Journal of Education and Health Promotion

Determining the effective factors on developing entrepreneurial managers in the Iranian health system: A qualitative study

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

. Fatemeh Farajzadeh
. Sogand Tourani
. Hossein Shabaninejad

Health Management and Economics Research Center, Department of Medical Library and Information Science, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Entrepreneurship is the engine of economic growth and a main symbol of innovation
in any country. The health system of the country needs entrepreneur managers to eradicate the
problems and provide better services. The purpose of this study was to identify factors affecting the
nurturing of entrepreneurial managers in the Iran’s health system.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was carried out qualitatively with the grounded
theory method and through semi‑structured interviews with six questions. The data sources
were 22 key informants who were purposefully selected from healthcare organizations and other
entrepreneurship‑related institutions. Data were analyzed and interpreted using the framework
analysis. Data were managed and analyzed using MAXQDA software.
RESULTS: Findings of this study indicated 6 main themes and 46 subthemes. The six factors
affecting the development of entrepreneurial managers in the Iran’s health system were determined
as individual, family, social, economic, organizational, and educational.
CONCLUSION: Iranian health organizations need to nurture entrepreneurial managers to tackle the
challenges of the health system, compete internationally, and have successful performance. Hence,
delivering the health industry to entrepreneurial managers in the long run will bring back positive
results of growth and development to the body of the health system. Therefore, paying attention
to the identified themes and subthemes and the solutions presented in this study can help nurture
entrepreneurial managers’ and successful performance of the Iran’s health sector.

Keywords

Entrepreneurial managers
health system
Iran
  1. Hamel G. The Future of Management. Tehran: Andishe Emroz;
    2010. p. 344.
    2. DaryaniMA. Entrepreneurship, Definitions. Theories and Patterns
    Tehran: Jajarmi; 2012.
    3. Felício J, Caldeirinha V, Rodrigues R. Global mindset and
    the internationalization of small firms: The importance of the
    characteristics of entrepreneurs. International Entrepreneurship
    and Management Journal. 2012 Dec 1;8(4):467-85. [doi: 10.1007/
    s11365-012-0232-5].
    4. Paul H, Golden JE, Steven D. The relationship of structure
    to entrepreneurial and innovative success. Mark Intell Plann
    1994;12:37‑48.
    5. Prokopenko J, Pavlin I. Entrepreneurship Development in Public
    Enterprises. Geneva: International Labour Organization; 1991.
    6. Schumpeter JA. Theory of Economic Development. Harvard
    University Press: Routledge; 2017.
    7. Turkina E, Thai MT. Socio‑psychological determinants of
    opportunity entrepreneurship. Int Entrepreneurship Manage J
    2015;11:213‑38.
    8. Borkowski N, Gordon J. Entrepreneurial organizations: The
    driving force for improving quality in the healthcare industry.
    J Health Hum Serv Adm 2006;28:531‑49.
    9. Wennekers S, Uhlaner L, Thurik R. Entrepreneurship and its
    conditions: A macro perspective. Int J Entrepreneurship Educ
    2002;1:25‑64.
    10. Burns P. Entrepreneurship and Small Business. New York:
    Palgrave Macmillan Limited; 2016.
    11. Lages M, Marques CS, Ferreira JJ, Ferreira FA. Intrapreneurship
    and firm entrepreneurial orientation: Insights from the health care
    service industry. Int Entrepreneurship Manage J 2017;13:837‑54.
    12. Hadian M, Raeissi P, Shali M, Khalilabad TH, Niknam N.
    Investigating the effects of human health resource changes on
    the basic health indicators in Iran: An econometric study. J Educ
    Health Promot 2019;8:207.
    13. Topping S. Carr JC, Woodard B, Burcham MR, Johnson K.
    The entrepreneurial process in health care: Strategic thinking
    and entrepreneurial action in the health care industry. In: The
    Nashville Phenomenon. Oxford: Elsevier; 2007. [doi: 10.1016/
    S1474-8231(06)06016-2].
    14. Guo KL. Applying entrepreneurship to health care organizations.
    N Engl J Entrepreneurship 2003;6: No. 1, 1-9.
    15. Guo KL. An assessment tool for developing healthcare managerial
    skills and roles. J Healthc Manag 2003;48:367‑76.
    16. Guo KL. Entrepreneurship management in health services: An
    integrative model. J Health Hum Serv Adm 2006;28:504‑30.
    17. Guo KL. Core competencies of the entrepreneurial leader in health
    care organizations. Health Care Manag (Frederick) 2009;28:19‑29.
    18. Cutler DM. Where are the health care entrepreneurs? The failure
    of organizational innovation in health care. Innov Policy Econ
    2011;11:1‑28.
    19. Jahani S, Abedi H, Elahi N, Fallahi‑Khoshknab M. Iranian
    entrepreneur nurses’ perceived barriers to entrepreneurship:
    A qualitative study. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res 2016;21:45‑53.
    20. Khayatan M, Mobaraki MH. Factors affecting the entrepreneurial
    behavior of TUMS research centers managers. J Payavard Salamat
    2014;8:198‑209.
  2. 21. Salarianzadeh M, Sadr F, Mahdavi MV, Maher A. Factors
    affecting organizational entrepreneurship in governmental health
    organizations of Iran. Health Inf Manag 2012;8:1212.
    22. Slavica S, Amorós JE, Arreola DM. Global Entrepreneurship
    Monitor 2014 Global Report. Global Entrepreneurship Research
    Association (GERA). 2014.
    23. Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM); 2017. Available from:
    http://ent.ut.ac.ir/fa/gem. [Last accessed on 2017 May 30].
    24. Gale NK, Heath G, Cameron E, Rashid S, Redwood S. Using
    the framework method for the analysis of qualitative data in
    multi‑disciplinary health research. BMC Med Res Methodol
    2013;13:117.
    25. Creswell JW, Hanson WE, Clark Plano VL, Morales A. Qualitative
    research designs: Selection and implementation. Couns Psychol
    2007;35:236‑64.
    26. Corbin JM, Strauss A. Grounded theory research: Procedures,
    canons, and evaluative criteria. Qual Sociol 1990;13:3‑21.
    27. Creswell J. Research method. In: Creswell JW, editor. Planning,
    Conducting, and Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative
    Research: Educational Research. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice
    Hall; 2007, Mar;35(2):236-64.
    28. Strauss A, Corbin J. Principles of Qualitative Research: Techniques
    and Stages of the Underlying Theory. Tehran: NEY; 2012.
    29. Böhm A. Theoretical coding: Text analysis in grounded theory.
    In: Flick DU, von Kardorff E, Steinke I, editors. A Companion to
    Qualitative Research. London: Sage; 2004. p. 270‑5.
    30. Guetterman T. Descriptions of sampling practices within five
    approaches to qualitative research in education and the health
    sciences. 2015; 16(2). https://doi.org/10.17169/fqs-16.2.2290.
    31. Attride‑Stirling J. Thematic networks: An analytic tool for
    qualitative research. Qual Res 2001;1:385‑405.
    32. Leitch CM, Volery T. Entrepreneurial leadership: Insights
    and directions. International Small Business Journal. 2017
    Mar;35(2):147-56.
    33. Hasani M, Gorji HA, Panahi S. Recognition of factors affecting the
    use of volunteer clinical forces in hospitals in Tehran: Aqualitative
    study. J Educ Health Promot 2021;10:16.
    34. Moradi F, Toghroli R, Abbas J, Ziapour A, Lebni JY, Aghili A, et
    al. Hospital managers’ skills required and onward challenges: A
    qualitative study. Journal of Education and Health Promotion.
    2020;9. [doi:10.21203/rs.2.23432/v1].
    35. Carland JW, Hoy F, Carland JA. “Who is an entrepreneur?” Is a
    question worth asking. Am J Small Bus 1988;12:33‑9.
    36. Marques CS, Valente S, Lages M. The influence of personal
    and organisational factors on entrepreneurship intention:
    An application in the health care sector. J Nurs Manage
    2018;26:696‑706.
    37. Zhao H, Seibert SE, Lumpkin GT. The relationship of personality
    to entrepreneurial intentions and performance: A meta‑analytic
    review. J Manage 2010;36:381‑404.
    38. Eckhardt JT, Shane SA. Response to the commentaries: The
    individual‑opportunity (IO) nexus integrates objective and
    subjective aspects of entrepreneurship. Acad Manage Rev
    2013;38:160‑3.
    39. Eckhardt JT, Shane SA. Opportunities and entrepreneurship.
    J Manage 2003;29:333‑49.
    40. ChristopherD, AndrewH. “Push” versus “pull” entrepreneurship:
    An ambiguous distinction? Int J Entrepreneurial Behav Res
    2012;18:697‑719.
    41. Molina JA. Family and Entrepreneurship: New Empirical and
    Theoretical Results. University of Zaragoza: Springer; 2020.
    42. Vakili Y, Alvani S, MohammadiElyasi G. Explain the role of
    environmental factors in the development of entrepreneurship
    in the public sector. J Entrepreneurship Dev 2014;7:191‑210.
    43. Morris MH, Kuratko DF, Schindehutte M. Towards integration:
    Understanding entrepreneurship through frameworks. Int J
    Entrepreneurship Innov 2001;2:35‑49.
    44. Torabipour A, Fadai N, Nazari H, Kandi MJ, Ahmadi K. A study
    on the organizational entrepreneurship: A case study in Ahvaz
    University of medical sciences, IR Iran. Jundishapur J Health Sci
    2014;6:1‑5.
    45. Hornsby JS, Naffziger DW, Kuratko DF, Montagno RV. An
    interactive model of the corporate entrepreneurship process.
    Entrepreneurship Theory Pract 1993;17:29‑37.
    46. Lee L, Wong PK, Der Foo M, Leung A. Entrepreneurial intentions:
    The influence of organizational and individual factors. J Bus
    Venturing 2011;26:124‑36.
    47. Grazier KL, Metzler B. Health care entrepreneurship: Financing
    innovation. J Health Hum Serv Adm 2006;28:485‑503.
    48. Available form: https://www.england.nhs.uk/ourwork/
    innovation/clinical-entrepreneur/CetpINcAf. [Last accessed on
    2019 13 October].
    49. Vakili Y. Design and Implementation of a Model of
    Entrepreneurship in the Public Sector in Iran – Municipality
    Case. Tehran: University of Tehran; 2012.
Journal of Education and Health Promotion
Volume 11, Issue 11
December 2021
Pages 1-11

Home

Guide for Authors

Submit Manuscript

Reviewers

Contact Us