Document Type : Original Article
Authors
Nitte Usha Institute of Nursing Sciences, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The human coronavirus was first identified in 1965, belongs to the same family
of Viruses as SARS, MERS‑Co. The current virus that affected worldwide came into existence
in late 2019, recently found in Wuhan, China, and caused a global pandemic called coronavirus
disease‑2019 (COVID‑19). This disease became a quick global pandemic due to the rapid
transmission of the virus from one human to another. In the history of humankind, people were inside
the four walls for more than a month. The COVID‑19 pandemic has posed significant problems in a
variety of fields. The current pandemic created many changes that are seen as challenges worldwide.
However, it created opportunities and benefits for many, extend a helping hand towards the people
in need, in the society, community, and the nation. This paper focuses on challenges, opportunities,
and benefits during the (COVID‑19) pandemic in India.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Online search engines like PubMed and Google Scholar were used to
conduct the research. The review article’s dates were not restricted in any way. A total of 48 articles
were chosen. The data was tabulated based on the kind of study and the outcomes. There are just
a few papers available that demonstrate the necessity for more study.
RESULTS: COVID‑19 caused unforeseen changes in the health care industry, unequal distribution of
health care, and consequences on mental health, according to the review studies. Teleconsultation,
Internet use, and E‑learning have all become more accessible. A period of transitory economic
collapse and an increase in the number of migrants left many despondent. Improvement in family
bonding, use of a face mask, and hygiene measures to adapt to the current scenario. There was also
an impact on water sources, waste management systems, and environmental resource conservation.
CONCLUSION: Difficult conditions can provide both problems and opportunities and advantages to
the people during a pandemic outbreak.
Keywords
- To KK, Tsang OT, Leung WS, Tam AR, Wu TC, Lung DC, et al.
Temporal profiles of viral load in posterior oropharyngeal saliva
samples and serum antibody responses during infection by
SARS‑CoV‑2: An observational cohort study. Lancet Infect Dis
2020;20:565‑74.
2. Mohan BS, Nambiar V. COVID‑19: An insight into SARS‑CoV‑2
pandemic originated at Wuhan City in Hubei Province of China.
J Infect Dis Epidemiol 2020;6:146.
3. Singhal T. A review of coronavirus disease‑2019 (COVID‑19).
Indian J Pediatr 2020;87:281‑6.
4. Rahaman A, Kumari A, Zeng XA, Khalifa I, Farooq MA, Singh N,
et al. The increasing hunger concern and current need in the
development of sustainable food security in the developing
countries. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021;113:423‑29.
5. Tabish SA. COVID‑19 pandemic: Emerging perspectives and
future trends. J Public Health Res 2020;9:1786.
6. Ghosh J, Ganguly S, Mondal D, Pandey P, Dabkara D, Biswas B.
Perspective of oncology patients during COVID‑19 pandemic:
A prospective observational study from India. JCO Glob Oncol
2020;6:844‑51.
7. Gopalan HS, Misra A. COVID‑19 pandemic and challenges for
socio‑economic issues, healthcare and National Health Programs
in India. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2020;14:757‑9.
8. Ghosh A, Arora B, Gupta R, Anoop S, Misra A. Effects of
nationwide lockdown during COVID‑19 epidemic on lifestyle
and other medical issues of patients with type 2 diabetes in north
India. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2020;14:917‑20.
9. Bansal N, Raturi M. COVID‑19 vaccination in the Indian blood
donors: Adjudging the impact on the deferral period. Transfus
Clin Biol 2021;28:310‑2.
10. Chopra S, Ranjan P, Singh V, Kumar S, Arora M, Hasan MS,
et al. Impact of COVID‑19 on lifestyle‑related behaviours – A
cross‑sectional audit of responses from nine hundred and
ninety‑five participants from India. Diabetes Metab Syndr
2020;14:2021‑30.
11. Gupta S, Jawanda MK. The impacts of COVID‑19 on children.
Acta Paediatr 2020;109:2181‑3.
12. Tirupakuzhi Vijayaraghavan BK, Nainan Myatra S, Mathew M,
Lodh N, Vasishtha Divatia J, Hammond N, et al. Challenges in the
delivery of critical care in India during the COVID‑19 pandemic.
J Intensive Care Soc 2020;22:342‑48. - 13. Pramesh CS, Badwe RA. Cancer management in India during
Covid‑19. N Engl J Med 2020;382:e61.
14. D’Cruz M, Banerjee D. Caring for persons living with dementia
during the COVID‑19 pandemic: Advocacy perspectives from
India. Front Psychiatry 2020;11:603231.
15. Berg‑Weger M, Morley JE. Editorial: Loneliness and social
isolation in older adults during the COVID‑19 pandemic:
Implications for Gerontological Social Work. J Nutr Health Aging
2020;24:456‑8.
16. Golechha M. COVID‑19, India, lockdown and psychosocial
challenges: What next? Int J Soc Psychiatry 2020;66:830‑2.
17. Matias T, Dominski FH, Marks DF. Human needs in COVID‑19
isolation. J Health Psychol 2020;25:871‑82.
18. Mukherjee A, Bandopadhyay G, Chatterjee SS. COVID‑19
pandemic: Mental health and beyond – The Indian perspective.
Ir J Psychol Med 2021;38:140‑4.
19. Mojarad FA, Gorji MA, Salehiniya H, Yaghoubi T. Mental health
of the people of northern Iran during the quarantine time of
2020 following the coronavirus epidemic. J Educ Health Promot
2021;10:401.
20. Kesavadev J, Saboo B, Shankar A, Krishnan G, Jothydev S.
Telemedicine for diabetes care: An Indian perspective – Feasibility
and efficacy. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2015;19:764‑9.
21. Banerjee M, Chakraborty S, Pal R. Teleconsultation and diabetes
care amid COVID‑19 pandemic in India: Scopes and challenges.
J Diabetes Sci Technol 2020;14:714‑5.
22. Rathi M, Singh P, Bi HP, Shivanna A, Kavadichanda C,
Tripathy SR, et al. Impact of the COVID‑19 pandemic on patients
with systemic lupus erythematosus: Observations from an Indian
inception cohort. Lupus 2021;30:158‑64.
23. Jena PK. Challenges and opportunities created by covid‑19 for
ODL: A case study of IGNOU. Int J Innov Res Multidiscip Field
2020;6:217‑222.
24. Irudaya Rajan S, Sivakumar P, Srinivasan A. The COVID‑19
pandemic and internal labour migration in India: A ‘crisis of
mobility’. Indian J Labour Econ 2020;63:1021‑39.
25. Banerjee D, Bhattacharya P. The hidden vulnerability of
homelessness in the COVID‑19 pandemic: Perspectives from
India. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2021;67:3‑6.
26. Khanna A. Impact of migration of labour force due to global
COVID‑19 pandemic with reference to India. J Health Manag
2020;22:181‑91.
27. Dreze J. Averting Hunger during Monsoon Calls for Bold
Food Security Measures. The Indian Express; June 09, 2020.
https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/
nrega‑funds‑migrant‑workers‑monsoon‑pds‑scheme‑6449293
28. Gunaseelan S, Kesavan N. Business and economic recessions in
India during the Covid‑19 – A review. J Xi’an Univ Archit Technol
2020;12:356‑66.
29. Kawohl W, Nordt C. COVID‑19, unemployment, and suicide.
Lancet Psychiatry 2020;7:389‑90.
30. Kannan R. Global COVID‑19 pandemic and its impact on hotel
industry in gathering momentum of tourists in INDIA – A
perspective outlook. Mukt Shabd J 2020;9:584.
31. Vanapalli KR, Sharma HB, Ranjan VP, Samal B, Bhattacharya J,
Dubey BK, et al. Challenges and strategies for effective plastic
waste management during and post COVID‑19 pandemic. Sci
Total Environ 2021;750:141514.
32. Muthuprasad T, Aiswarya S, Aditya KS, Jha GK. Students’
perception and preference for online education in India during
COVID‑19 pandemic. Soc Sci Humanit Open 2021;3:100101.
33. Chatterjee SS, Barikar CM, Mukherjee A. Impact of COVID‑19
pandemic on pre‑existing mental health problems. Asian J
Psychiatr 2020;51:102071.
34. Konwar AN, Borse V. Current status of point‑of‑care diagnostic
devices in the Indian healthcare system with an update on
COVID‑19 pandemic. Sens Int 2020;1:100015.
35. Wiebers DO, Feigin VL. What the COVID‑19 crisis is telling
humanity. Neuroepidemiology 2020;54:283‑6.
36. Karunathilake K. Positive and negative impacts of COVID‑19, an
analysis with special reference to challenges on the supply chain
in South Asian countries. J Soc Econ Dev 2021;23:5568‑81.
37. Thavarajah R, Mohandoss AA, Ranganathan K. Effect of
COVID‑19 home confinement on family well‑being. J Orofac Sci
2020;12:69‑79.
38. Moore LD, Robbins G, Quinn J, Arbogast JW. The impact of
COVID‑19 pandemic on hand hygiene performance in hospitals.
Am J Infect Control 2021;49:30‑3.
39. Modi PD, Nair G, Uppe A, Modi J, Tuppekar B, Gharpure AS, et al.
COVID‑19 awareness among healthcare students and professionals
in Mumbai metropolitan region: A Questionnaire‑Based Survey.
Cureus 2020;12:e7514.
40. Bagepally BS, Haridoss M, Natarajan M, Jeyashree K, Ponnaiah M.
Cost‑effectiveness of surgical mask, N‑95 respirator, hand‑hygiene
and surgical mask with hand hygiene in the prevention of
COVID‑19: Cost effectiveness analysis from Indian context. Clin
Epidemiol Glob Health 2021;10:100702.
41. Balamurugan M, Kasiviswanathan KS, Ilampooranan I,
Soundharajan B. COVID‑19 lockdown disruptions on water
resources, wastewater and agriculture in India. Front Water
2021;3:24.
42. Dutta V, Dubey D, Kumar S. Cleaning the river Ganga: Impact
of lockdown on water quality and future implications on river
rejuvenation strategies. Sci Total Environ 2020;743:140756.
43. Singh RP, Javaid M, Haleem A, Suman R. Internet of things (IoT)
applications to fight against COVID‑19 pandemic. Diabetes Metab
Syndr 2020;14:521‑4.
44. Rana S, Anand A, Prashar S, Haque MM. A perspective on the
positioning of Indian business schools post COVID‑19 pandemic.
Int J Emerg Mark 2020. [Doi: 10.1108/ijoem‑04‑2020‑0415].
Available from: https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/
doi/10.1108/IJOEM‑04‑2020‑0415/full/html. [Last accessed on
2021 Sep 26].
45. Ghadrdoost B, Sadeghipour P, Amin A, Bakhshandeh H, Noohi F,
Maleki M, et al. Validity and reliability of a virtual education
satisfaction questionnaire from the perspective of cardiology
residents during the COVID‑19 pandemic. J Educ Health Promot
2021;10:291.
46. Parida BR, Bar S, Singh N, Oinam B, Pandey AC, Kumar M.
A short‑term decline in anthropogenic emission of CO2 in India
due to COVID‑19 confinement. Prog Phys Geogr Earth Environ
2021;45:471‑87.
47. Kalawapudi K, Singh T, Vijay R, Goyal N, Kumar R. Effects of
COVID‑19 pandemic on festival celebrations and noise pollution
levels. Noise Mapp 2021;8:89‑93.
48. Jain S, Sharma T. Social and travel lockdown impact considering
coronavirus disease (COVID‑19) on air quality in megacities
of India: Present benefits, future challenges and way forward.
Aerosol Air Qual Res 2020;20:1222‑36.
49. Venter ZS, Aunan K, Chowdhury S, Lelieveld J. COVID‑19
lockdowns cause global air pollution declines. Proc Natl Acad
Sci U S A 2020;117:18984‑90.
50. Muhammad S, Long X, Salman M. COVID‑19 pandemic and
environmental pollution: A blessing in disguise? Sci Total Environ
2020;728:138820.