Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1 Professor, Department of Psychology, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran,
2 Assistant, Department of Psychology, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran
3 Associate, Department of Psychology, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The immense comorbidity among disorders could be ascribed to common
trans‑diagnostic processes. The term trans‑diagnostic has been of interest in both pathology
and psychology. Trans‑diagnostic treatments were created as opposed to treatments based on
single‑diagnosis treatments. It addresses the common underlying mechanisms in a range of comorbid
disorders. Trans‑diagnostic treatment is one of the new psychological treatments, and its efficacy has
been proven on many psychological variables. The main focus of the current study is on designing
unified trans‑diagnostic interventions and their efficacy on the shared mechanisms of comorbid
obsessive personality disorder with anxiety, depression, and obsessive‑compulsive disorder.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: the sequential transformative strategy has two stages; qualitative
and quantitative. In The first and qualitative section of the research, explanatory research will be
carried out to investigate the trans‑diagnostic intervention using a systematic review. To validate
the trans‑diagnostic intervention, and simultaneously with the trans‑diagnostic intervention, a
questionnaire has been prepared and given to 10 psychology experts and professionals in the
treatment field concerning content validity by evaluators.
Quasi‑experimental research will be assessed with a pre‑test, post‑test, and a two‑month follow‑up
after confirming the validity and reliability of the intervention in the quantitative section.
CONCLUSION: Designing unified trans‑diagnosis interventions and their efficacy on the common
mechanisms of comorbid obsessive personality disorder with anxiety, depression, and obsessive‑compulsive
disorder is an effective treatment method for helping those suffering from a personality disorder. Clinical
psychologists, psychology experts, psychiatrists, and mental health experts are all the immediate
beneficiaries of this study. Moreover, clients could benefit from this intervention with less money and time.
Keywords
Manual of Mental Disorders. 5th ed. DSM. American: Psychology
Association Publishing; 2015. p. 1416.
2. Frank RI, Davidson J. The Transdiagnostic Road Map case
Formulation and Treatment Planning (Practical Guidance for
clinical Decision Making): Translation by Mohammadkhani P,
Abasi I, Sarichloo ME. Tehran, Roshdefarhang, New Harbinger
Publications; 2014. 380p.
3. Krueger RF, Markon KE. Reinterpreting comorbidity:
A model‑based approach to understanding and classifying
psychopathology. Annu Rev Clin Psychol 2006;2:111‑33.
4. Taherifar Z. The importance of transdiagnostic approach in
psychopathology and psychotherapy. Rooyesh 2019;8:1‑10.
5. Barlow DH. Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of
Emotional Disorder. Translation by Mohammadi A, Ejiyeh AM,
Mehrabi A. Tehran, Ebnesina, 2011. 184p.
6. Sauer‑Zavala S, Gutner CA, Farchione TJ, Boettcher HT, Bullis JR,
Barlow D H. Current definitions of “transdiagnostic” in treatment
development: A search for consensus. Behav Ther 2017;48:128‑38.
7. Norton PJ, Paulus DJ. Toward a unified treatment for emotional disorders: Update on the science and practice. Behav Ther
2016;47:854‑68.
8. Borkovec TD, Alcaine O, Behar EW. Avoidance theory of worry
and generalized anxiety disorder. Generalized anxiety disorder.
Adv Res Pract 2004;2004:77‑108.
9. Wells, A. Metacognition and worry: A cognitive model
of generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Cogn Psychother
1995;23:301‑20.
10. Beck AT, Rush AJ, Shaw BF, Emery G. Cognitive Therapy of
Depression. New York, The Guilford Press; 1979. [Last access on
2021 Sep 15].
11. Hayes SC, Hofmann SG. The third wave of cognitive behavioral
therapy and the rise of process-based care. World Psychiatry
2017;16:245‑6.
12. Mennin DS, Fresco DM. Emotion regulation therapy. In Gross JJ,
editor. Handbook of Emotion Regulation 2nd ed. New York, NY:
Guilford; 2014. pp. 469‑90. Available from: https://psycnet.apa.
org/record/2013‑44085‑028.
13. Zelkowitz RL, Cole DA. Self‑criticism as a transdiagnostic process
in nonsocial self‑injury and disordered eating: Systematic review
and meta‑analysis. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2019;49:310‑27.
14. Luca M. Maladaptive rumination as a transdiagnostic mediator
of vulnerability and outcome in psychopathology. J Clin Med
2019;8:314.
15. Sloan E, Hall K, Mouldinga R, Brycec S, Mildreda H, Staiger PK.
Emotion regulation as a transdiagnostic treatment construct
across anxiety, depression, substance, eating and borderline
personality disorders: A systematic review. Clin Psychol Rev
2017;57:141‑63.
16. Ammerman RT, Bellack AS, Van Hasselt VB, Ellard KK,
Deckersbach T, Sylvia LG, et al. Transdiagnostic treatment of
bipolar disorder and comorbid anxiety with the unified protocol.
Behav Modif 2012;36:482‑508.
17. Hosseini B. Basics of Personality in Psychotherapy. Tehran, Jangal;
2012. 323p.
18. Marnath GG, Handbook of Psychological Assessment, Translation
by Nasab AH. 5th ed. Tehran: Arjmand; 2016. p. 808.
19. Sadock B, Sadock V, Pedro R. Kaplan and Sadock synopsis of
psychiatry. In: Translation by Gangi M. 11th ed. Tehran: Savalan;
2015. p. 855.
20. An overview of the definition, description and diagnostic
criteria of depression based on the 5th edition of the Statistical
and Diagnostic Manual of Mental Disorders (dsm‑5). J New Dev
Psychol Educ Sci Educ 2020;24:131‑44.
21. Garber J, Zeman J, Walker LS. Recurrent Abdominal Pain in
Children: Psychiatric Diagnoses and Parental Psychopathology.
J.Am.Acad.Child Adolesc.Psychiatry 1990;29:648-56. doi:
10.1097/00004583-199007000-00021.
22. Balley B, Bergeron S. Gravel J, Daoust R. Comparison of four
pain scales in children with acute abdominal pain in a pediatric
emergency department. Ann Emerg Med 2007;50:379‑83.
23. Gontard AV, Moritz AM, Tome‑Granz S, Equit M. Abdominal
pain symptoms are associated with anxiety and depression in
young children. Acta Pædiatr 2015;104:1156‑63.
24. Gulewitsch MD, Weimer K, Enck P, Schwille‑Kiuntke J,
Hautzinger M, Schlarb AA. Stress reactivity in childhood
functional abdominal pain or irritable bowel syndrome. Eur J
Pain 2016;21:166‑77.
25. Sadr A, Doustkam M, Shareh H, Bolghan‑Abadi M. Comparison
of effectiveness of Barlow’s transdiagnostic, and Mennin
and Fresco’s emotion regulation therapy in the symptoms of
generalized anxiety disorder (case study). RBS 2020;18:11‑25.
26. Ghaderi F, Akrami N, Namdari K, Abedi A. Comparing the effects
of integrated cognitive‑behavioral therapy and transdiagnostic
treatment on symptoms of patients with generalized anxiety
disorder comorbid with depression. Iran J Psychiatry Clin Psychol
2022;27:440‑57.
27. Maj M. ‘Psychiatric comorbidity’: An artefact of current
‘Psychiatric comorbidity’: An artefact of current diagnostic
systems? Br J Psychiatry 2005;186:182‑4.
28. Kessler RC, Bromet EJ. The epidemiology of depression across
cultures. Annu Rev Public Health 2013;34:119‑38.
29. Kessler R, Aguilar‑Gaxiola S, Alonso J, Chatterji S, Lee S, Ormel J,
et al. The global burden of mental disorders: An update from the
WHO World Mental Health (WMH) surveys. Epidemiol Psichiatr
Soc 2009;18:23‑33.
30. Akbari M, Roshan R, Shabani A, Fata L, Shairi MR, Zarghami F.
The comparison of the efficacy of transdiagnostic therapy based
on repetitive negative thoughts with unified transdiagnostic
therapy in treatment of patients with co‑occurrence anxiety and
depressive disorders: A randomized clinical trial. Iran J Psychiatr
Clin Psychol 2015;21:88‑107.
31. Barlow DH. Anxiety and its Disorders: The Nature and Treatment
of Anxiety and Panic. 2nd ed. New York: Guilford Press; 2002.
32. Brown TA, Barlow DH. A proposal for a dimensional classification
system based on the shared features of the DSM‑IV anxiety and
mood disorders: Implications for assessment and treatment.
Psychol Assess 2009;21:256‑71.
33. AkbariM, Roshan ChesliR. Comorbidity of depression and anxiety
disorders: The emergence of trans‑diagnostic cognitive‑behavioral
therapy. Clin Psychol Pers2020;15 (1) 28:215‑38.
34. Ehsanmanesh M. Epidemiology of mental disorders in Iran:
A review of research finings. Iran J Psychol ClinPsychol
2001;6:45-69.