1. Kim K, Lee Y‑M. Understanding uncertainty in medicine:
Concepts and implications in medical education. Korean J Med
Educ 2018;30:181‑8.
2. Djulbegovic B, Hozo I, Greenland S. Uncertainty in clinical
medicine. In: Gifford S, Gabbay D, Thagard P, Woods J (eds.)
Handbook of the philosophy of science. Ch. 10. Vol. 16.
Philosophy of medicine. Elsevier; 2011. p. 299-356.
3. Smith M, Higgs J, Ellis E. Factors influencing clinical decision
making. Clinical Reasoning in the Health Professions 2008;3:89‑100.
4. Bahadori M, Raadabadi M, Ravangard R, Mahaki B. The barriers
to the application of the research findings from the nurses’
perspective: A case study in a teaching hospital. J Educ Health
Promot 2016;5:14.
5. Alamneshan F, Naji A. Relationship between uncertainty in
decision‑making and job characteristics among nurse managers.
Quarterly Journal of Nurse Management 2015;4:61-8. [Persian]
6. Dhawale T, Steuten LM, Deeg HJ. Uncertainty of physicians
and patients in medical decision making. Biol Blood Marrow
Transplant 2017;23:865‑9.
7. Alam R, Cheraghi‑Sohi S, Panagioti M, Esmail A, Campbell S,
Panagopoulou E. Managing diagnostic uncertainty in primary
care: A systematic critical review. BMC Family Practice.
2017;18:79.
8. Nevalainen M, Kuikka L, Pitkälä K. Medical errors and
uncertainty in primary healthcare: A comparative study of coping
strategies among young and experienced GPs. Scand J Prim
Health Care 2014;32:84‑9.
9. Cousin G, Schmid Mast M, Jaunin-Stalder N. When
physician-expressed uncertainty leads to patient dissatisfaction:
A gender study. Med Educ 2013;47:923‑31.
10. Simpkin AL, Khan A, West DC, Garcia BM, Sectish TC,
Spector ND, et al. Stress from uncertainty and resilience among
depressed and burned out residents: A cross‑sectional study.
Acad Pediatr 2018;18:698‑704.
11. Croskerry P. A model for clinical decision‑making in medicine.
Med Sci Educ 2017;27:9‑13.
12. Djulbegovic B, Elqayam S. Many faces of rationality: Implications
of the great rationality debate for clinical decision-making. J Eval
Clin Pract 2017;23:915‑22.
13. Simpkin AL, Armstrong KA. Communicating uncertainty:
A narrative review and framework for future research. J Gen
Intern Med 2019;34:2586‑91.
14. Strauss A, Corbin J. Basics of Qualitative Research. Sage
publications; 1990.
15. Khankeh HR, Hosseini SA, Rezaie L, Shakeri J, Schwebel DC.
A model to explain suicide by self‑immolation among Iranian
women: A grounded theory study. Burns 2015;41:1562‑71.
16. Timmermans S. The engaged patient: The relevance of
patient–physician communication for twenty‑first‑century health.
J Health Soc Behav 2020;61:259‑73.
17. Wray CM, Loo LK. The diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of
medical uncertainty. J Grad Med Educ 2015;7:523‑7.
18. Stephens GC. Medical Student Experiences of Uncertainty
Tolerance Moderators: A Longitudinal Qualitative Study.
Harvard Press. Frontiers in Medicine 2022;9:207-42.
19. Guenter D, Fowler N, Lee L. Clinical uncertainty: Helping our
learners. Can Fam Physician 2011;57:120‑5.
20. Baker SG, Prorok PC. Breast cancer overdiagnosis in stop‑screen
trials: More uncertainty than previously reported. J Med Screen
2021;28:185‑92.
21. Han PK, Klein WM, Arora NK. Varieties of uncertainty in health
care: A conceptual taxonomy. Med Decis Making 2011;31:828‑38.
22. Finkel MA, Alexander RA. Conducting the medical history.
J Child Sex Abus 2011;20:486‑504.
23. Hazelwood RR. Wives of Child Molesters Within the Family.
Springer; 2015. p. 31‑9.
24. McKelvie S, Moore A, Croxson C, Lasserson DS, Hayward GN.
Challenges and strategies for general practitioners diagnosing
serious infections in older adults: A UK qualitative interview
study. BMC Fam Pract 2019;20:1‑9.
25. Leech AA, Dusetzina SB. Cost‑effective but unaffordable: The
CAR‑T conundrum. Oxford University Press; 2019.
26. Kelly A, Panush RS. Diagnostic uncertainty and epistemologic
humility. Springer; 2017.
27. Baraz S, Memarian R, Vanaki Z. Learning challenges of nursing
students in clinical environments: A qualitative study in Iran.
J Educ Health Promot 2015;4:52.
28. TirottaD, DuranteV. Decision‑making under uncertain conditions:
The internist, as a director of the diagnostic/therapeutic pathway
in grey zones. Int J Clin Med Cases 2018;1:101.
29. Swoboda DA. Negotiating the diagnostic uncertainty of
contested illnesses: Physician practices and paradigms. Health
2008;12:453‑78.
