Journal of Education and Health Promotion 2277-9531 10 6 2020 06 01 Neurophysiological parameters of sensory perception and cognition among different modalities of learners 1 10 29106 EN . Rachna Parashar . Mukesh Shukla Department of Community Medicine, Vir Chandra Singh Garhwali Government Institute of Medical Science and Research, Srinagar, Uttarakhand . Abhimanyu Ganguly Department of Physiology, AIIMS, Patna, Bihar, India . Sandip M. Hulke Journal Article 2023 03 02 INTRODUCTION: Different types of learners based on sensory modalities are observed. Cognition or<br />physiological alterations in the sensory pathways might play its role in different modalities of visual,<br />auditory, read and write, and kinesthetic learners which are based on different sensory modalities<br />of perception<br />OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to ascertain an objective parameter (neurophysiological<br />parameters) for the classification of learners based on their preferred sensory modality<br />MATERIALS AND METHODS: An experimental cross‑sectional study was conducted among<br />100 medical students. Learners were classified into visual, auditory, read‑write, and kinesthetic<br />learners based on the interpretation drawn on the basis of the VARK questionnaire. Sensory‑evoked<br />potentials (SEPs), including pattern shift visual (PSVEPs), brain stem auditory (BAEPs), short‑latency<br />somatosensory (SSEP), and event‑related potentials (P300) were measured. SEPs measured in<br />microvolts were recorded from the scalp with the help of active and reference electrodes. Multiple<br />responses to sensory stimuli (using NIHON KOHDEN Corporation Neuropack X1, Tokyo, Japan)<br />were recored and averaged using the computerized signal averging technique.<br />RESULTS: No statistically significant difference was observed in conduction velocities (in terms of<br />latency and amplitude) of SEP among different type of learners, except latency N145 wave form in<br />VEP (P < 0.05). A characteristic pattern of minimal comparative latency was observed among the<br />majority of visual learners. Similary, P300 has shown a characteristic pattern of decreased comparative<br />latency among majority of read and write learners.<br />CONCLUSION: Study findings suggested that among existing teaching and learning modalities,<br />visual modalities were observed faster but to retain it in memory and for abstract thinking, students<br />should utilize read and writing skills which are lacking in the era of digitalization and overuse of<br />electronic devices.<br /><br /> https://jehp.mui.ac.ir/article_29106_cdbb5001c63abda178107489b9f54eb7.pdf