Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1 Department of Endodontics, Student Research Committee, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
2 Department of Educational Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Islamic Azad University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Test anxiety is a major educational problem among students all around the world.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between academic procrastination and
test anxiety among the dental students of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study was a descriptive–analytical study. The study
sample consisted of 152 dental students; Solomon and Rothblum’s procrastination scale and
Friedman’s test anxiety questionnaire were used to collect data. To analyze the data, descriptive
and analytical statistics (analysis of variance, independent t‑test, and Pearson’s correlation) were
used at a significance level of P < 0.05.
RESULTS: The results of the present study showed that there is a significant relationship
between procrastination and test anxiety and its components. The relationship between academic
procrastination and gender was not significant, but a significant relationship was found between test
anxiety and its dimensions with gender in terms of cognitive error and total test anxiety. No significant
relationship was found between academic procrastination and test anxiety and their components
with marital status, age, and grade point average.
CONCLUSION: According to the findings of the present study, people with academic procrastination
have more test anxiety and fear of humiliation, irrational and negative thoughts, and more stress.
Keywords
and academic achievement. Univ J Educ Res 2017;5:61-71.
2. Ashrafi-Rizi H, Sajad MS, Rahmani S, BahramiS, Papi A.
The effective factors on library anxiety of students in Isfahan
University of Medical Sciences and Shiraz University of Medical
Sciences. J Educ Health Promot 2014;3:92.
3. Segool NK, Carlson JS, Goforth AN, von Der Embsem N,
Barterianm JA. Heightened test anxiety among young children:
Elementary school students’ anxious responses to high-stakes
testing. Psychol Sch 2013;50:489-99.
4. Tsegay L, Shumet S, Damene W, Gebreegziabhier G, Ayano G.
Prevalence and determinants of test anxiety among medical
students in Addis Ababa Ethiopia. BMC Med Educ 2019;19:423.
5. Srivastava R, Jyoti B, Pradhan D, Kumar M, Priyadarshi P.
Evaluating the stress and its association with stressors among
the dental undergraduate students of Kanpur city, India: A crosssectional study. J Educ Health Promot 2020;9:56.
6. Thomas C, Cassady J, Finch W. Identifying severity standards
on the cognitive test anxiety scale: Cut score determination
using latent class and cluster analysis. J. Psychoeduc Assess
2018;36:492-508.
7. Steinmayr R, Crede J, McElvany N, Wirthwein L. Subjective
well-being, test anxiety, academic achievement: Testing for
reciprocal effects. Front Psychol 2015;6:1994.
8. Vahedi S. Canonical correlation analysis of procrastination,
learning strategies and statistics anxiety among Iranian female
college students. Procedia Soc Behav Sci 2011;30:1620-4.
9. Rahardjo W, Juneman J, Setiani, Y. Computer anxiety, academic
stress, and academic procrastination on college students. J Educ
Learning (EduLearn) 2013;7:147-52.
10. Ko CA, ChangY. Investigating the relationships among resilience,
social anxiety, and procrastination in a sample of college students.
Psychol Rep 2019;122:231-45.
11. Bekleyen N. Understanding the academic procrastination attitude
of language learners in Turkish universities. Educ Res Rev
2017;12:108-15.
12. Sepehrian A. Self-Efficacy, Achievement Motivation and
Academic Procrastination as Predictors of Academic Achievement
in Pre-College Students. Proceeding of the Global Summit on
Education; 2013. p. 173-8.
13. Skowronski M, Mirowska A. A manager’s guide to workplace
procrastination. SAM Advanced Manag J 2013;78:4-9.
14. Rozental A, Carlbring P. Understanding and treating
procrastination: A review of a common self-regulatory failure.
Psychology 2014;5:1488-502.
15. Stead R, Shanahan MJ, Neufeld RW. ‘‘I’ll go to therapy,
eventually’’: Procrastination, stress and mental health. Pers
Individ Differ 2010;49:175-80.
16. Patzelt J, Opitz I. German version of the academic procrastination
state inventory (APSI-d). In: Patzelt J, Opitz I, editors. In:
Compilation of Social Science Items and Scales. Germany:
GESIS – Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences; 2014.
17. Yerdelen S, McCaffrey A, Klassen R. Longitudinal examination
of procrastination and anxiety, and their relation to self-efficacy
for self-regulated learning: Latent growth curve modeling. J Educ
Sci 2016;16:5-22.
18. Cassady JC, Johnson RE. Cognitive test anxiety and academic
performance. Contemp Educ Psychol 2002;27:270-95.
19. Uzun Özer B. A Path Analytic Model of Procrastination: Testing
Cognitive, Affective, and Behavioral Components. Middle East
Technical University; 2010. [Doctoral Thesis].
20. Friedman I, Bendas- Jacob O. Measuring perceived test anxiety in
adolescents: A Self-report scale. Educational and Psychological
Measurement 1997;57:1035- 46.
21. Solomon LJ, Rothblum ED. Academic procrastination: Frequency
and cognitive behavioural correlates. J Couns. Psychol
1984;31:503-9.
22. Jowkar B, Delavarpoor M. The relationship between education
procrastination and achievement goals. Quarterly New Thoughts
on Educ 2007;3:61-80.
23. Kazemi Rezaei A, Saeedpoor S, Nouri R, Ahmadi F, Parouei M.
The mediating role of test anxiety in relationship between
procrastination with high risk behaviors in students. Quarterly J
Child Ment Health 2017;4:125-35.
24. Hoseinzadeh Y, Basaknejad S, Davoodi A. Prediction of test
anxiety components with respect to behavioral procrastination,
decisional procrastination and cognitive avoidance students. Iran
J Psychiatry Clin Psychol 2018;23:427-36.
25. Talbot L. Test anxiety: Prevalence, effects, and interventions for
elementary school students. James Madison Undergraduate Res
J 2016;3:41-51.
26. Labhane C, Nikam H, Baviskar MP. A study of locus of control
and achievement motivation among students of Jalgaon Dist. Int
J Indian Psychol 2015;3:104-11.
27. Dortaj F, Moosavy S H, Rezaei P. Exam anxiety and its relationship
with demographic factors among new students in Hormozgan
University of Medical Sciences. Hormozgan Med J 2013;17:265-74.
28. Yaghoubi A, Mohagheghi H, Amiri L, Esfandiari K. On the
relationship of attitudes towards substance abuse with irrational
beliefs and academic procrastination. J Res Addict 2016;9:9-18.
29. Steel P, Ferrari J. Sex, education and procrastination: An
epidemiological study of procrastinators’ characteristics from a
global sample. Eur J Pers 2013;27:51-8.
30. Custer N. Test anxiety and academic procrastination among
pre-licensure nursing students. Nurs Educ Perspect 2018;39:162-3.
31. Farsian M, Rezaei N, Panahandeh S. Correlation between
achievement motivation, emotional intelligence and the foreign
language classroom anxiety in French students of Ferdowsi
University of Mashhad. Language Related Res 2015;6:183-200.
32. Bolbolian M, Mirkeshavarz M, Sefidi F, Mir A. The prevalence
of burnout syndrome among general dentists in Qazvin, Iran in
2017. J Craniomaxillofac Res 2018;5:148-56.
)