Document Type : Original Article
Authors
- . Nehleh Parandavar
- . Mohsen Hojat
- . Khadijeh Abdali 1
- . Sara Keshtgar 2
- . Masoumeh Emamghoreishi 3
- . Babak Shirazi Yeganeh 4
1 Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Departments of Midwifery,
2 Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Departments of Physiology,
3 Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Departments of Pharmacology Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
4 Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Departments of Pathology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular diseases are the major public health problem in many countries
and are responsible for more than half of the deaths in above 50‑year‑old women. The most common
curable risk factor of these disorders is hypoestrogenemia resulting from menopause. The present
study aimed to investigate the effect of melatonin on plasma lipid levels in menopausal women.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present double‑blind, placebo‑controlled, clinical trial was
conducted in 2013–2014 on 240 menopausal women between 40 and 60 years old referring to
the Gynecology and obstetrics clinics of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences who were randomly
divided into two groups. The intervention group received 3 mg melatonin tablets and the control
group received the placebo for 3 months. The data were gathered using the demographic information
questionnaire and lipid profile test before and 3 months after the intervention. Then, the data were
analyzed through the SPSS statistical software (version 16). The repeated measures analysis of
variance, the least significant difference, the independent‑sample t, the Chi‑square, and Fisher’s
exact tests were done for data analysis.
RESULTS: The two study groups were similar regarding the demographic and clinical variables
at the beginning of the study. In the melatonin group, the amount of triglyceride increased from
140.34 ± 48.29 before the study to 151.24 ± 54.60 3 months after the intervention and no significant
difference was observed between the two groups in this regard (confidence interval [CI] = 95%,
P > 0.05). In addition, no significant difference was found between the two groups concerning
low‑density lipoprotein cholesterol level (CI = 95%, P = 0.125).
CONCLUSION: Melatonin was not effective in reduction of lipid levels. However, further controlled
studies are needed to be conducted on the issue.
Keywords
- Hardeland R, Pandi‑Perumal SR. Melatonin, a potent agent in
antioxidative defense: Actions as a natural food constituent,
gastrointestinal factor, drug and prodrug. Nutr Metab (Lond)
2005;2:22.
2. Tan DX, Manchester LC, Fuentes‑Broto L, Paredes SD, Reiter RJ.
Significance and application of melatonin in the regulation of
brown adipose tissue metabolism: Relation to human obesity.
Obes Rev 2011;12:167‑88.
3. Guven A, Yavuz O, Cam M, Ercan F, Bukan N, Comunoglu C,
et al. Melatonin protects against epirubicin‑induced cardiotoxicity.
Acta Histochem 2007;109:52‑60.
4. Speroff L, Fritz MA. Clinical Gynecologic Endocrinology and
Infertility. 7th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins;
2005. p. 260‑320.
5. Danesh KojoriM, Saeed FatamiN, MohammadiR, Naisani Samani,
Safavi S. Women ‘s Health in Life Cycle. 1st ed. Tehran: Nordanesh;
2009. p. 123‑46.
6. Parandavar N, Abdali K, Keshtgar S, Emamghoreishi M,
Amooee S, Mosalanejad L. The effect of melatonin on sexual
function among postmenopausal women: A randomized
placebo‑controlled trial. Nurs Midwifery Stud 2017;6:149‑55.
7. Moghassemi S, Ziaei S, Heydari Z. Comparative effect of the
conventional hormone replacement therapy and tibolone on
sexual performance in postmenopausal women. Arak Med Univ
J 2011;14:104-13.
8. Hall JE, Guyton AC. Textbook of Medical Physiology. 12th ed.
Philadelphia: Elsevier/Saunders; 2011. p. 996‑1026.
9. Toffol E, Kalleinen N, Haukka J, Vakkuri O, Partonen T,
Polo‑Kantola P, et al. Melatonin in perimenopausal and
postmenopausal women: Associations with mood, sleep,
climacteric symptoms, and quality of life. Menopause
2014;21:493‑500.
10. Parandavar N, Abdali K, Keshtgar S, Emamghoreishi M,
Amooee S. The effect of melatonin on climacteric symptoms in
menopausal women; A double‑blind, randomized controlled,
clinical trial. Iran J Public Health 2014;43:1405‑16.
11. Subramanian P, Mirunalini S, Pandi‑Perumal SR, Trakht I,
Cardinali DP. Melatonin treatment improves the antioxidant
status and decreases lipid content in brain and liver of rats. Eur
J Pharmacol 2007;571:116‑9.
12. Hussain SA. Effect of melatonin on cholesterol absorption in rats.
J Pineal Res 2007;42:267‑71.
13. Ismael S, Hussain S, Numan N. Hypolipidemic effect of melatonin
in dyslipidemia associated with diabetes. Iraqi Postgrad Med
J2004;3:223‑6.
14. Hussain SA, Hussein KI, Saieed BN. Improvement of the
hypolipidemic effect of lovastatin with melatonin. Iraqi Postgrad
Med J 2004;6:73‑8.
15. Al-Mahbashy H, Hussain S, Numan N. Effect of melatonin in
oxidative stress, protein Glycation, microalbuminuria and lipid
profile in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Iraqi J Pharm Sci 2006;15:17‑32.
16. Wakatsuki A, Okatani Y, Ikenoue N, Kaneda C, Fukaya T.
Effects of short‑term melatonin administration on lipoprotein
metabolism in normolipidemic postmenopausal women.
Maturitas 2001;38:171‑7.
17. Friedewald WT, Levy RI, Fredrickson DS. Estimation of the
concentration of low‑density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma,
without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clin Chem
1972;18:499‑502.
18. Katzung BG, Masters SB, Trevor AJ. Basic and Clinical
Pharmacology. 11th ed. New York: McGraw‑Hill Medical; 2009.
p. 240‑375.
19. García JJ, López‑Pingarrón L, Almeida‑Souza P, Tres A,
Escudero P, García‑Gil FA, et al. Protective effects of melatonin
in reducing oxidative stress and in preserving the fluidity of
biological membranes: A review. J Pineal Res 2014;56:225‑37.
20. Hussein MR, Ahmed OG, Hassan AF, Ahmed MA. Intake of
melatonin is associated with amelioration of physiological
changes, both metabolic and morphological pathologies
associated with obesity: An animal model. Int J Exp Pathol
2007;88:19‑29.
21. Kadhim HM, Ismail SH, Hussein KI, Bakir IH, Sahib AS,
Khalaf BH, et al. Effects of melatonin and zinc on lipid profile and
renal function in type 2 diabetic patients poorly controlled with
metformin. J Pineal Res 2006;41:189‑93.
22. Koziróg M, Poliwczak AR, Duchnowicz P, Koter‑Michalak M,
Sikora J, Broncel M, et al. Melatonin treatment improves blood
pressure, lipid profile, and parameters of oxidative stress in
patients with metabolic syndrome. J Pineal Res 2011;50:261‑6.
23. Dauchy RT, Blask DE, Sauer LA, Davidson LK, Krause JA,
Smith LC, et al. Physiologic melatonin concentration, omega‑3
fatty acids, and conjugated linoleic acid inhibit fatty acid
transport in rodent hind limb skeletal muscle in vivo. Comp Med
2003;53:186‑90.
24. WakatsukiA, SagaraY. Lipoprotein metabolism in postmenopausal
and oophorectomized women. Obstet Gynecol 1995;85:523‑8.
25. Tamura H, Nakamura Y, Narimatsu A, Yamagata Y, Takasaki A,
Reiter RJ, et al. Melatonin treatment in peri‑ and postmenopausal
women elevates serum high‑density lipoprotein cholesterol
levels without influencing total cholesterol levels. J Pineal Res
2008;45:101‑5 - 26. Lercher P, Stoschitzky K, Sakotnik A, Liebmann P, Klein W.
Melatonin in patients with coronary artery disease, hypertensive
heart disease and dilated cardiomyopathy. Atherosclerosis
2000;151:203.
27. Reiter RJ, Tan DX, Terron MP, Flores LJ, Czarnocki Z. Melatonin
and its metabolites: New findings regarding their production
and their radical scavenging actions. Acta Biochim Pol
2007;54:1‑9.
28. Agil A, Navarro‑Alarcón M, Ruiz R, Abuhamadah S, El‑Mir MY,
Vázquez GF, et al. Beneficial effects of melatonin on obesity and
lipid profile in young zucker diabetic fatty rats. J Pineal Res
2011;50:207‑12.
29. Mitra A, Bhahachrya D. Effect of melatonin in mild diabetics with
dislipidemia. J Hum Ecol 2008;23:109‑14.
30. Sudhakumari CC, Haldar C, Senthilkumaran B. Seasonal changes
in adrenal and gonadal activity in the quail, perdicula asiatica:
Involvement of the pineal gland. Comp Biochem Physiol B
Biochem Mol Biol 2001;128:793‑804.
31. Nishida S, Segawa T, Murai I, Nakagawa S. Long‑term melatonin
administration reduces hyperinsulinemia and improves the altered
fatty‑acid compositions in type 2 diabetic rats via the restoration
of delta‑5 desaturase activity. J Pineal Res 2002;32:26‑33.
)