Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 National Tobacco Control Secretariat, Ministry of Health

2 Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj

3 Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Khorasgan (Isfahan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan

4 Social Security Organization-Deputy of Treatment,

5 Nursing Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences

6 Tobacco Prevention and Control Research Center, Medical University of Shahid Beheshti, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Context:Studies on the World Health Organization Frame‑work Convention on Tobacco Control(FCTC)
are scarce in Iran and the Eastern Mediterranean region (EMR). Aim: This study was conducted in
2007‑2008 in Iran to design a practical evaluation model of the implementation of FCTC with the
potential to be adopted in the EMR. Given that, the findings of this evaluation can be useful in increasing
political and public support for enforcing the implementation of legislations, testing their feasibility, and
maintaining sustainability. The viewpoints of tobacco growers as part of stakeholders in this regardwould
have an influential role. Settings and Design:This study was a qualitative one to investigate the tobacco
growers viewpoints about thestrengths/weaknesses of FCTC implementation in Iran. Materials and
Methods: In this study, we conducted semi‑structured in‑depth individual interviews with 5 tobacco
growers. All interviews were carried out with their permissionwere recorded and were assured that
their interviews will be kept confidential. All questions were related to different FCTC articles, then
written transcripts were prepared and the basic concepts were extrapolated. Statistical Analysis:After
transcribing the recorded interviews, we extracted first level codes and main concepts from them.
Results: The findings suggested that although tobacco growers agreed with FCTC implementation,
however, subjects like the necessity to support tobacco growers and obtaining insurance from the
government, the necessity of the enforcement of national tobacco control law and planning to decrease
access to tobacco by policy makers were the most key points that tobacco growers pointed to them.
Conclusion: Our results showed that tobacco growers agreed with the implementation of FCTC but
they worried about their job and the expenses of their daily life. Therefore, it seems that policy makers
have to design a plan to support tobacco growers for changing tobacco with a safe cultivate.

Keywords

1. Mamudu HM, Hammond R, Glantz S. Tobacco industry attempts to
counter the World Bank report Curbing the Epidemic and obstruct
the WHO framework convention on tobacco control. Soc Sci Med
2008;67:1690‑9.
2. Hafez N, Ling PM. How Philip Morris built Marlboro into a global
brand for young adults: Implications for international tobacco
control. Tob Control 2005;14:262‑71.
3. Park K, Kim DS, Park DJ, Lee SK. Tobacco control in Korea. Med
Law 2004;23:759‑80.
4. Edwards R, Thomson G, Wilson N, Waa A, Bullen C, O’Dea D, et al.
After the smoke has cleared: Evaluation of the impact of a new
national smoke‑free law in New Zealand. Tob Control 2008;17:e2.
5. Pérez‑Martín J, Peruga A. The International Association of Tobacco
Growers attacks WHO. Rev PanamSaludPublica 2003;13:267‑70.
6. Rabiei K, Kelishadi R, Sarrafzadegan N, Abedi HA, Alavi M,
Heidari K, et al. Process evaluation of a community‑based program
for prevention and control of non‑communicable disease in a
developing country: The Isfahan Healthy Heart Program, Iran. BMC
Public Health 2009;9:57.
7. Sarrafzadegan N, Baghaei A, Sadri G, Kelishadi R, Malekafzali H,
Boshtam M, et al. Isfahan healthy heart program: Evaluation
of comprehensive, community‑based interventions for
non‑communicable disease prevention. Prevention and Control
2006;2:73‑84.
8. Interactive Word‑based WHO FCTC Reporting Instrument and
Cover Note/Instructions, 2013. Available from: http://www.who.
int/tobacco/framework/cop/reporting_instrument/en/.
9. The International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Project Official
Website, 2013. Available from: http://www.itcproject.org.
10. Sarrafzadegan N, Kelishadi R, Rabiei K, Abedi H, Mohaseli KF,
MasoolehHA, etal. Acomprehensive model to evaluate implementation
of the World Health Organization framework convention of tobacco
control. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res 2012; 17:244‑54
11. Sarrafzadegan N, Rabiei K, Abedi H, Kelishadi R, Fereydoun
Mohaseli K, Alavi M, et al. Developed indicators to evaluate the
international framework convention on tobacco control in Iran:
A grounded theory study. Iran J Med Sci [In Press].
12. Siahpush M, McNeill A, Borland R, Fong GT. Socioeconomic
variations in nicotine dependence, self‑efficacy, and intention
to quit across four countries: Findings from the International
Tobacco Control (ITC) Four Country Survey. Tob Control
2006;15:iii71‑5.
13. Sinha DN, Reddy KS, Rahman K, Warren CW, Jones NR, Asma S.
Linking Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) data to the WHO
framework convention on tobacco control: The case for India.
Indian J Public Health 2006;50:76‑89.
14. Thrasher JF, Chaloupka F, Hammond D, Fong G, Borland R,
Hastings G, et al. Evaluating tobacco control policy in Latin American
countries during the era of the Framework Convention on Tobacco
Control. Salud PublicaMex 2006;48:S155‑66.
15. Borland R, Yong HH, Cummings KM, Hyland A, Anderson S,
Fong GT. Determinants and consequences of smoke‑free homes:
Findings from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Four Country
Survey. Tob Control 2006;15:iii42‑50