Authors

1 Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Islamic Azad University Isfahan Branch (Khorasgan)

2 Department of Adult Health Nursing, Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

Abstract

Background: Although respecting human dignity is a cornerstone of all nursing practices,
industrialization has gradually decreased the attention paid to this subject in nursing care.
Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate nurses’ commitment to respecting patient
dignity in hospitals of Isfahan, Iran. Methods: This descriptive‑analytical study was conducted in
hospitals of Isfahan. Overall, 401 inpatients were selected by cluster sampling and then selected
simple random sampling from different wards. Data were collected through a questionnaire
containing the components of patient dignity, that is, patient‑nurse relationships, privacy, and
independence. All items were scored based on a five‑point Likert scale. The collected data
were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi‑square tests. P < 0.05 were considered
significant in all analyses. Findings: Most patients (91%) scored their relationships with nurses
as good. Moreover, 91.8% of the participants described privacy protection as moderate/good.
Only 6.5% of the subjects rated it as excellent. The majority of the patients (84.4%) believed their
independence was maintained. These subjects also approved of taking part in decision‑making.
Conclusion: According to our findings, nurses respected patient dignity to an acceptable level.
However, the conditions were less favorable in public hospitals and emergency departments.
Nursing authorities and policy makers are thus required to introduce appropriate measures
to improve the existing conditions.

Keywords

1. Tadd W, Hillman A, Calnan S, Calnan M, Bayer A, Read S. Right
place‑wrong person: Dignity in the acute care of older people. Qual
Ageing Older Adults 2011;12:33‑3.
2. Lin YP, Tsai YF. Maintaining patients’ dignity during clinical care:
A qualitative interview study. J Adv Nurs 2011;67:340‑8.
3. Henderson A, Van Eps MA, Pearson K, James C, Henderson P,
Osborne Y. Maintainance of patients’ dignity during hospitalization:
Comparison of staff‑patient observations and patient feedback
through interviews. Int J Nurs Pract 2009;15:227‑30.
4. Clark J. Defining the concept of dignity and developing a model to
promote its use in practice. Nurs Times 2010 25‑31;106:16‑9.
5. Baillie L, Gallagher A. Evaluation of the royal college of nursing’s
‘dignity: At the heart of everything we do’ campaign: Exploring
challenges and enablers. J Res Nurs 2009;15:15‑28.
6. Dehkhoda A. Loqatnāme‑ye Dehxodā (Dekhoda Dictionary) [Book
on CD‑ROM]. Tehran: Tehran University; 2010.
7. Sadeghi T, Dehghannayeri N. Dignity of patient: A literature review.
Iran J Med Ethics Hist Med 2009;3:9‑19.
8. Afzali MA. Human dignity and euthanasia in Islamic ethics. J
Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 2010;20:83‑95.
9. Jo KH, Doorenbos AZ. Understanding the meaning of human dignity
in Korea: A content analysis. Int J Palliat Nurs 2009;15:178‑85.
10. Baillie L. Patient dignity in an acute hospital setting: A case study.
Int J Nurs Stud 2009;46:23‑36.
11. Pleschberger S. Dignity and the challenge of dying in nursing
homes: The residents’ view. Age Ageing 2007;36:197‑202.
12. Whitehead J, Wheeler H. Patients’ experiences of privacy and
dignity. Part 1: A literature review. Br J Nurs 2008;17:381‑5.
13. Jackson A, Irwin W. Dignity, humanity and equality: Principle of
Nursing Practice A. Nurs Stand 2011;25:35‑7.
14. Matiti MR, Baillie L. Dignity in Healthcare: A Practical Approach for
Nurses and Midwives. London: Radcliffe Publishing; 2011. p. 267.
15. Jacobson N. A taxonomy of dignity: A grounded theory study. BMC
Int Health Hum Rights 2009;9:3.
16. Matiti MR, Trorey GM. Patients’ expectations of the maintenance
of their dignity. J Clin Nurs 2008;17:2709‑17.
17. Yousefi H, Abedi HA. Spiritual care in hospitalized patients. Iran J
Nurs Midwifery Res 2011;16:125‑32.
18. Rejeh N, Heravi‑Karimooi M, Foroughan M. The needs of
hospitalized elderly patients. Iran J Ageing 2010;5:42‑52.
19. Griffin‑Heslin VL. An analysis of the concept dignity. Accid Emerg
Nurs 2005;13:251‑7.
20. Gerry EM. Privacy and dignity in a hospice environment‑the
development of a clinical audit. Int J Palliat Nurs 2011;17:92‑8.
21. Duncan E. Working with Patients and Providers of Healthcare to
Construct a Questionnaire that Will Provide a Valid and Reliable
Measure of Dignity and Privacy for Older Patients Staying in
NHS Hospitals. Master Thesis of Nursing Science. University of
Nottingham; 2008.
22. Vaskooei Eshkevari K, Karimi M, Asnaashari H, Kohan N. The
assessment of observing patients’ right in Tehran University
of medical sciences’ hospitals. Iran J Med Ethics Hist Med
2009;2:47‑54.
23. Hasanian M. Evaluation of Patient Rights by the Medical Team of
the Patients in the Hospitals of Hamadan University of Medical
Sciences. Second Congress of International Iran Medical Ethics,
Tehran; 2008.
24. Asrin A, Maude P. Patients’ satisfaction with nursing communication
(therapeutic communication) on adult medical surgical wards at
Prof. Dr. Margono Soekarjo Hospital of Purwokerto, Central Java,
Indonesia. Soedirman J Nurs 2006;1:32‑42.
25. Khan MH, Hassan R, Anwar S, Babar TS, Babar HS. Patient
satisfaction with nursing care. Rawal Med J 2007;32:27‑9.
26. Sangestani G, Fallahinia GH, Jafarian N. A survey on nurses‑patients
communication in emergencies wards. Sci J Hamadan Nurs
Midwifery Fac 2009;16:40‑5.
27. Galloway J. Dignity, values, attitudes and person‑centered
care. In: Hindle A, Coates A, editors. Nursing Care of Older
People. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press; 2013. p. 1‑14.
Available from http://www.esht.nhs.uk/EasySiteWeb/GatewayLink.
aspx?alId=496136. [Last accessed on 20 May 2016].
28. Malekshahi F. Evaluation of Respect to the Territory and Rights of
Patients Hospitalized in Tribes Shohada Abad Hospitals. Second
Congress of International Iran Medical Ethics, Tehran; 2008.
29. Heidari M, Anooshe M, Azadarmaki T, Mohammadi A. The process
of patient’s privacy: A grounded theory. J Shaeed Sdoughi Univ
Med Sci Yazd 2012;19:644‑54.
30. Whitehead J, Wheeler H. Patients’ experience of privacy and dignity.
Part 2: An empirical study. Br J Nurs 2008;17:458‑64.31. Farsinejad M, Bazmi S, Teymouri B, Resane S. Comparison of patient
satisfaction from observing patients’ rights in selected public and
private hospitals in Tehran. Med Ethics 2012;6:99‑112.
32. Erer S, Atici E, Erdemir AD. The views of cancer patients on patient
rights in the context of information and autonomy. J Med Ethics
2008;34:384‑8.
33. Baba Mahmoodi F, Meftahi M, Khademlu VM, Hesamzade A.
Provision of patients rights chart in educational hospitals of
Mazandaran form viewpoint of patients. Iran J Med Ethics Hist Med
2011;4:39‑44.
34. Parsapoor AR, Bagheri AR, Larijani B. The Iranian charter of patient
rights. Iran J Med Ethics Hist Med 2009;3:39‑47.
35. Arefi M, Talaei N. Patient satisfaction in Baharloo Hospital in 2008.
Payavard Salamat 2011;4:97‑103.
36. Gahramanian A, Rahmani A, Zamanzadeh V, Mohajjelagdam A.
Respecting patients privacy during nursing care in the viewpoint
of Patients and nurses. Iran J Nurs 2008;21:37‑45.
37. Arab M, Zarei A, Hosseini M. Awareness and observation of patients’
rights from the perspective of patients: A study in university
hospitals in Tehran. Sci J Sch Public Health Inst Public Health Res
2010;8:77‑86.
38. Khatib R, Armenian H. Developing an instrument for measuring
human dignity and its relationship to health in Palestinian refugees.
World Med Health Policy 2010;2:35‑49.
39. Javadi M, Yaghoobi M, Raiesi A, Mandegar H, Ayoobian A. A study
of non‑medical aspects of health services provided to patients in
selected hospitals of Isfahan: Responsiveness. Health Inf Manage
2011;8:709‑17.
40. Varmaghani M, Arab M, Zeraati H, Akbari Sari A. Factors affecting
patient’s decision in selecting governmental and private hospitals
in Tehran in 2008. Hospital 2011;10:45‑52.
41. Kalroozi F, Dadgari F, Zareiyan A. Patients’ satisfaction from
health care group in patient’s bill of right observance. J Mil Med
2010;12:143‑8.
42. Biranvand SH, Asti P, Anbari KH. Study of respecting patients rights
from nurses point of view employed in Khoramabad Hospitals. Nurs
Midwifery J 2012;21:53‑8.
43. Bagheri H, Yaghmaei F, Ashktorab T. Patient dignity and related
factors: A qualitative meta‑synthesis study. J Knowledge Health
2011;6:49‑56.