Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1 Doctoral Student, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia, School of Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
2 School of Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Maternal knowledge is one of the indirect causes of maternal mortality in Indonesia.
Maternal knowledge that mothers must possess includes knowledge about pregnancy, childbirth, and
postpartum. Maternal knowledge should be provided during pregnancy. The aim of this study is to
identify maternal knowledge in postpartum women who have a history of the frequency of pregnancy
visits according to the minimum standard.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A descriptive quantitative design was performed by assessing
maternal knowledge to postpartum mothers using an online questionnaire which conducted in 2020
at two public health centers of Surabaya, Indonesia. A sample of this research involved postpartum
mothers who completed inclusion criteria, namely physiological postpartum mothers and had regular
pregnancy at least 6 antenatal care (ANC) visits. In contrast, the exclusion criteria were postpartum
mothers who were not included in the target areas of research. It uses random sampling techniques
and performs an analysis using descriptive statistics.
RESULTS: Three research questions showed a large percentage of wrong answers, namely
preparation to face complications (64%), contraceptive methods in breastfeeding mothers (50%) and
the first time using contraception during childbirth (42%). Meanwhile, all the correct results (100%)
are exclusive breastfeeding and supplementary feeding for babies.
CONCLUSION: Completing minimal standards of ANC visits cannot ensure adequate maternal
knowledge, particularly crucial health information that influences maternal and neonatal health status.
Keywords
1. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Profil Kesehatan
Indonesia Tahun 2018. Jakartha: Kementerian Kesehatan RI; 2019.
2. Ri KK. Rencana Strategis Kementerian Kesehatan Tahun
2015‑2019. Dirjen Kesehatan Masyarakat Kemenkes, RI: Jakarta;
2017.
3. Cameron L, Contreras Suarez D, Cornwell K. Understanding
the determinants of maternal mortality: An observational
study using the Indonesian population census. PLoS One
2019;14:e0217386.
4. Zhali S, Kohan S, Shahraki AD, Beigi M. Maternal health
improvement through root cause analysis of severe maternal
morbidity (maternal near miss) in Isfahan, Iran. J Educ Health
Promot 2020;9:145.
5. Astuti SK, Aziz MA, Arya IF. Maternal mortality risk factors in
Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung in 2009−2013. Int
J Integr Health Sci 2017;5:52‑6.
6. Lijuwardi M, Prasetyo B, Laksana MA, Pranadyan R,
Dharmayanti HE, Habibie PH, et al. Correlation between seasons
and the prevalence of preeclampsia at tertiary hospital, Indonesia.
Indian J Forensic Med Toxicol 2020;14:3294‑9.
7. Prasetyo B, Winardi B, Pranadyan R, Erlin H, Damayanti MA,
Yusuf M, et al. Increasing of early high‑risk pregnancy detection
with proactive intervention in Bangkalan District, Madura
Indonesia. J Glob Pharma Technol 2020;12:28-31.
8. Golmakani N, Gholami M, Shaghaghi F, Safinejad H, Kamali Z,
Mohebbi‑Dehnavi Z. Relationship between fear of childbirth and
the sense of cohesion with the attachment of pregnant mothers
to the fetus. J Educ Health Promot 2020;9:261.
9. Mahmood MA, Hendarto H, Laksana MA, Damayanti HE,
Suhargono MH, Pranadyan R, et al. Health system and quality
of care factors contributing to maternal deaths in East Java,
Indonesia. PLoS One 2021;16:e0247911.
10. Mwilike B, Nalwadda G, Kagawa M, Malima K, Mselle L,
Horiuchi S. Knowledge of danger signs during pregnancy and
subsequent healthcare seeking actions among women in urban
Tanzania: A cross‑sectional study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth
2018;18:4.
11. Trends in maternal mortality 2000 to 2017: estimates by WHO,
UNICEF, UNFPA, World Bank Group and the United Nations
Population Division ISBN 978-92-4-151648-8.
12. Hafizi L, Razmjoo N, Yousefi F, Azizi H. The effect of
complementary medicine on maternal health promotion: An
experimental study. J Educ Health Promot 2021;10:26.
13. Gebrehiwot H, Bahta S, Haile N. Awareness of danger signs of
pregnancy and its associated factors among pregnant women who
visit ANC in Mekelle public hospitals. Open J Adv Drug Deliv
2014;2:164‑73.
14. Hoseini ES, RahmatiR, Shaghaghi F, BeigiM, Mohebbi‑DehnaviZ.
The relationship between hope and happiness with prenatal care.
J Educ Health Promot 2020;9:206.
15. Wulandari RD, Laksono AD. Determinants of knowledge of
pregnancy danger signs in Indonesia. PLoS One 2020;15:e0232550.
16. Mawarni A, Dharmawan Y, Agushybana F. Case study of record
of program of birth planning and complication prevention (P4K)
by village midwife, Kemawi Village, Semarang regency. In: E3S
Web of Conferences. Semarang: EDP Sciences; 2020. p. 15009.
17. Moshi FV, Ernest A, Fabian F, Kibusi SM. Knowledge on birth
preparedness and complication readiness among expecting
couples in rural Tanzania: Differences by sex cross‑sectional
study. PLoS One 2018;13:e0209070.
18. Golmakani N, Rahmati R, Shaghaghi F, Safinejad H, Kamali Z,
Mohebbi‑Dehnavi Z. Investigating the relationship between
social support and self‑compassion by improving the adequacy
of prenatal care. J Educ Health Promot 2020;9:340.
19. Chakona G, Shackleton C. Food taboos and cultural beliefs
influence food choice and dietary preferences among pregnant
women in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Nutrients 2019;11:2668.
20. Lim ZX, Wong JL, Lim PY, Soon LK. Knowledge of nutrition
during pregnancy and associated factors among antenatal
mothers. Int J Public Health Clin Sci 2018;5:117‑28.
21. Kim S, Gray HL, Li J, Park H, Lee Y, Song K. A comparative study
on nutritional knowledge and dietary behavior between Korean
and Chinese postpartum women. Nutr Res Pract 2019;13:535‑42.
22. Kemenkes RI. Laporan Nasional Riskesdas 2018. Jakarta
Kemenkes RI; 2018. p. 154‑66.
23. Sharma IK, Byrne A. Early initiation of breastfeeding: A systematic
literature review of factors and barriers in South Asia. Int
Breastfeed J 2016;11:17.
)