Journal of Education and Health Promotion

The effect of peer group on self‑care behaviors and glycemic index in elders with type II diabetes

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

. Zahra Khiyali
. Afsaneh Ghasemi
. Razie Toghroli 1
. Arash Ziapour 2
. Nahid Shahabi 3
. Azizollah Dehghan 4
. Asiyeh Yari 5

1 Social Determinants in Health Promotion Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran

2 Health Education and Health Promotion, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran

3 Student Research Committee, Faculty of Health,Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran

4 Cohort Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran

5 Ph.D Candidate of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Diabetes is one of the most expensive and chronic diseases of elderly age.
Knowledge and self‑care behaviors play an important role in treating diabetes and preventing its side
effects. This study aimed to investigate the effect of peer group on self‑care behaviors and glycemic
index in the elderly with type II diabetes mellitus in Fasa city, Fars province.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This quasi‑experimental study was conducted on 100 elderly
patients with type II diabetes (50 patients in the intervention group and 50 in control group) referred
to the diabetes center. Among the elderly, the intervention group was selected as a trainer based on
the checklist of the peer group and was trained by the researcher. In addition to the usual care of the
diabetes clinic, the patients in the intervention group received training from their peers for 8 weeks
during 8–45 min of training sessions. Data were collected using a valid self‑reported questionnaire
including demographic variables, awareness, and diabetes self‑care behaviors (Summary of Diabetes
Self‑care Activities), as well as free practice (fasting blood sugar [FBS] and hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c]),
which was completed by both groups before and 2 months after the intervention. Then, the data
were entered into the SPSS statistical software, version 22 and were analyzed using Chi‑square test,
independent t‑test, and descriptive statistical methods. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
RESULTS: The results showed that the two groups of intervention and test were identical in terms
of demographic information. In the intervention group, before and after 2 months of educational
intervention, there was a significant difference in increasing awareness and self‑care behavior in
diet, physical activity, blood sugar testing, foot care, and medication (P < 0.001). However, this
difference was not significant in the control group (P < 0.05). In the intervention group, the mean
FBS and quarterly (HbA1c) index decreased significantly (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: This study showed that teaching self‑care program, in the same way, has been
effective in improving self‑care behavior and blood sugar index in the elderly with diabetes and
suggested that this educational method be used in other chronic diseases.

Keywords

Aged
diabetes
glycemic index
peer group
self‑care
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Journal of Education and Health Promotion
Volume 11, Issue 4
May 2021
Pages 1-9

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