Journal of Education and Health Promotion

Factors influencing the consumption of fruits and vegetables in diabetic patients based on Pender’s health promotion model

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

. Seyed Vahid Ahmadi Tabatabai 1
. Armita Shah Esmailinejad 2
. reza Sadeghi 3
. Batool Zeidabadi 4

1 Department of Assistant Professor Health Education and Promotion, School of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran

2 Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran

3 Department of Public Health, Sirjan School of Medical Sciences, Sirjan, Iran

4 Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran

Abstract
BACKGROUND: To control blood sugar and prevent complications related to diabetes, eating fruits 
and vegetables in standard amounts is recommended. The aim of this study was to investigate the 
factors affecting the consumption of fruits and vegetables in diabetic patients based on the Pender 
health promotion model.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross‑sectional study was conducted on 260 diabetic patients in 
Sirjan; one of the cities of Kerman in Iran in 2020. To collect data, a researcher‑made questionnaire 
of Pender’s Health Promotion Model and a standard Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System 
questionnaire were used to measure fruit and vegetable consumption. Data were analyzed using 
SPSS24 software. Data were analyzed using t‑test, Pearson correlation coefficient, linear regression, 
and path analysis. Significance level <0.05 was considered.
RESULTS: The study showed that 71.5% of patients consumed fruits three or more times and 52.3% 
consumed vegetables per week. Employment, income, education, and gender were significantly 
associated with fruit and vegetable consumption (P < 0.05). Perceived barriers (P < 0.0001, β =0.23), 
self‑efficacy (P < 0.0001, β =0.32), and commitment to action plan (P = 0.002, β =0.20) were the 
main predictors of fruit and vegetable consumption.
CONCLUSION: In this study, self‑efficacy was the strongest predictor of fruit and vegetable 
consumption in diabetic patients. Therefore, it is necessary to consider health education as well as 
health promotion interventions based on these variables is considered to increase the consumption 
of fruits and vegetables for diabetic patients.

Keywords

Diabetes
fruit
health promotion model
Pender’s
perceived barriers
self‑efficacy
vegetable
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Journal of Education and Health Promotion
Volume 12, Issue 2
Winter 2022
Pages 1-9

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