallahi A, Morowatisharifabad M, Haeriyan A, Lotfi MH. Survey
stages of cleaning between tooth cleaning behavior of the trans
theoretical model‑based pre‑University students in Yazd. Tehran
Univ Med Sci J 2009;4:41‑50.
22. Bandura A. Self‑efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral
change. Psychol Rev 1977;84:191‑215.
23. Birang R, Shakerian K, Samani FY, Nadim M. Effects of education
through video media in promoting oral health among students.
J Arak Univ Med Sci 2006;2:1‑6.
)