Journal of Education and Health Promotion

Effect of education on knowledge of fertility counseling and attitudes toward fertility control

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

. Talat Khadivzadeh 1
. Raziyeh Rahmati 2
. Habibollah Esmaily 3

1 Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

2 MSc of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

3 Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health, Mashhad University Medical of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

Abstract
BACKGROUND: The development of any society depends on proper planning in various fields such
as population and birth control. Fertility control is designed to create a level of population growth
appropriate to the resources available and to ensure a good life. Receiving information and education
is one of the basic strategies to change the attitude toward fertility and awareness in most people in
society. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effect of education on knowledge of
fertility counseling and attitudes toward fertility control in health workers.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study was a randomized clinical trial with a control
group that was conducted in the presence of 107 health workers of health centers and community
health centers working in Mashhad in 2017. The research units were randomly divided into three
groups (webinar training, group discussion training, and control). Research tools were researcher‑made
questionnaires on attitudes toward fertility and measuring healthy reproductive awareness that all
study participants completed at the beginning of the study and 2 weeks after the intervention. Data
analysis was performed by the Chi‑square, one‑way analysis of variance, and independent t‑test
using the SPSS software version 16.
RESULTS: The results of this study showed that at the beginning of the study, all three groups
were homogeneous in terms of quantitative and qualitative demographic variables including age,
education, work experience, type of employment, and number of family members. The results of
Kruskal–Wallis test showed that before the intervention, the three groups did not have a statistically
significant difference in terms of mean scores of awareness about fertility counseling (P = 0.77) and
attitude toward fertility control (P = 0.523), but this relationship was significant after the interventions.
Furthermore, the results of Mann–Whitney intragroup test showed that the scores before and after
the intervention were significant in both educational groups (P = 0.001).
CONCLUSION: Considering the importance of healthy fertility counseling and the important place
of education in promoting awareness and attitude toward healthy fertility, it is recommended to use
active educational methods to promote the awareness and attitude of health workers to provide
healthy fertility services to couples.

Keywords

Attitude to fertility control
awareness
education
fertility counseling
health workers
  1. Rahbari M, Hajnaghizadeh F, Damari B. A qualitative study
    of the status of children’s play from the viewpoints of experts
    and suggestions for promotion interventions. Iran J Pediatr
    2015;25:e2178.
    2. Golmakani N, Rahmati R, Shaghaghi F, Safinejad H, Kamali Z,
    Mohebbi‑Dehnavi Z. Investigating the relationship between
    social support and self‑compassion by improving the adequacy
    of prenatal care. J Educ Health Promot 2020;9:340.
    3. Sadeghi‑Bazargani H, Ayubi E, Azami‑Aghdash S, Abedi L,
    Zemestani A, Amanati L, et al. Epidemiological patterns of road
    traffic crashes during the last two decades in Iran: A review of
    the literature from 1996 to 2014. Arch Trauma Res 2016;5:e32985.
    4. Eager PW. Global Population Policy: From Population Control
    to Reproductive Rights. Routledge: Taylor & Francis; 2017.
    5. Gaddy H. Has fertility increased at very high levels of
    development? SocArXiv cufpa, Center for Open Science2020.
    6. Baruti E, Farhadi Z. Assessment of knowledge of health services
    providers about contraceptives. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2003;1:43‑8.
    7. Khadivzadeh T, Arghavani E, Shakeri MT. Attitude toward
    governmental incentives on childbearing and its relationship with
    fertility preferences in couples attending premarital counseling
    clinic in health centers in Mashhad. J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci
    2015;24:1‑13.
    8. Afkhami A, Madrakian T, Shirzadmehr A, Tabatabaee M,
    Bagheri H. New Schiff base‑carbon nanotube–nanosilica–ionic
    liquid as a high performance sensing material of a potentiometric
    sensor for nanomolar determination of cerium (III) ions. Sens
    Actuators B Chem 2012;174:237‑44.
    9. Koser K. Fertility counseling with couples: A theoretical approach.
    Fam J 2020;28:25‑32.
    10. Allameh Z. Foundamental and process of family planning
    counseling. Tehran: MOH & ME; 1997.
    11. Choi W, Park J, Lee S, Yim J, Jeong H, Lim Y, et al. The effects of
    convergent reproductive health promotion program for Korean
    University students on sexual knowledge, sexual attitude, and
    reproductive health promoting behavior. J Korea Converg Soc
    2018;9:145‑52.
  2. 12. Zangiabadi Zade M. The study effect of teaching contraceptive
    and preventive methods of sexual diseases on female students’
    knowledge and attitudes toward reproductive and sexual health.
    J Jiroft Univ Med Sci 2015;2:152‑61.
    13. Mirheydari M, Qazvinian L, Rezaei AM, KarimiRZ, Qazvinian M,
    Saghafipour A. The Effects of Pre‑Marriage Education on Their
    Reproductive Health among Couples Participating in Marriage
    Classes of Qom‑2016; 2016.
    14. Mahdizadeh H, Kazemi S, Azizi M. The Challenges in Application
    of Information Technologies (ICT) in Medical Science Universities;
    2011.
    15. Sadeghi A, Balali F, Razazade S. Attitude and performance of
    health staff regarding health information resources Kerman
    University of Medical Sciences. J Educ Community Health
    2014;1:27‑35.
    16. Tan WM, Klein MC, Saxell L, Shirkoohy SE, Asrat G. How do
    physicians and midwives manage the third stage of labor? Birth
    2008;35:220‑9.
    17. Kyrpides NC, Hugenholtz P, Eisen JA, Woyke T, Göker M,
    Parker CT, et al. Genomic encyclopedia of bacteria and archaea:
    Sequencing a myriad of type strains. PLoS Biol 2014;12:e1001920.
    18. Kendall C, Afable‑Munsuz A, Speizer I, Avery A, Schmidt N,
    Santelli J. Understanding pregnancy in a population of inner‑city
    women in New Orleans – Results of qualitative research. Soc Sci
    Med 2005;60:297‑311.
    19. Yeh CT, Lin YK. Component allocation cost minimization for a
    multistate computer network subject to a reliability threshold
    using tabu search. J Indus Manage Optimiz 2016;12:141.
    20. Golmakani N, Gholami M, Shaghaghi F, Safinejad H, Kamali Z,
    Mohebbi‑Dehnavi Z. Relationship between fear of childbirth and
    the sense of cohesion with the attachment of pregnant mothers
    to the fetus. J Educ Health Promot 2020;9:261.
    21. Gholami M, Moallem SA Afshar M, Etemad L, Karimi G. Maternal
    exposure to silymarin leads to phatological changes in mouse
    foetuses. Pharmacologyonline 2015;2:38‑43.
    22. Gholami M, Moallem SA, Afshar M, Etemad L, Karimi G.
    Gestational exposure to silymarin increases susceptibility of
    BALB/c mice fetuses to apoptosis. Avicenna J Med Biotechnol
    2017;9:66‑70.
    23. Parsa P, Shobeiri F, Mohammadi Y. The effect of group counseling
    on improving the awareness of reproductive health in adolescent
    girls living in welfare boarding centers. J Urmia Nurs Midwifery
    Fac 2017;15:534‑43.
    24. Wani RT, Rashid I, Nabi SS, Dar H. Knowledge, attitude, and
    practice of family planning services among healthcare workers
    in Kashmir - A cross-sectional study. J Family Med Prim Care.
    2019;8(4):1319-1325.
    25. OstadRahimi A, Safaeean A, Modaresi J, PourAbdollahi P. The
    effect of nutrition education on knowledge, attitude and practice
    of women working in the nutritional University of Medical
    Sciences. J Tabriz Univ Med Sci 2010;31:12‑7.
    26. Saatsaz S, Rezaei R, Nazari R, HajiHosaini F, SaiediAndi S. The
    impact of education on the knowledge and practice of teachers in
    methods of breast cancer screening. Breast Dis Iran J 2009;2:28‑35.
    27. Modabber M, Pouresmaeil M, Soltani M. Effects of group
    discussion on knowledge, attitude and practice of women using
    natural family planning methods in Alborz City, Qazvin. J Health
    2017;8:211‑21.
    28. Shokri A. The Effect of Web‑Based Education on Students’
    Knowledge and Attitudes about Youth Reproductive Masters
    thesis, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences: Qazvin University
    of Medical Sciences and Health Services; 2017.
    29. He Y, Zhang N, Wang J, He N, Du Y, Ding JX, et al. Evaluation of
    two intervention models on contraceptive attitudes and behaviors
    among nulliparous women in Shanghai, China: A clustered
    randomized controlled trial. Reprod Health 2017;14:73.
    30. Morgan E. Knowledge Gaps Regarding Birth Control and
    Emergency Contraceptives among College Educated Woman:
    An Educational Intervention; Honors Thesis 2020.
    31. Ramazani A, Faraji A, Fatemi M, Solooki M. The effects of
    pre‑marriage education and consultation on knowledge
    and attitude of couples regarding to reproductive health.
    Tolooebehdasht 2013;11:56‑65.
    32. Alami A, Esmailzade M, Esmaeili R, Matlabi M, Ekrami
    Noghabi A, Saberi M. Effectiveness of an educational intervention
    based on the theory of planned behavior on fertility intention
    of single‑child women: A field trial study. Q Horizon Med Sci
    2020;26:212‑27.
    33. Rahmati R, Khadivzadeh T, Esmaily H. Comparison of the effect
    of two training methods (webinar and group discussion) on
    improving the attitude and performance of health workers in
    providing counseling with fertility promotion approach. J Educ
    Health Promot 2020;9:280.
    34. Rahmati R, Khadivzadeh T, Esmaily H. Improving the level of
    awareness and attitude toward fertility and fertility counseling
    skills of health staff with both face‑to‑face and virtual training
    methods. J Educ Health Promot 2020;9:335.
    35. Moshki M, Shafaghi K, Seyedesani SK. Comparative Effectiveness
    of Group Discussion and Multimedia Nutrition Education among
    Pregnant Women in Learning Domains; Journal Of Sabzevar
    University Of Medical Sciences, 2014;21(3):441-452.
    36. Lanken PN, Novack DH, Daetwyler C, Gallop R, Landis JR,
    Lapin J, et al. Efficacy of an internet‑based learning module and
    small‑group debriefing on trainees’ attitudes and communication
    skills toward patients with substance use disorders: results of a
    cluster randomized controlled trial. Acad Med 2015;90:345‑54.
Journal of Education and Health Promotion
Volume 11, Issue 7
August 2021
Pages 1-7

Home

Guide for Authors

Submit Manuscript

Reviewers

Contact Us