Journal of Education and Health Promotion

The effect of educational intervention based on the health belief model on knowledge, attitude, and function of women about Pap smear test at Iranian health centers: A randomized controlled clinical trial

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

. Elahe Samami
. Seyed Jalil Seyedi‑ Andi 1
. Beyrambibi Bayat 2
. Davoud Shojaeizadeh 3
. Neda Ahmadzadeh Tori 4

1 Assistant Professor of Health Education and Promotion, Department of Public Health, School of Public Health Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute Babol University of Medical Sciences , Babol, Iran,

2 Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,

3 Department of Health Education and Promotion, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

4 Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to examine the effect of educational intervention
using the health belief model on knowledge, attitude, and function of women about Pap test at health
centers.
METHODOLOGY: This randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on 120 women who
were allocated into two groups (intervention = 60 and control = 60). The sampling method was a
multistage cluster. The training was provided in two sessions for 90 min. Data gathering tool was
a 4‑part researcher‑made questionnaire including demographic characteristics, knowledge, health
belief model structures, and function. Women were evaluated and completed the questionnaire in two
stages (before and 2 months after training). Data were analyzed by Kolmogorov–Smirnov, Wilcoxon,
linear regression, Mann–Whitney U‑test, Fisher, Chi‑square, and marginal homogeneity tests.
RESULTS: At baseline, there was no significant difference between the groups regarding the mean of
knowledge and the structures of health belief model scores. The average scores of participants in terms
of health belief model structures were increased significantly after the training sessions. Furthermore,
the comparison of the performance of Pap smear before training showed that in the intervention
group (23.3%) and in the control group (31.7%), there was no significant difference in terms of the
history of performing the Pap smear test (P = 0.414). However, a significant difference (P = 0.001)
was observed after training in the intervention group (31.7%) and in the control group (3.3%).
CONCLUSION: Educational intervention using the health belief model is effective in increasing
knowledge, attitude, and function of women in terms of providing useful and required education.


Keywords

Attitude
health belief model
knowledge
Pap smear
performance
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Journal of Education and Health Promotion
Volume 11, Issue 1
January 2021
Pages 1-6

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