Journal of Education and Health Promotion

COVID‑19 vaccine acceptability, determinants of potential vaccination, and hesitancy in public: A call for effective health communication

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

. Rajesh Kumar
. Mukesh Bairwa 1
. Kalpana Beniwal 2
. Ravi Kant 3

1 Department of Internal Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India

2 Department of Nursing, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India

3 Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Diabetic and Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease rapidly spreads across the entire world in < 2 months and
gravely jeopardizes the regular human routine. The medical fraternity recommends a vaccine as one
of the best solutions to save the universe. However, to be effective, the population should reflect an
encouraging attitude to accept it. The study aimed to measure vaccine acceptability and reason for
hesitancy among the public.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eight hundred and forty one adults visiting a tertiary care hospital
responded to a pretested validated questionnaire on vaccine acceptability and hesitancy. The Chi‑square
test and independent t‑test, followed by multinomial logistic regression, were used to analyze the findings.
RESULTS: Overall, 53.4% (n = 445) of participants interested to take vaccine, 27.2% (n = 229)
were not sure, and the remaining 19.4% (n = 163) did not intent to vaccinate. Gender (P = 0.013),
information on the vaccine (P = 0.022), chances to get coronavirus disease in the next 6
months (P < 0.001), awareness on India COVID‑19 vaccine (P < 0.001), Indian manufacturing
company of vaccine (P < 0.001), family history of the laboratory‑confirmed case (P < 0.001), and
health status (P = 0.011) found a significant association with intention to vaccination (a response
“yes” vs. “no” and “not sure”). Reasons for vaccine hesitancy included specific antivaccine attitudes
and beliefs, a concern of fear and phobia, lack of information, and safety issues on the vaccine.
CONCLUSIONS: This institute‑specific survey revealed that approximately every 4 in 8 people were
not sure to take the vaccine, and one in five people refused to be vaccinated. The study recommends
using target‑based health education to understand and address vaccine‑specific concerns to enhance
vaccine coverage, and boost confidence among the population.

Keywords

Adult
coronavirus
COVID‑19 vaccines
intention
vaccination
vaccine 
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Journal of Education and Health Promotion
Volume 11, Issue 9
October 2021
Pages 1-10

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