Document Type : Original Article
Authors
- . Jafar Bazyar 1
- . Siednour Alimoradi 2
- . Mohammadreza Seydi 3
- . Negar Pourvakhshoori 4
- . Jamil Sadeghifar 5
1 Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran Pre‑Hospital Medical Emergency Organization, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran,
2 Pre‑Hospital Medical Emergency Organization, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
3 Department of Treatment Management, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
4 Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran, Department of Health in Emergency and Disaster Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
5 Department of Public Health and Health Education, School of Health, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Utilizing the successful experiences of countries and local regions can be useful in
the management and control of coronavirus disease‑2019 (COVID‑19), so the research team aims
to determine and extract the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of the health system
in the risk management of COVID‑19 using strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats (SWOT)
analytical approach.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was performed by a qualitative multimethod approach.
In addition to reviewing the minutes of meetings and approvals of the Provincial Anti‑Corona
Headquarters, focused group meetings and in‑depth semi‑structured individual interviews were
conducted. The results were extracted based on the SWOT analytical approach in the form of
strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of the health system and then based on the SWOT
matrix, the necessary strategies were identified.
RESULTS: In the necessary strategies, based on SWOT matrix in SO strategies: SO1, formation
of regional health assessment teams; SO2, promotion of preparedness, resilience, and effective
response; SO3, activation of research and training centers; SO4, integrated management,
supervision, and coordination; in WO strategies: WO1, analysis and COVID‑19 risk monitoring;
WO2, communication and risk information management; WO3, people‑based management; and
WO4, activation of local economic institutions and manufacturing centers; in ST: ST1, comprehensive
care system strategies; and ST2, enhancing social trust with a transparency approach; and finally
in WT strategies; WT1, stress management; and WT2, specific financial system design for disaster
management were identified.
CONCLUSION: Now, for the prevention and control of this disease, the need of empathy and
participation of all human societies is felt more than anything else. These experience and analysis
are based on the SWOT approach for the health system to be able to provide solutions and practical
points that can be used by stakeholders.
Keywords
- McAleer M. Prevention is Better than the Cure: Risk Management
of COVID‑19. Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; 2020,
13 (3),46;https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm13030046.
2. Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, et al. Clinical features
of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China.
Lancet 2020;395:497‑506.
3. Organization WH. Novel Coronavirus (2019‑nCoV): Situation
Report‑3; 23 JANUARY 2020.
4. Dong L, Zhang Y, Tao Q, Deng S, Li N. Statistical estimate of
epidemic trend, suggestions and lessons for public safety from
the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID‑19). Electronic copy available
at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3539660
5. Yue XG, Shao XF, Li RY, Crabbe MJ, Mi L, Hu S, et al. Risk
Management Analysis for Novel Coronavirus in Wuhan, China.
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; 2020.
6. Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, Qu J, Gong F, Han Y, et al.
Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019
novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: A descriptive
study. Lancet 2020;395:507‑13.
7. Xiang YT, Yang Y, Li W, Zhang L, Zhang Q, Cheung T, et al.
Timely mental health care for the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak
is urgently needed. Lancet Psychiatry 2020;7:228‑9.
8. Zhu N, Zhang D, Wang W, Li X, Yang B, Song J, et al. A novel
coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019. N Engl
J Med 2020;382:727‑33.
9. Zandifar A, Badrfam R. Iranian mental health during the
COVID‑19 epidemic. Asian J Psychiatr 2020;51:101990.
10. Carvalho PMM, Moreira MM, de Oliveira MNA, Landim JMM,
Neto MLR. The psychiatric impact of the novel coronavirus
outbreak. Psychiatry Res 2020;286:112902.
11. Wang C, Horby PW, Hayden FG, Gao GF. A novel coronavirus
outbreak of global health concern. Lancet 2020;395:470‑3.
12. Rothan HA, Byrareddy SN. The epidemiology and pathogenesis
of coronavirus disease (COVID‑19) outbreak. J Autoimmun
2020;109:102433.
13. Hungler BP, Beck C, Polit D. Essentials of Nursing Research:
Methods, Appraisal, and Utilization. 10(3):175‑178, journals.lww.
com: Lippincott‑Raven; 1997.
14. Stommel M, Wills C. Clinical Research: Concepts and Principles
for Advanced Practice Nurses. ISBN: 0781735181, Lippincott
Williams & Wilkins; 2004. books.google.com.
15. Harper M, Cole P. Member checking: Can benefits be gained
similar to group therapy. Journal of The qualitative report.
2012;17:510‑7, http://nsuworks.nova.edu/tqr/vol17/iss2/1.
16. Salsali M, Fakhr Movahedi A, Cheraghi M. Grounded Theory
Research in Medical Science (Philosophy and Applied Principles).
Tehran: Boshra; 2007.
17. Powers BA, Knapp T, Knapp TR. Dictionary of Nursing Theory
and Research. book. ISBN: 082610665X. Springer Publishing
Company; 2010.
18. Kaiser K. Protecting respondent confidentiality in qualitative
research. Qual Health Res 2009;19:1632‑41. - 19. Ramcharan P, Cutcliffe JR. Judging the ethics of qualitative
research: Considering the ‘ethics as process’ model. Health Soc
Care Community 2001;9:358‑66.
20. Halai A. Ethics in Qualitative Research: Issues and Challenges;
2006. Plenary Address: Multi Disciplinary Qualitative Research in
Developing Countries, Aka Khan University, Karachi, November
2006.
21. Townsend A, Cox SM, Li LC. Qualitative research ethics:
Enhancing evidence‑based practice in physical therapy. Phys
Ther 2010;90:615‑28.
22. Killawi A, Khidir A, Elnashar M, Abdelrahim H, Hammoud M,
Elliott H, et al. Procedures of recruiting, obtaining informed
consent, and compensating research participants in Qatar:
Findings from a qualitative investigation. BMC Med Ethics
2014;15:9.
23. Gürel E, Tat M. SWOT analysis: A theoretical review. J Int Soc
Res 2017;10.
24. Chermack TJ, Kasshanna BK. The use and misuse of SWOT
analysis and implications for HRD professionals. Hum Resour
Dev Int 2007;10:383‑99.
25. Brad S, Brad E. Enhancing SWOT analysis with TRIZ‑based tools
to integrate systematic innovation in early task design. Procedia
Eng 2015;131:616‑25.
26. Humphrey A. SWOT analysis for management consulting. SRI
Alumni Newsl 2005;1:7‑8.
27. Friesner T. History of SWOT analysis. Marketing Teacher, 2000,
Volume 2010.
28. Wang J, Wang Z. Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and
threats (SWOT) analysis of China’s prevention and control
strategy for the COVID‑19 Epidemic. Int J Environ Res Public
Health 2020;17, 2235; doi: 10.3390/ijerph 17072235.
29. Baker M, Kvalsvig A, Verrall AJ, Telfar‑Barnard L, Wilson N.
New Zealand’s elimination strategy for the COVID‑19
pandemic and what is required to make it work. N Z Med J
2020;133:10‑4.
30. Davey S, Davey A, Jain R. Impact of social distancing on curtailing
COVID 2019 epidemic in India: A systematic review by SWOT
analysis approach. Epidemiol Int 2020;5:44‑9.
)