Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1 Midwifery and Reproductive Health Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Midwifery, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
3 Department of Biostatistics, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The postpartum period can be considered as one of the most sensitive stages of
life in different countries; however, it is inadequate in many developed and developing countries.
We aimed to determine the educational needs of mothers in the postpartum period in Bojnourd.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was conducted in Bojnourd 2019 with two parts: a
qualitative part using the content analysis method and a quantitative part using the descriptive
cross‑sectional method. Data were collected 45 interviews with women, spouses, and key informants.
All content was recorded and fully transcribed on paper. MaxQda10software was used for the data
management. A simultaneous descriptive cross‑sectional study was done including 250 pregnant
in the third trimester (25.6%), in the first 48 h after delivery (24.4%), in the first 6 months after
delivery (24.4%), and in the second 6 months after childbirth (25.6%) who referred to five health centers
in Bojnourd to receive midwifery care. Quota sampling was performed for each center according to
the population covered, and convenient sampling was done in each center.
RESULTS: In the qualitative study, educational needs were classified into four main categories,
including “maintaining and restoring physical health,” “sexual health needs,” “mental health needs,”
and “educational barriers.” In the quantitative study, according to the findings, the most educational
needs among mothers were self‑care and breastfeeding and the best time for teaching was during
the pregnancy, and the best method was face‑to‑face training and the best source of information
was midwives and gynecologists.
CONCLUSION: Attention to the educational needs of each region can be done through various
training courses and continuous retraining to promote health provider and should be considered in
the planning officials.
Keywords
- Gennaro S, Thyangathyanga D, Kershbaumer R, Thompson J.
Health promotion and risk reduction in Malawi, Africa, village
women. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 2001;30:224‑30.
2. Mohamadirizi S, Noroozi M, Mohamadirizi S. The effect of
speed and precaution technique on postpartum bleeding among
midwifery students in the clinical field. J Educ Health Promot
2019;8:72. - 3. Cunningham FL, Bloom S, Hauth J, Rouse D, Spong C. Williams
Obstetrics. 23rd ed. New York: The McGraw Hill Medical
Publishing; 2018.
4. Ganji J, Kolivand M, Hasanimoghadm S, Hassani M. Iranian
Women’s Sexual Experience after Childbirth: A Mixed Method
Explanatory Sequential Study. Int J Health Stud 2017;3:16‑20.
5. D’Aliesio L, Vellone E, Amato E, Alvaro R. The positive effects of
father’s attendance to labour and delivery: A quasi experimental
study. Int Nurs Perspect 2009;9:5‑10.
6. Razurel C, Bruchon‑Schweitzer M, Dupanloup A, Irion O,
Epiney M. Stressful events, social support and coping strategies of
primiparous women during the postpartum period: A qualitative
study. Midwifery 2011;27:237‑42.
7. Api O, Breyman C, Çetiner M, Demir C, Ecder T. Diagnosis
and treatment of iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy and
the postpartum period: Iron deficiency anemia working group
consensus report. Turk J Obstet Gynecol 2015;12:173‑81.
8. Salari P, Nazari S, Mazlum R, Ghanbari Hashem Abadi BA.
Comparing postpartum stressors and social support level in
primiparous and multiparous women. JMidwifery Reprod Health
2014;2:71‑6.
9. Nazari S, Salari P, Mazloom S. Comparison of first and second
month postpartum stress and stressors in primiparous and
multiparous women. Nurs Midwifery J 2016;14:213‑23.
10. Zainur RZ, Loh KY. “Postpartum morbidity—what we can do”.
Med J Malaysia 2006;61:651‑6.
11. Huang K, Tao F, Liu L, Wu X. Does delivery mode affect women’s
postpartum quality of life in rural China? J Clin Nurs 2012;21:1534‑43.
12. Hajimiri K, Shakibazadeh E, Haeri Mehrizi AA, Shab‑Bidar S,
SadeghiR. The role of perceived barrier in the postpartum women’s
health promoting lifestyle: A partial mediator between self‑efficacy
and health promoting lifestyle. J Educ Health Promot 2018;7:38.
13. Fort AL, Kothari MT, Abderrahim N. Postpartum care: Levels
and determinants in developing countries. Calverton, Maryland,
USA: Macro International; 2006.
14. Khabiri R, Khosravi A, Elahi E, Rashidian A. Maternal health
care based on Iran’ Multiple Indicator Demographic and Health
Survey (IrMIDHS‑2010). Hakim Res J 2014;17:67‑77.
15. Lomoro OA, Ehiri JE, Qian X, Tang SL. Mothers’ perspectives on
the quality of postpartum care in Central Shanghai, China. Int J
Qual Health Care 2002;14:393‑402.
16. UNICEF Global Databases, 2019, Based on MICS, DHS
and Other Nationally Representative Household Surveys.
Available from: https://data.unicef.org/topic/maternal‑health/
antenatal‑care/. [Last accessed on 2020 ,13 Dec 2020 Dec 13].
17. RouhiM, Mohammed‑Alizadeh CS, Usefi H, Rouhi N. Postpartum
morbidity and help‑seeking behaviours in Iran. Br J Midwifery
2011;19:178‑84.
18. Alizadeh Debazari Z, Abed Saeedi J, Alavi Majd H. Evaluation of
the quality of postpartum care in the affiliated hospitals of Shahid
Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health Services in
2003. Pajoohande 2005;10:15‑9.
19. Mirzaee K, Oladi Ghadikolaee S, Shakeri M, Mousavi Bazzaz S.
Evaluation of the quality of postpartum care based on Bruce
Model in Medical Health Centers of Mashhad City in 2013‑2014.
Iran J Obstet Gynecol Infertil 2015;18:1‑10.
20. Mohaddes Hakkak H, Hosseini S, Farahmand D, Rajabzadeh R,
Saradj Akbari N, Sadeghi A. Investigation of the trend of vital
horoscope indicator in the year following the implementation of
rural family physician plan in North Khorasan Province. J North
Khorasan Univ Med Sci 2018;10:15‑20.
21. Haj Bagheri MA, Parvizi S, Salsali M. Qualitative Research
Methods. Tehran: Boshra Publication; 2015.
22. Speziale H, Carpenter D. Qualitative Research in Nursing:
Advancing the Humanistic Imperative. Philadelphia: Wolters
Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2011.
23. Creswell JW, Creswell JD. Research Design: Qualitative,
Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. Thousand Oaks,
California: SAGE Publications; 2017.
24. Graneheim UH, Lindgren BM, Lundman B. Methodological
challenges in qualitative content analysis: A discussion paper.
Nurse Educ Today 2017;56:29‑34.
25. Mohseni M, Bahadoran P, Abedi H. The quality of postpartum
care from mothers’ viewpoint. Hakim Res J 2009;12:27‑34.
26. Tehrani SG, Samani LN, Foroushani AR, Ebrahimi M, Karimi N.
Evaluation of effect of postpartum care education based on
maternal educational needs on knowledge of postpartum care.
Nurs Midwifery J 2017;15:76‑85.
27. Waltz C, Strickland O, Lenz E. Measurement in Nursing and
Health Research. New York: Springer Publishing; 2017.
28. Polit D, Beck C. Essentials of Nursing Research Methods,
Appraisal, and Utilization. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams &
Wilkins; 2014.
29. Slomian J, Emonts P, Vigneron L, Acconcia A, Glowacz F,
Reginster JY, et al. Oidentifying maternal needs following
childbirth: A qualitative study among mothers, fathers and
professionals. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2017:3;17:213.
30. Martin A, Horowitz C, Balbierz A, Howell EA. Views of Women
and Clinicians on Postpartum Preparation and Recovery Matern
Child Health J 2014;18: 707‑13.
31. Xiao X, Ngai FW, Zhu SN, Loke AY. The experiences of early
postpartum Shenzhen mothers and their need for home visit
services: A qualitative exploratory study. BMC Pregnancy
Childbirth 2019;20:5.
32. Baghirzada L, Ibrahimov F, Macarthur A. Recovery after
childbirth: A qualitative study of postpartum women. Clin Obstet
Gynecol Reprod Med 2018;4:1‑5.
33. Coates R, Ayers S, de Visser R. Women’s experiences of postnatal
distress: A qualitative study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth
2014;14:359.
34. Simbar M, Nahidi F, Ramezani Tehrani F, Ramezankhani A.
Fathers’ educational needs about perinatal care: A qualitative
approach. Hakim Res J 2009;12:19‑31.
35. Zonuzi A, Satarzadeh N, Zamanzadeh V. Recognition of
experienced psychologic varieties in women’s sexual relationship
after childbirth. J Qazvin Univ Med Sci 2008;12:38‑44.
36. Sattarzadeh N, Zonuzi A. A study of women’s sexual experiences
during the postpartum period: A phenomenological study. Med
J Tabriz Univ Med Sci 2007; 29 (3): 59‑66
37. Mohseni M, Loripoor M, Nekuei N. Educational needs of
postpartum period in women referring to health care centers of
Rafsanjan In 2008. Community Health J 2017;7:18‑27.
38. Asgharnia M, Heidarzadeh A, Zahiri Z, Seyhani AR, Pormehr
Yabandeh L, Oudi M. Assessment of women’s knowledge
regarding postpartum complications and cares. J Guilan Univ
Med Sci 2005;14:56‑62.
39. Katherine G. Bowman postpartum learning needs. J Obstet
Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 2005;34:438‑43.
40. Sword W, Watt S. Learning needs of postpartum women: Does
socioeconomic status matter? Birth 2005;32:86‑92.
41. Azizzadeh Forouzi M, Mohamadalizadeh S, Soltanahmadi Z,
Gazanfari Z. Postpartum stressors from mothers point of view.
Iran J Obstet Gynecol Infertil 2010;12:45‑52.
42. Steen M, Francisco AA. Editorial Maternal Mental Health and
Wellbeing B Acta Paul Enfer 2019;32(4):1‑4.
43. Mirmolaei T, Amel Valizadeh M, Mahmoodi M, Tavakol Z. The
effect of postpartum home care on maternal practices in infant
care. Nurs Midwifery J 2012;10:440‑8.
44. Abbasi Z, Keshavarz Z, Abbasi‑Shavazi M, Ebadi A. Factors
affecting on fertility behavior from the perspective of professionals:
A qualitative study. Koomesh 2019;21:155‑63.
)