Document Type : Original Article
Authors
Abstract
Introduction: Health and healthy human being as a core concept of nursing have attracted
considerable attention in the Western literature but have received less attention in the context
of Eastern philosophy contexts. Methods: This study was done based on philosophical inquiry;
this method could be accomplished by means of different approaches like philosophical analysis
through concept analysis. There are different methods for concept analysis. Mors’s method
was employed to analyze the concept of health and healthy human being, we sought to clarify
them according to ideas deriving from the Islamic thought. To achieve the research objective,
Islamic texts were studied and analyzed based on the criteria of concept analysis (definition,
attributes/characteristics, and beaneries). Results: Our analysis revealed in the Islamic
thought human being is an integrated entity. Therefore, his health not only consists of each
single dimension, but also the full health together with the health of society gets meaning in
a balanced and coordinated set. Conclusion: Based on the results, in this study, there are
a series of similarities and differences with the perspectives of health in Islamic thought and
holism paradigm available in nursing.
Keywords
1. Meleis AI. Theoretical Nursing: Development and Progress.
Philadephia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2011.
2. Morse J, Hupcey JE, Mitcham C, Lenz ER. Concept analysis in
nursing research: A critical appraisal. Res Theory Nurs Pract
1996;10:253‑77.
3. Fawcett J. Contemporary Nursing Knowledge: Analysis and
Evaluation of Nursing Models and Theories. Chicago: FA Davis.
2006.
4. Hammoud MM, White CB, Fetters MD. Opening cultural doors:
Providing culturally sensitive healthcare to Arab American and
American Muslim patients. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2005;193:1307‑11.
5. Herdman EA. The illusion of progress in nursing. Nurs Philos
2001;2:4‑13.
6. Kikuchi JF. Cultural theories of nursing responsive to human needs
and values. J Nurs Scholarsh 2005;37:302‑7.
7. Narayanasamy A, Andrews A. Cultural impact of Islam on the future
directions of nurse education. Nurse Educ Today 2000;20:57‑64.
8. Rassool GH. The crescent and Islam: Healing, nursing and the
spiritual dimension. Some considerations towards an understanding
of the Islamic perspectives on caring. J Adv Nurs 2000;32:1476‑84
9. Mohammadi N. A Hermeneutic Phenomenological Inquiry into
the Lived Experience of Muslim Patients in Australian Hospitals.
Thesis (Ph.D).University of Adelaide, School of Population Health
and Clinical Practice, 2008.
10. Thoren S, Canam C, Dahinten S, Hall W, Henderson A, Kirkham SR.
Nursing’s metaparadigm concepts: Disimpacting the debates. J Adv
Nurs 2002;27:1257‑68.
11. McEwen M, Wills E. Theoretical Basis for Nursing. Philadephia:
Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2007.
12. Burns N, Grove SK. The Practice of Nursing Research: Appraisal,
Synthesis, and Generation of Evidence. St. Louis, MO: Saunders
Elsevier; 2009.
13. Penrod J. Refinement of the concept of uncertainty. J Adv Nurs
2001;34:238‑45.
14. Morse JM. Exploring pragmatic utility: Concept analysis by critically
appraising the literature. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders; 2000.
15. Hupcey JE, Penrod J. Concept analysis: Examining the state of the
science. Res Theory Nurs Pract 2005;19:197‑208.
16. Morse J, Hupcey J, Cerdas M. Criteria for concept evaluation. J Adv
Nurs 2008;24:385‑90.
17. Steis MR, Penrod J, Adkins CS, Hupcey JE. Principle‑based concept
analysis: Recognition in the context of nurse – Patient interactions.
J Adv Nurs 2009;65:1965‑75.
18. Morse J, Hupcey JE, Cerdas M. Criteria for concept evaluation.
J Adv Nurs 1996;24:385‑90.
19. Morse JM, Hupcey JE, Penrod J, Mitcham C. Integrating concepts
for the development of qualitatively‑derived theory. Res Theory
Nurs Pract 2002;16:5‑18.
20. Morse JM. Exploring the theoretical basis of nursing using advanced
techniques of concept analysis. Adv Nurs Sci 1995;17:31‑45.
21. Akbarian R. Relationship between religious and philosophy in the
Islamic world. Tehran, Iran: Publishing Organization of Institute for
Islamic Culture and Thought; 2008.
22. Ali A. Methods of Tabatabaei in Almizan Interpretation. Jalili M,
Translation. Theran, Iran: Publishing Organization of Institute for
Islamic Culture and Thought 2002.
23. Motahari MO. Revival of Islamic thought. Qom: Islamic Press; 2003.
24. Ragheb E. Mojam alphazol Qran. Translation: Marashi. Tehran:
Darolketab‑alarbi; 1995.
25. Motahari M. Collection of valuble works. Vol. 22. Tehran, Iran: Sadra;
2010.
26. Grace PJ. Philosophies, models, and theories: Moral obligation. St.
Louis: Elsevier/Mosby: 2002.
27. Flaming D. Nursing theories as nursing ontologies. Nurs Philos
2004;5:224‑9.
28. Tabatabaei M. Al Mizan Interpretation (Tafsir) of Quran. Vol. 7.
Qom, Iran: Ahlobait School of Thoughts Research and Publication
Institute; 2000.
29. Motahari M. Collection of valuble works. Vol. 27. Tehran, Iran: Sadra;
2010.
30. Motahari M. Collection of valuble works. Vol. 15. Tehran, Iran: Sadra;
2010.
31. Tabatabaei M. Al Mizan Interpretation (Tafsir) of Quran. Vol. 12.
Qom, Iran: Ahlobait School of Thoughts Research and Publication
Institute; 2000.
32. Tabatabaei M. Al Mizan Interpretation (Tafsir) of Quran. Vol. 3.
Qom, Iran: Ahlobait School of Thoughts Research and Publication
Institute; 2000.
33. Javadi A. The interpretation of man through man. Qom, Iran: Esra;
1999.
34. Tabatabaei M. Al Mizan Interpretation (Tafsir) of Quran. Vol. 8.
Qom, Iran: Ahlobait School of Thoughts Research and Publication
Institute; 2000.
35. Motahari M. Collection of valuble works. Vol. 1. Tehran, Iran: Sadra;
2010.
36. Motahari M. Collection of valuble works. Vol. 22. Tehran, Iran: Sadra;
2010.
37. Shirazi NM. Commentary of the Holy Quran. Qom, Iran:
Amiralmomenin School; 2002.
38. Tabatabaei M. Al Mizan Interpretation (Tafsir) of Quran. Vol. 5.
Qom, Iran: Ahlobait School of Thoughts Research and Publication
Institute; 2000.
39. Tabatabaei M. Al Mizan Interpretation (Tafsir) of Quran. Vol. 17.
Qom, Iran: Ahlobait School of Thoughts Research and Publication
Institute; 2000.
40. Motahari M. Collection of valuble works. Vol. 21. Tehran, Iran: Sadra;
2010.
41. Motahari M. Collection of valuble works. Vol. 26. Tehran, Iran: Sadra;
2010.42. Shojai MS. Theories of human healthy attitude to Islamic sources.
Qom, Iran: Imam Khomeini Education and Research Institute; 2000.
43. Tabatabaei M. Al Mizan Interpretation (Tafsir) of Quran. Vol. 4. Qom,
Iran: Ahlobait School of Thought Research and Publication Institute;
2000.
44. Tabatabaei M. Al Mizan Interpretation (Tafsir) of Quran. Vol. 19.
Qom, Iran: Ahlobait School of Thought Research and Publication
Institute; 2000.
45. Tabatabaei M. Al Mizan Interpretation (Tafsir) of Quran. Vol. 18.
Qom, Iran: Ahlobait School of Thought Research and Publication
Institute; 2000.
46. Tabatabaei M. Social Relations in Islam and Some other Tralises.
Qom, Iran: Bostan Institute; 2008.
47. Majlisi MB. Bharalanvar (Davani A, Trans.). Vol. 67. Qom, Iran:
Hekmat; 1960a.
48. Majlisi MB. Bharalanvar (Davani A, Trans.). Vol. 74. Qom, Iran:
Hekmat; 1960b.
49. Tabatabaei M. Al Mizan Interpretation (Tafsir) of Quran. Vol. 1.
Qom, Iran: Ahlobait School of Thoughts Research and Publication
Institute; 2000k.
50. Edwards SD. Philosophy of Nursing: An Introduction. New York:
Palgrave Macmillan. 2001.
51. Curtis AJ. Health Psychology. Chicago: Psychology Press. 2000.
52. Erickson HL. Philosophy and theory of holism. Nurs Clin North Am
2007;42:139‑63, v.
53. Lai HL, Hsieh ML. Alternative nursing interventions for facilitating
holistic nursing based on eastern philosophy. Tzu Chi Nurs J.
2003;2:13–9.
54. Sadler JZ, Hulgus YF. Knowing, valuing, acting: Clues to revising
the biopsychosocial model. Compr Psychiatry 1990;31:185‑95.
55. Borrell‑Carrio F, Suchman AL, Epstein RM. The biopsychosocial
model 25 years later: Principles, practice, and scientific inquiry.
Ann Fam Med 2004;2:576.
56. Bahrani H. Thfloghol (Kamarehi, Trans.). Iran, Theran: Islamia; 1990.
Philadephia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2011.
2. Morse J, Hupcey JE, Mitcham C, Lenz ER. Concept analysis in
nursing research: A critical appraisal. Res Theory Nurs Pract
1996;10:253‑77.
3. Fawcett J. Contemporary Nursing Knowledge: Analysis and
Evaluation of Nursing Models and Theories. Chicago: FA Davis.
2006.
4. Hammoud MM, White CB, Fetters MD. Opening cultural doors:
Providing culturally sensitive healthcare to Arab American and
American Muslim patients. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2005;193:1307‑11.
5. Herdman EA. The illusion of progress in nursing. Nurs Philos
2001;2:4‑13.
6. Kikuchi JF. Cultural theories of nursing responsive to human needs
and values. J Nurs Scholarsh 2005;37:302‑7.
7. Narayanasamy A, Andrews A. Cultural impact of Islam on the future
directions of nurse education. Nurse Educ Today 2000;20:57‑64.
8. Rassool GH. The crescent and Islam: Healing, nursing and the
spiritual dimension. Some considerations towards an understanding
of the Islamic perspectives on caring. J Adv Nurs 2000;32:1476‑84
9. Mohammadi N. A Hermeneutic Phenomenological Inquiry into
the Lived Experience of Muslim Patients in Australian Hospitals.
Thesis (Ph.D).University of Adelaide, School of Population Health
and Clinical Practice, 2008.
10. Thoren S, Canam C, Dahinten S, Hall W, Henderson A, Kirkham SR.
Nursing’s metaparadigm concepts: Disimpacting the debates. J Adv
Nurs 2002;27:1257‑68.
11. McEwen M, Wills E. Theoretical Basis for Nursing. Philadephia:
Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2007.
12. Burns N, Grove SK. The Practice of Nursing Research: Appraisal,
Synthesis, and Generation of Evidence. St. Louis, MO: Saunders
Elsevier; 2009.
13. Penrod J. Refinement of the concept of uncertainty. J Adv Nurs
2001;34:238‑45.
14. Morse JM. Exploring pragmatic utility: Concept analysis by critically
appraising the literature. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders; 2000.
15. Hupcey JE, Penrod J. Concept analysis: Examining the state of the
science. Res Theory Nurs Pract 2005;19:197‑208.
16. Morse J, Hupcey J, Cerdas M. Criteria for concept evaluation. J Adv
Nurs 2008;24:385‑90.
17. Steis MR, Penrod J, Adkins CS, Hupcey JE. Principle‑based concept
analysis: Recognition in the context of nurse – Patient interactions.
J Adv Nurs 2009;65:1965‑75.
18. Morse J, Hupcey JE, Cerdas M. Criteria for concept evaluation.
J Adv Nurs 1996;24:385‑90.
19. Morse JM, Hupcey JE, Penrod J, Mitcham C. Integrating concepts
for the development of qualitatively‑derived theory. Res Theory
Nurs Pract 2002;16:5‑18.
20. Morse JM. Exploring the theoretical basis of nursing using advanced
techniques of concept analysis. Adv Nurs Sci 1995;17:31‑45.
21. Akbarian R. Relationship between religious and philosophy in the
Islamic world. Tehran, Iran: Publishing Organization of Institute for
Islamic Culture and Thought; 2008.
22. Ali A. Methods of Tabatabaei in Almizan Interpretation. Jalili M,
Translation. Theran, Iran: Publishing Organization of Institute for
Islamic Culture and Thought 2002.
23. Motahari MO. Revival of Islamic thought. Qom: Islamic Press; 2003.
24. Ragheb E. Mojam alphazol Qran. Translation: Marashi. Tehran:
Darolketab‑alarbi; 1995.
25. Motahari M. Collection of valuble works. Vol. 22. Tehran, Iran: Sadra;
2010.
26. Grace PJ. Philosophies, models, and theories: Moral obligation. St.
Louis: Elsevier/Mosby: 2002.
27. Flaming D. Nursing theories as nursing ontologies. Nurs Philos
2004;5:224‑9.
28. Tabatabaei M. Al Mizan Interpretation (Tafsir) of Quran. Vol. 7.
Qom, Iran: Ahlobait School of Thoughts Research and Publication
Institute; 2000.
29. Motahari M. Collection of valuble works. Vol. 27. Tehran, Iran: Sadra;
2010.
30. Motahari M. Collection of valuble works. Vol. 15. Tehran, Iran: Sadra;
2010.
31. Tabatabaei M. Al Mizan Interpretation (Tafsir) of Quran. Vol. 12.
Qom, Iran: Ahlobait School of Thoughts Research and Publication
Institute; 2000.
32. Tabatabaei M. Al Mizan Interpretation (Tafsir) of Quran. Vol. 3.
Qom, Iran: Ahlobait School of Thoughts Research and Publication
Institute; 2000.
33. Javadi A. The interpretation of man through man. Qom, Iran: Esra;
1999.
34. Tabatabaei M. Al Mizan Interpretation (Tafsir) of Quran. Vol. 8.
Qom, Iran: Ahlobait School of Thoughts Research and Publication
Institute; 2000.
35. Motahari M. Collection of valuble works. Vol. 1. Tehran, Iran: Sadra;
2010.
36. Motahari M. Collection of valuble works. Vol. 22. Tehran, Iran: Sadra;
2010.
37. Shirazi NM. Commentary of the Holy Quran. Qom, Iran:
Amiralmomenin School; 2002.
38. Tabatabaei M. Al Mizan Interpretation (Tafsir) of Quran. Vol. 5.
Qom, Iran: Ahlobait School of Thoughts Research and Publication
Institute; 2000.
39. Tabatabaei M. Al Mizan Interpretation (Tafsir) of Quran. Vol. 17.
Qom, Iran: Ahlobait School of Thoughts Research and Publication
Institute; 2000.
40. Motahari M. Collection of valuble works. Vol. 21. Tehran, Iran: Sadra;
2010.
41. Motahari M. Collection of valuble works. Vol. 26. Tehran, Iran: Sadra;
2010.42. Shojai MS. Theories of human healthy attitude to Islamic sources.
Qom, Iran: Imam Khomeini Education and Research Institute; 2000.
43. Tabatabaei M. Al Mizan Interpretation (Tafsir) of Quran. Vol. 4. Qom,
Iran: Ahlobait School of Thought Research and Publication Institute;
2000.
44. Tabatabaei M. Al Mizan Interpretation (Tafsir) of Quran. Vol. 19.
Qom, Iran: Ahlobait School of Thought Research and Publication
Institute; 2000.
45. Tabatabaei M. Al Mizan Interpretation (Tafsir) of Quran. Vol. 18.
Qom, Iran: Ahlobait School of Thought Research and Publication
Institute; 2000.
46. Tabatabaei M. Social Relations in Islam and Some other Tralises.
Qom, Iran: Bostan Institute; 2008.
47. Majlisi MB. Bharalanvar (Davani A, Trans.). Vol. 67. Qom, Iran:
Hekmat; 1960a.
48. Majlisi MB. Bharalanvar (Davani A, Trans.). Vol. 74. Qom, Iran:
Hekmat; 1960b.
49. Tabatabaei M. Al Mizan Interpretation (Tafsir) of Quran. Vol. 1.
Qom, Iran: Ahlobait School of Thoughts Research and Publication
Institute; 2000k.
50. Edwards SD. Philosophy of Nursing: An Introduction. New York:
Palgrave Macmillan. 2001.
51. Curtis AJ. Health Psychology. Chicago: Psychology Press. 2000.
52. Erickson HL. Philosophy and theory of holism. Nurs Clin North Am
2007;42:139‑63, v.
53. Lai HL, Hsieh ML. Alternative nursing interventions for facilitating
holistic nursing based on eastern philosophy. Tzu Chi Nurs J.
2003;2:13–9.
54. Sadler JZ, Hulgus YF. Knowing, valuing, acting: Clues to revising
the biopsychosocial model. Compr Psychiatry 1990;31:185‑95.
55. Borrell‑Carrio F, Suchman AL, Epstein RM. The biopsychosocial
model 25 years later: Principles, practice, and scientific inquiry.
Ann Fam Med 2004;2:576.
56. Bahrani H. Thfloghol (Kamarehi, Trans.). Iran, Theran: Islamia; 1990.
)