Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1 Isfahan University of Medical Sciences
2 Health Management and Economics Research Center, School of Management and Medical Information Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Organizational health (OH) is an organizational aspect in which staff is encouraged
to be clearly involved and participate in decision‑making, problem solving, and collaborating to improve
organizational climate and culture. Multilevel staff involvement facilitates strengthened relationships,
open communication, trust, and organizational commitment. The purpose of this study was to find
components of OH for small‑sized health‑care organizations.
METHODS: A systematic review across three key databases by using an extensive list of keywords
components and interventions was conducted. This survey included studies that explored various
OH elements, components and interventions.
RESULTS: It comprises 34 full‑text studies from 221 received studies. Afterward, the OH elements
were classified into three main categories (OH elements, organizational health literacy, and
organizational health interventions). Then, according to the reviewed data, 23 dimensions were
defined similarly for all groups of studies and relevant explanations related to them were reported.
CONCLUSION: The OH encompasses multiple dimensions. Empirical research is required for
designing a questionnaire according to the final extracted components and measuring its validation
in small‑sized health organizations.
Keywords
1. Ghiasipour M, Mosadeghrad AM, Arab M, Jaafaripooyan E.
Leadership challenges in health care organizations: The case of
Iranian hospitals. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2017;31:96.
2. OrvikA, AxelssonR. Organizational health in health organizations:
Towards a conceptualization. Scand J Caring Sci 2012;26:796‑802.
3. Doğanay E, Dağli A. Organizational health scale: A scale
development study. Int Educ Stud 2020;13:128.
4. Anbari E, Yarmohammadian M, Alavi A. Modeling the ethical
leadership and the organizational trust with the organizational
learning in the work environment. Int J Educ Psychol Res
2016;2:260.
5. Mohammad Mosadegh Rad A, Hossein Yarmohammadian M.
A study of relationship between managers’ leadership style and employees’ job satisfaction. Leadersh Heal Serv 2006;19:11‑28.
6. Aryankhesal A, Hasani M, Niknam N, Safari M, Ranaei A,
Kalteh EA. Staff perspectives on the relationship between
knowledge management and social capital with organizational
health in selected educational hospitals in Tehran. J Educ Health
Promot 2020;9:29.
7. Singh A, Jha S. Scale development of organizational health
construct. Glob Bus Rev 2018;19:357‑75.
8. Brittain AC, Carrington JM. A concept analysis of organizational
health and communication. Nurs Adm Q 2019;43:68‑75.
9. Fridrich A, Bauer GF, Jenny GJ. Development of a Generic
Workshop Appraisal Scale (WASC) for organizational health
interventions and evaluation. Front Psychol 2020;11:2115.
10. Yüceler A, Doǧanalp B, Kaya ŞD. The relation between
organizational health and organizational commitment. Mediterr
J Soc Sci 2013;4:781‑8.
11. Norouzinia R, Ebadi A, Ferdosi M, Masoumi G, Tayebi Z,
Yarmohammadian MH. A systematic review of psychometric
properties of workplace resilience measurement scales. Tpm Test
2020;27:251‑69.
12. Papi A, MosharrafZ, Farashbandi FZ, SamoueiR, Hassanzadeh A.
The effect of bibliotherapy on the psychological capital of the staff
of the School of Management and Medical Informatics of Isfahan
University of Medical Science. J Educ Health Promot 2017;6:31.
13. Barati B, Farzianpour F, Arab M, Rahimi Foroushani A. Evaluation
of the performance of hospitals in Torbat Heydarieh city based on
the pabon lasso model and its relative comparison with national
standards. Torbat Heydariyeh Univ Med Sci 2017;5:48‑55.
14. Karami Matin B, Rezaei S, Sufi M, Kazemi Kariani A. Evaluation
of Kermanshah University of medical sciences teaching hospitals
using Pabon Lasso Model (2006‑2011). Kermanshah Univ Med Sci
1393;18:53‑61.
15. Iravani Tabrizipour AP, Fazli S, Alvandi M. Applying A Fuzzy
AHP and BSC approach for evaluating the performance of
Hasheminejad kidney Center, Iran. Heal Inf Manag 2012;9:327‑38.
16. Shafizadeh H, Moradi Rokabdar Kalaei S. Investigating the
Relationship between Organizational Health and Organizational
Behavior of University Managers; 2017. Available from: https://
www.amar.org.ir/news/ID/5564. [Last accessed on 2022 May 18].
17. Alireza R. Activities of 24,000 Health Units across the Country;
2017. Available from: https://www.isna.ir/news/97052613529/.
[Last accessed on 2022 May 18].
18. Bakhtazma N, Vafaee‑Najar A, Shargh BB. Designing an
organizational health model for Iranian Hospitals. Navid
No 2020;23:13‑28.
19. Bahadori M, Yaghoubi M, Javadi M, Rahimi ZA. Study of
relationship between the organizational structure and market
orientation from the viewpoint of nurse managers. J Educ Health
Promot 2015;4:15.
20. Abdullah AG, Arokiasamy AR. The influence of school culture
and organizational health of secondary school teachers in
Malaysia. Tem J Technol Educ Manag Inform 2016;5:56‑9.
21. Aryankhesal A, Hasani M, Niknam N, Safari M, Ranaei A,
Kalteh EA. Staff perspectives on the relationship between
knowledge management and social capital with organizational
health in selected educational hospitals in Tehran. J Educ Health
Promot. 2020 Feb 28;9:29.
22. Behroozi M, Qasemi L, Khodadadi S, Behroozid S. A survey
of the relationship between the spiritual leadership and the
organizational health in Bushehr’s school province. Irans Aspect
2017;3:179‑85.
23. Bottiani JH, Bradshaw CP, Mendelson T. Promoting an equitable
and supportive school climate in high schools: The role of
school organizational health and staff burnout. J Sch Psychol
2014;52:567‑82.
24. Goodarzi B, Shakeri K, Ghaniyoun A, Heidari M. Assessment
correlation of the organizational agility of human resources with
the performance staff of Tehran Emergency Center. J Educ Health
Promot 2018;7:142.
25. Hussein AH. Relationship between nurses’ and physicians’
perceptions of organizational health and quality of patient care.
East Mediterr Health J 2014;20:634‑42.
26. Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC,
Mulrow CD, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated
guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ 2021;372:n71.
27. Hasani K, Sheikhesmaeili S, Aeini T. The survey of cybernetic
management and its relation to organizational health. Syst Pract
Action Res 2015;28:229‑54.
28. Potter CC, Leake R, Longworth‑Reed L, Altschul I, Rienks S.
Children and youth services review measuring organizational
health in child welfare agencies. Child Youth Serv Rev
2016;61:31‑9.
29. Zahed-Babelan A, Moenikia M. A study of simple and multiple
relations between organizational health and faculty trust in female
high schools. Innov Creat Educ 2010;2:1532-6.
30. Aaby A, Simonsen CB, Ryom K, Maindal HT. Improving
organizational health literacy responsiveness in cardiac
rehabilitation using a co‑design methodology: Results from The
heart skills study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020;17:1015.
31. Aaby A, Palner S, Maindal HT. Fit for diversity: A staff‑driven
organizational development process based on the organizational
health literacy responsiveness framework. Health Lit Res Pract
2020;4:e79‑83.
32. Trezona A, Dodson S, Fitzsimon E, LaMontagne AD, OsborneRH.
Field‑testing and refinement of the organisational health literacy
responsiveness self‑assessment (Org‑HLR) tool and process. Int
J Environ Res Public Health 2020;17:1000.
33. Trezona A, Dodson S, Osborne RH. Development of the
Organisational Health Literacy Responsiveness (Org‑HLR)
self‑assessment tool and process. BMC Health Serv Res
2018;18:694.
34. Prince LY, Schmidtke C, Beck JK, Hadden KB. An assessment
of organizational health literacy practices at an academic health
center. Qual Manag Health Care 2018;27:93‑7.
35. Vamos CA, Thompson EL, Griner SB, Liggett LG, Daley EM.
Applying organizational health literacy to maternal and child
health. Matern Child Health J 2019;23:597‑602.
36. Buruck G, Tomaschek A, Luetke‑Lanfer SS. Burnout prevention
team‑process evaluation of an organizational health intervention.
J Public Heal 2019;27:743‑54.
37. Jalali MS, Rahmandad H, Bullock SL, Ammerman A. Dynamics
of implementation and maintenance of organizational health
interventions. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2017;14:917.
38. TerryPE. On voluntariness in wellness: Considering organizational
health contingent incentives. Am J Health Promot 2019;33:9‑12.
39. Dudek‑Shriber L. Leadership qualities of occupational therapy
department program directors and the organizational health of
their departments. Am J Occup Ther 1997;51:369‑77.
40. Hashemi SA, Mirjafari SA. The role of organizational health and
psychological hardiness in predicting job satisfaction among
employees of special economic zone of Shiraz. Indo Am J Pharm
Sci 2017;4:2497‑501.
41. Hernandez R, Zamora R. The relationship between organizational
health and student achievement in high poverty schools. Int J
Learn Teach Educ Res 2018;17:56‑76.
42. Karami A, Salimian M. Organizational independence pattern of
central bank of the islamic republic of iran based on organizational
health. Postmod Openings 2018;9:86‑100.
43. Rathmann K, Vockert T, Wetzel LD, Lutz J, Dadaczynski K.
Organizational health literacy in facilities for people with
disabilities: First results of an explorative qualitative and
quantitative study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020;17:2886.
44. Farmanova E, Bonneville L, Bouchard L. Organizational
health literacy: Review of theories, frameworks, guides, and implementation issues. Inquiry 2018;55:1‑17.
45. BregaAG, HamerMK, AlbrightK, BrachC, SalibaD, AbbeyD, et al.
Organizational health literacy: Quality improvement measures
with expert consensus. Health Lit Res Pract 2019;3:e127‑46.
46. Weaver NL, Wray RJ, Zellin S, Gautam K, Jupka K. Advancing
organizational health literacy in health care organizations
serving high‑needs populations: A case study. J Health Commun
2012;17 Suppl 3:55‑66.
47. Mehta TG, Atkins MS, Frazier SL. The organizational health of
urban elementary schools: School health and teacher functioning.
School Ment Health 2013;5:144‑54.
48. Wieczorek CC, Ganahl K, Dietscher C. Improving organizational
health literacy in extracurricular youth work settings. Health Lit
Res Pract 2017;1:e233‑8.
49. Browne AJ, Varcoe C, Ford‑Gilboe M, Nadine Wathen C, Smye V,
Jackson BE, et al. Disruption as opportunity: Impacts of an
organizational health equity intervention in primary care clinics.
Int J Equity Health 2018;17:154.
50. Hasson H, von Thiele Schwarz U, Nielsen K, Tafvelin S. Are we all
in the same boat? The role of perceptual distance in organizational
health interventions. Stress Health 2016;32:294‑303.
51. Fridrich A, Jenny GJ, Bauer GF. The context, process, and outcome
evaluation model for organisational health interventions. Biomed
Res Int 2015;2015:414832.
52. Lehmann AI, Brauchli R, Bauer GF. Goal pursuit in organizational
health interventions: The Role of team climate, outcome
expectancy, and implementation intentions. Front Psychol
2019;10:154.
53. Lloyd J, Dougherty L, Dennis S, Attenbrow H, Harris E, Wise M,
et al. Culturally diverse patient experiences and walking
interviews: A co‑design approach to improving organizational
health literacy. Health Lit Res Pract 2019;3:e238‑42.
Leadership challenges in health care organizations: The case of
Iranian hospitals. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2017;31:96.
2. OrvikA, AxelssonR. Organizational health in health organizations:
Towards a conceptualization. Scand J Caring Sci 2012;26:796‑802.
3. Doğanay E, Dağli A. Organizational health scale: A scale
development study. Int Educ Stud 2020;13:128.
4. Anbari E, Yarmohammadian M, Alavi A. Modeling the ethical
leadership and the organizational trust with the organizational
learning in the work environment. Int J Educ Psychol Res
2016;2:260.
5. Mohammad Mosadegh Rad A, Hossein Yarmohammadian M.
A study of relationship between managers’ leadership style and employees’ job satisfaction. Leadersh Heal Serv 2006;19:11‑28.
6. Aryankhesal A, Hasani M, Niknam N, Safari M, Ranaei A,
Kalteh EA. Staff perspectives on the relationship between
knowledge management and social capital with organizational
health in selected educational hospitals in Tehran. J Educ Health
Promot 2020;9:29.
7. Singh A, Jha S. Scale development of organizational health
construct. Glob Bus Rev 2018;19:357‑75.
8. Brittain AC, Carrington JM. A concept analysis of organizational
health and communication. Nurs Adm Q 2019;43:68‑75.
9. Fridrich A, Bauer GF, Jenny GJ. Development of a Generic
Workshop Appraisal Scale (WASC) for organizational health
interventions and evaluation. Front Psychol 2020;11:2115.
10. Yüceler A, Doǧanalp B, Kaya ŞD. The relation between
organizational health and organizational commitment. Mediterr
J Soc Sci 2013;4:781‑8.
11. Norouzinia R, Ebadi A, Ferdosi M, Masoumi G, Tayebi Z,
Yarmohammadian MH. A systematic review of psychometric
properties of workplace resilience measurement scales. Tpm Test
2020;27:251‑69.
12. Papi A, MosharrafZ, Farashbandi FZ, SamoueiR, Hassanzadeh A.
The effect of bibliotherapy on the psychological capital of the staff
of the School of Management and Medical Informatics of Isfahan
University of Medical Science. J Educ Health Promot 2017;6:31.
13. Barati B, Farzianpour F, Arab M, Rahimi Foroushani A. Evaluation
of the performance of hospitals in Torbat Heydarieh city based on
the pabon lasso model and its relative comparison with national
standards. Torbat Heydariyeh Univ Med Sci 2017;5:48‑55.
14. Karami Matin B, Rezaei S, Sufi M, Kazemi Kariani A. Evaluation
of Kermanshah University of medical sciences teaching hospitals
using Pabon Lasso Model (2006‑2011). Kermanshah Univ Med Sci
1393;18:53‑61.
15. Iravani Tabrizipour AP, Fazli S, Alvandi M. Applying A Fuzzy
AHP and BSC approach for evaluating the performance of
Hasheminejad kidney Center, Iran. Heal Inf Manag 2012;9:327‑38.
16. Shafizadeh H, Moradi Rokabdar Kalaei S. Investigating the
Relationship between Organizational Health and Organizational
Behavior of University Managers; 2017. Available from: https://
www.amar.org.ir/news/ID/5564. [Last accessed on 2022 May 18].
17. Alireza R. Activities of 24,000 Health Units across the Country;
2017. Available from: https://www.isna.ir/news/97052613529/.
[Last accessed on 2022 May 18].
18. Bakhtazma N, Vafaee‑Najar A, Shargh BB. Designing an
organizational health model for Iranian Hospitals. Navid
No 2020;23:13‑28.
19. Bahadori M, Yaghoubi M, Javadi M, Rahimi ZA. Study of
relationship between the organizational structure and market
orientation from the viewpoint of nurse managers. J Educ Health
Promot 2015;4:15.
20. Abdullah AG, Arokiasamy AR. The influence of school culture
and organizational health of secondary school teachers in
Malaysia. Tem J Technol Educ Manag Inform 2016;5:56‑9.
21. Aryankhesal A, Hasani M, Niknam N, Safari M, Ranaei A,
Kalteh EA. Staff perspectives on the relationship between
knowledge management and social capital with organizational
health in selected educational hospitals in Tehran. J Educ Health
Promot. 2020 Feb 28;9:29.
22. Behroozi M, Qasemi L, Khodadadi S, Behroozid S. A survey
of the relationship between the spiritual leadership and the
organizational health in Bushehr’s school province. Irans Aspect
2017;3:179‑85.
23. Bottiani JH, Bradshaw CP, Mendelson T. Promoting an equitable
and supportive school climate in high schools: The role of
school organizational health and staff burnout. J Sch Psychol
2014;52:567‑82.
24. Goodarzi B, Shakeri K, Ghaniyoun A, Heidari M. Assessment
correlation of the organizational agility of human resources with
the performance staff of Tehran Emergency Center. J Educ Health
Promot 2018;7:142.
25. Hussein AH. Relationship between nurses’ and physicians’
perceptions of organizational health and quality of patient care.
East Mediterr Health J 2014;20:634‑42.
26. Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC,
Mulrow CD, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated
guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ 2021;372:n71.
27. Hasani K, Sheikhesmaeili S, Aeini T. The survey of cybernetic
management and its relation to organizational health. Syst Pract
Action Res 2015;28:229‑54.
28. Potter CC, Leake R, Longworth‑Reed L, Altschul I, Rienks S.
Children and youth services review measuring organizational
health in child welfare agencies. Child Youth Serv Rev
2016;61:31‑9.
29. Zahed-Babelan A, Moenikia M. A study of simple and multiple
relations between organizational health and faculty trust in female
high schools. Innov Creat Educ 2010;2:1532-6.
30. Aaby A, Simonsen CB, Ryom K, Maindal HT. Improving
organizational health literacy responsiveness in cardiac
rehabilitation using a co‑design methodology: Results from The
heart skills study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020;17:1015.
31. Aaby A, Palner S, Maindal HT. Fit for diversity: A staff‑driven
organizational development process based on the organizational
health literacy responsiveness framework. Health Lit Res Pract
2020;4:e79‑83.
32. Trezona A, Dodson S, Fitzsimon E, LaMontagne AD, OsborneRH.
Field‑testing and refinement of the organisational health literacy
responsiveness self‑assessment (Org‑HLR) tool and process. Int
J Environ Res Public Health 2020;17:1000.
33. Trezona A, Dodson S, Osborne RH. Development of the
Organisational Health Literacy Responsiveness (Org‑HLR)
self‑assessment tool and process. BMC Health Serv Res
2018;18:694.
34. Prince LY, Schmidtke C, Beck JK, Hadden KB. An assessment
of organizational health literacy practices at an academic health
center. Qual Manag Health Care 2018;27:93‑7.
35. Vamos CA, Thompson EL, Griner SB, Liggett LG, Daley EM.
Applying organizational health literacy to maternal and child
health. Matern Child Health J 2019;23:597‑602.
36. Buruck G, Tomaschek A, Luetke‑Lanfer SS. Burnout prevention
team‑process evaluation of an organizational health intervention.
J Public Heal 2019;27:743‑54.
37. Jalali MS, Rahmandad H, Bullock SL, Ammerman A. Dynamics
of implementation and maintenance of organizational health
interventions. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2017;14:917.
38. TerryPE. On voluntariness in wellness: Considering organizational
health contingent incentives. Am J Health Promot 2019;33:9‑12.
39. Dudek‑Shriber L. Leadership qualities of occupational therapy
department program directors and the organizational health of
their departments. Am J Occup Ther 1997;51:369‑77.
40. Hashemi SA, Mirjafari SA. The role of organizational health and
psychological hardiness in predicting job satisfaction among
employees of special economic zone of Shiraz. Indo Am J Pharm
Sci 2017;4:2497‑501.
41. Hernandez R, Zamora R. The relationship between organizational
health and student achievement in high poverty schools. Int J
Learn Teach Educ Res 2018;17:56‑76.
42. Karami A, Salimian M. Organizational independence pattern of
central bank of the islamic republic of iran based on organizational
health. Postmod Openings 2018;9:86‑100.
43. Rathmann K, Vockert T, Wetzel LD, Lutz J, Dadaczynski K.
Organizational health literacy in facilities for people with
disabilities: First results of an explorative qualitative and
quantitative study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020;17:2886.
44. Farmanova E, Bonneville L, Bouchard L. Organizational
health literacy: Review of theories, frameworks, guides, and implementation issues. Inquiry 2018;55:1‑17.
45. BregaAG, HamerMK, AlbrightK, BrachC, SalibaD, AbbeyD, et al.
Organizational health literacy: Quality improvement measures
with expert consensus. Health Lit Res Pract 2019;3:e127‑46.
46. Weaver NL, Wray RJ, Zellin S, Gautam K, Jupka K. Advancing
organizational health literacy in health care organizations
serving high‑needs populations: A case study. J Health Commun
2012;17 Suppl 3:55‑66.
47. Mehta TG, Atkins MS, Frazier SL. The organizational health of
urban elementary schools: School health and teacher functioning.
School Ment Health 2013;5:144‑54.
48. Wieczorek CC, Ganahl K, Dietscher C. Improving organizational
health literacy in extracurricular youth work settings. Health Lit
Res Pract 2017;1:e233‑8.
49. Browne AJ, Varcoe C, Ford‑Gilboe M, Nadine Wathen C, Smye V,
Jackson BE, et al. Disruption as opportunity: Impacts of an
organizational health equity intervention in primary care clinics.
Int J Equity Health 2018;17:154.
50. Hasson H, von Thiele Schwarz U, Nielsen K, Tafvelin S. Are we all
in the same boat? The role of perceptual distance in organizational
health interventions. Stress Health 2016;32:294‑303.
51. Fridrich A, Jenny GJ, Bauer GF. The context, process, and outcome
evaluation model for organisational health interventions. Biomed
Res Int 2015;2015:414832.
52. Lehmann AI, Brauchli R, Bauer GF. Goal pursuit in organizational
health interventions: The Role of team climate, outcome
expectancy, and implementation intentions. Front Psychol
2019;10:154.
53. Lloyd J, Dougherty L, Dennis S, Attenbrow H, Harris E, Wise M,
et al. Culturally diverse patient experiences and walking
interviews: A co‑design approach to improving organizational
health literacy. Health Lit Res Pract 2019;3:e238‑42.
)