1. World Health Organization. Global Health Risks: Mortality and 
Burden of Disease Attributable to Selected Major Risks. Geneva: 
World Health Organization; 2009.
2. Fryar CD, Ostchega Y, Hales CM, Zhang G, Kruszon‑Moran D. 
Hypertension prevalence and control among adults: United 
States, 2015‑2016. NCHS Data Brief 2017;289:1‑8.
3. Oori MJ, Mohammadi F, Norozi K, Fallahi‑Khoshknab M, 
Ebadi A, GheshlaghRG. Prevalence of HTN in Iran: Meta‑analysis 
of published studies in 2004‑2018. Curr Hypertens Rev 
2019;15:113‑22.
4. Williams B, Poulter NR, Brown MJ, Davis M, Mclnnes, GT, Potter, 
JF, et al. British Hypertension Society guidelines for hypertension 
management 2004 (BHS-IV): summary. BMJ. 2004;328(7440):634640. 
5. Wiseman M, Cannon G, Butrum R. Policy and Action for Cancer 
Prevention. Food, Nutrition, and Physical Activity: A Global 
Perspective. Washington, DC: World Cancer Research Fund/
American Institute for Cancer Research; 2009.
6. Zanchetti A, Thomopoulos C, Parati G. Randomized controlled 
trials of blood pressure lowering in hypertension: A critical 
reappraisal. Circ Res 2015;116:1058‑73.
7. Mo Phoenix KH, Winnie WS. The influence of health promoting 
practices on the quality of life of community adults in Hong Kong. 
Soc Indic Res 2010;95:503‑17.
8. Musavian AS, Pasha A, Rahebi SM, Atrkar Roushan Z, 
Ghanbari A. Health promoting behaviors among adolescents: 
A cross‑sectional study. Nurs Midwifery Stud 2014;3:e14560.
9. Jalili Bahabadi F, Estebsari F, Rohani C, Rahimi Khalifeh Kandi Z, 
Sefidkar R, Mostafaei D. Predictors of health‑promoting lifestyle 
in pregnant women based on pender’s health promotion model. 
Int J Womens Health 2020;12:71‑7.
10. Ghezelbash S, Ghorbani A. Lifestyle modification and 
hypertension prevention. ARYA Atherosclerosis J 2012;8:S202‑7.
11. Walker S, Hill-Polerecky DM. Psychometric Evaluation of Health 
Promoting Lifestyle Profile II. Unpublished Manuscript, Lincoln: 
University of Nebraska Medical Center, College of Nursing; 1997. 
Available from: https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/
handle/2027.42/85349/HPLP_IIDimensions.pdf?sequence=2. 
20. [Last accessed on 2020 Jan 10].
12. Rathnayake N, Alwis G, Lenora J, and Lekamwasam, S. 
Applicability of health promoting lifestyle profile-II for 
postmenopausal women in Sri Lanka; a validation study. Health 
Qual Life Outcomes.2020; 18 (122):1-6.
13. Karimi N, Saadat‑Gharin S, Tol A, Sadeghi R, Yaseri M, 
Mohebbi B. A problem‑based learning health literacy intervention 
program on improving health‑promoting behaviors among girl 
students. J Educ Health Promot 2019;8:251.
14. Ayodapoa AO, Olukokun TA. Lifestyle counselling and 
behavioural change: Role among adult hypertensives in a rural 
tertiary institution. S Afr Fam Pract 2019;61:91‑6.
15. Buda ES, Hanfore LK, Fite RO, Buda AS. Lifestyle modification 
practice and associated factors among diagnosed hypertensive 
patients in selected hospitals, South Ethiopia. Clin Hypertens 
2017;23:26.
16. Cao W, Hou G, Guo C. Guo Y, Zheng J. Health-promoting 
behaviors and quality of life in older adults with hypertension as 
compared to a community control group. J Hum Hypertens.2018; 
32 (8-9): 540–547.
17. Kemppainen J, Bomar PJ, Kikuchi K, Kanematsu Y, Ambo H, 
Noguchi K. Health promotion behaviors of residents with 
hypertension in Iwate, Japan and North Carolina, USA. Jpn J Nurs Sci 2011;8:20‑32.
18. Mansoorian M, Qorbani M, Shafieyan N, Asayesh H, Shafieyan Z, 
Maghsodloo D. Association between life style and hypertension 
in rural population of Gorgan. J Health Prom Manag 2012;1:23‑8.
19. Fatourehchi S, Sotoodeasl N. Comparison of lifestyle between 
hypertension patients and healthy people. Ebnesina J Med 
2017;18:60‑4.
20. Samiei Siboni F, Alimoradi Z, Atashi V. Health‑promoting 
lifestyle: A considerable contributing factor to quality of life in 
patients with hypertension. Am J Lifestyle Med 2021;15:191‑9.
21. Mohammadi Zeidi I, Pakpour Hajiagha A, Mohammadi Zeidi B. 
Reliability and validity of Persian version of the health‑promoting 
lifestyle profile. J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 2012;21:102‑13.
22. Saber Moghaddam M, Rajabzade R, Nasiri D. Relationship 
of lifestyle and hypertension in administrative employees 
in Bojnourd rural areas. North Khorasan Univ Med Sci 
2013;5:758‑91.
23. Hosseini F, Farshidi H, Aghamolaei T, Madani A, 
Ghanbarnejad A. The impact of an educational intervention 
based on PRECEDE‑PROCEED model on lifestyle changes 
among hypertension patients. Iran J Health Educ Health Promot 
2014;2:17‑27.