Journal of Education and Health Promotion

Psychomotor abilities in diagnostic upper gastrointestinal endoscopy derived from procedural task analysis techniques and expert review

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

. Zahra Amouzeshi
. Tahereh Changiz
. Arash Najimi
. Mehdi Saberifiroozi 1
. Amir Sadeghi 2
. Mohammad Reza Farzanehfar 3
. Manouchehr Khoshbaten 4
. Kourosh Mojtahedi 5
. Alireza Sima 6
. Tarang Taghvaei 7
. Peyman Adibi 8

1 Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

2 Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Ayatollah Taleghani Hospital, Shahid Labbafinezhad Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

3 Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

4 Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Medical Education Research Center, Health Management and Safety Promotion Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

5 Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Razi Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Guilan, Iran

6 Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

7 Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Gut and Liver Research Center, Cancer Research Institute, Sari Imam Khomeini Hospital, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Mazandaran, Iran

8 Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Al-Zahra Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

Abstract
Abstract:
BACKGROUND: Any prediction of a person’s ability to succeed in a motor skill depends on the
detection and accurate measurement of the basic abilities for the performance of that skill. Task
analysis is needed to determine the psychomotor skills and abilities required to perform an action.
This study aimed to determine the components of psychomotor abilities for diagnostic upper
gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy through procedural task analysis (PTA) and expert review.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: A multisource, multimethod task analysis was conducted in six
metropolitan teaching hospitals affiliated with the adult gastroenterology and hepatology training
centers in the Islamic Republic of Iran in 2019. Observation, video-recording, and think-aloud protocols
were used while diagnostic upper GI endoscopy was performed. To confirm the accuracy of the
PTA, the incorporated the views of the adult gastroenterology and hepatology subspecialty experts
through the checklist of PTA assessment criteria. Finally, to determine the psychomotor abilities for
each stage of the procedure, the study incorporated a panel of experts from occupational therapy,
physical education, physical medicine, and adult gastroenterology and hepatology subspecialty.
RESULTS: Of the 15 psychomotor abilities examined, 11 were determined for upper GI endoscopy
procedure, of which six cases (including visuospatial and perceptual abilities, hand–eye coordination,
multilimb coordination, finger dexterity, arm–hand steadiness, and manual dexterity) were the most
frequent.
CONCLUSIONS: PTA techniques and subsequent expert review were used to identify the components
of psychomotor abilities for diagnostic upper GI endoscopy. It is suggested that PTA is performed
for other procedures, and after psychomotor abilities are specified, proportional tests are developed.

Keywords

Analysis task
endoscopy
gastrointestinal
performance
psychomotor performance 
1. Thoirs K, Coffee J. Developing the clinical psychomotor skills of
musculoskeletal sonography using a multimedia DVD: A pilot
study. Aust J Educ Technol 2012;28(4): 703‑718.
2. Kaufman H, Wiegand R, Tunick R. Teaching surgeons to
operate – Principles of psychomotor skills training. Acta
Neurochir 1987;87:1‑7.
3. Skinner A, Diller D, Kumar R, Cannon‑Bowers J, Smith R,
Tanaka A, et al. Development and application of a multi‑modal
task analysis to support intelligent tutoring of complex skills. Int
J STEM Educ 2018;5:14.
4. Yuen HK, D’Amico M. Deriving directions through procedural
task analysis. Occup Ther Health Care 1998;11:17‑25.
5. Dabbagh N. Procedural Task Analysis. Available from: http://
cehdclass.gmu.edu/ndabbagh/Resources/IDKB/task_analysis.
htm. [Last accessed on 2019 Aug 24].
6. Schmidt R, Lee T. Motor Learning and Performance, 5E with Web
Study Guide: From Principles to Application: Human Kinetics;
2013.
7. Sattelmayer M, Elsig S, Hilfiker R, Baer G. Systematic review
and meta‑analysis of selected motor learning principles in
physiotherapy and medical education. BMC Med Educ 2016;16:15.
8. Ende A, Zopf Y, Konturek P, Naegel A, Hahn EG, Matthes K,
et al. Strategies for training in diagnostic upper endoscopy:
A prospective, randomized trial. Gastrointest Endosc
2012;75:254‑60.
9. Ritter EM, McClusky DA 3rd, Gallagher AG, Enochsson L,
Smith CD. Perceptual, visuospatial, and psychomotor abilities
correlate with duration of training required on a virtual‑reality
flexible endoscopy simulator. Am J Surg 2006;192:379‑84.
10. Clark JA, Volchok JA, Hazey JW, Sadighi PJ, Fanelli RD. Initial
experience using an endoscopic simulator to train surgical
residents in flexible endoscopy in a community medical center
residency program. Curr Surg 2005;62:59‑63.
11. Waschke KA, Anderson J, Valori RM, MacIntosh DG, Kolars JC,
DiSario JA, et al. ASGE principles of endoscopic training.
Gastrointest Endosc 2019;90:27‑34.
12. Nugent E. The Evaluation of Fundamental Ability in Acquiring
Minimally Invasive Surgical Skill Sets.[MD Thesis], Dublin: Royal
College of Surgeons in Ireland; 2012. p. 13.
13. Luursema JM, Buzink SN, Verwey WB, Jakimowicz JJ.
Visuo‑spatial ability in colonoscopy simulator training. Adv
Health Sci Educ Theory Pract 2010;15:685‑94.
14. Cuschieri GH, Francis NK. Psychomotor ability testing and human
reliability analysis (HRA) in surgical practice. Minim Invasive
Ther Allied Technol 2001;10:181‑95.
15. Molinas CR, Binda MM, Sisa CM, CampoR. A randomized control
trial to evaluate the importance of pre‑training basic laparoscopic
psychomotor skills upon the learning curve of laparoscopic
intra‑corporeal knot tying. Gynecol Surg 2017;14:29.
16. Gallagher AG, Leonard G, Traynor OJ. Role and feasibility
of psychomotor and dexterity testing in selection for surgical
training. Anz J Surg 2009;79:108‑13.
17. Sullivan ME, Ortega A, Wasserberg N, Kaufman H, Nyquist J,
Clark R, et al. Assessing the teaching of procedural skills: Can
cognitive task analysis add to our traditional teaching methods?
Am J Surg 2008;195:20‑3.
18. Sullivan ME, Brown CV, Peyre SE, Salim A, Martin M, Towfigh S,
et al. The use of cognitive task analysis to improve the learning of
percutaneous tracheostomy placement. Am J Surg 2007;193:96‑9.
19. Wingfield LR, Kulendran M, Chow A, Nehme J, Purkayastha S.
Cognitive task analysis: Bringing olympic athlete style training
to surgical education. Surg Innov 2015;22:406‑17.
Journal of Education and Health Promotion
Volume 11, Issue 6
July 2021
Pages 1-8

Home

Guide for Authors

Submit Manuscript

Reviewers

Contact Us