Journal of Education and Health Promotion

Students’ beliefs about smokeless tobacco use in Chabahar city: A qualitative study using focus groups

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

. Esmaeil Fattahi
. Mahnaz Solhi
. Zahra Sadat Manzari 1
. Abolhasan Afkar 2
. Javad Yoosefi Lebni
. Ayoob Rastegar 3

1 Department of Medical‑Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

2 Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran

3 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Smokeless tobacco use is a public health problem. This study explored students’
beliefs about smokeless tobacco use in Chabahar, Iran.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The qualitative study was conducted using three Focused Group
Discussions among 24 students aged 12–14 years in Chabahar City. Focus Group Guide Morgan
was used. Qualitative Content Analysis was used to explore and extract codes and themes. The
data analysis process was carried out in accordance with the stages of proposed by Graneheim and
Lundman. Guba and Lincoln criteria were used for evaluating research transferability.
RESULTS: Two main themes emerged from the analysis including; beliefs of being useful and
harmful. Each of these themes is divided into subthemes with useful or harmful physical and
psychological beliefs. Four subthemes included: beliefs of being useful physically, beliefs of being
useful psychologically, harmful beliefs physically, and harmful beliefs psychologically.
CONCLUSIONS: One of the more significant findings to emerge from this study is that many students
mentioned the benefits of using smokeless tobacco to reduce toothache, relieve headaches, and bad
breath. This information can be used to develop targeted interventions aimed at reducing smokeless
tobacco consumption. However, more research on this topic needs to be undertaken before the
association between kinds of beliefs and smokeless tobacco consumption is more clearly understood.

Keywords

Focus group
qualitative content analysis
smokeless tobacco
students’ beliefs
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Journal of Education and Health Promotion
Volume 11, Issue 6
July 2021
Pages 1-6

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