Journal of Education and Health Promotion

Psychometric evaluation of the Arabic version of the Perceived Stress Scale in clinical practicum: Validity and reliability in the Moroccan nursing students

. Jamal Ksiksou; . Lhoussaine Maskour; . Anis Sfendla; . Moulay Smail Alaoui

Volume 12, Issue 9 , October 2022, , Pages 1-7

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: During clinical practicum, nursing students are subjected to stressors that canaffect their well‑being, academic performance, and technical skills. The purpose of this ...  Read More BACKGROUND: During clinical practicum, nursing students are subjected to stressors that canaffect their well‑being, academic performance, and technical skills. The purpose of this study was toevaluate the psychometric properties of the Arabic version of the Perceived Stress Scale of ClinicalPracticum (PSS‑CP) in a sample of Moroccan nursing students.MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, a translation and back‑translation method andcomparisons were made with the original version. The study population consisted of 215 nursingstudents. The construct validity of PSS‑CP was measured using exploratory (EFA) and confirmatoryfactor analysis (CFA). Convergent validity was demonstrated by correlation with the Arabic versionof the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS‑21). For reliability, Cronbach’s alpha and test–re‑test reliability (with a 10‑day interval) were used. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS StatisticsV. 23.0 (SPSS) and AMOS V.21.0 (SPSS) software.RESULTS: The results showed that the PSS‑CP is a reliable and valid scale with good internalconsistency and test–re‑test reliability. In terms of convergent validity, the PSS‑CP showed a positiveand significant correlation with the DASS‑21 scale items. The results of this study led to a two‑factormodel consisting of 29 items.CONCLUSION: The PSS‑CP is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing clinical stressors amongnursing students in Morocco.

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Psychometric analysis of Persian version of patient safety competency self‑evaluation in psychiatric wards

. Mahya Torkaman; . Marzieh Momennasab; . Shahrzad Yektatalab; . Mahin Eslami Shahrbabaki

Volume 12, Issue 5 , June 2022, , Pages 1-7

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Assessment of the patient safety competency is necessary for the growth of nursingand safe care profession as well as evaluation of the nurses’ educational needs. ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Assessment of the patient safety competency is necessary for the growth of nursingand safe care profession as well as evaluation of the nurses’ educational needs. The present studywas conducted to determine psychometric properties of the Persian version of the patient safetycompetency self‑evaluation (PSCSE) tool in Iranian psychiatric wards.MATERIALS AND METHODS: All nurses (n = 209) working in two psychiatric hospitals of Kerman,Iran, were included in the present cross‑sectional study using census method. This tool contains 41items: six items are related to knowledge, 14 items deal with attitude, and 21 items are about skilldimension. Psychometric properties of the questionnaire including its content and face validity werealso examined. The factor structure of the questionnaire was evaluated using exploratory factoranalysis. The internal consistency and reliability were assessed by test–retest method with an intervalof 14 days. Cronbach’s alpha and corrected item‑total correlation were used to measure reliability.RESULTS: The content validity index was 0.65 and the content validity ratio was 0.89. Item 14 wasremoved from the skill domain because it was not related to the psychiatric ward. According to theresults of factor analysis, there was a significant relationship between the questions and the relevantfactors. The correlation coefficient for test–retest with 14 days interval was intraclass correlationcoefficient = 0.92 for the whole instrument and 0.89, 0.89, and 0.92 for the domains of knowledge,attitude, and skill, respectively. The internal consistency coefficient (Cronbach’s alpha) of the wholetool was 0.95 and 0.95, 0.79, and 0.95 for the domains of knowledge, attitude, and skill, respectively.Finally, PSCSE Questionnaire was obtained with 40 items in dimensions of knowledge (6 items),attitude (14 items), and skills (20 items).CONCLUSION: Persian version of the nurses’ competency tool in ensuring patient safety in psychiatricwards has acceptable psychometric characteristics.

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Online learning self‑efficacy: A necessity for virtual education

. Habibeh Ahmadipour

Volume 12, Issue 4 , April 2022, , Pages 1-4

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Online learning self‑efficacy is considered a major contributor to academic success. The present study was conducted to assess the psychometric properties of the ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Online learning self‑efficacy is considered a major contributor to academic success. The present study was conducted to assess the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Online Learning Self‑Efficacy Scale.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross‑sectional study was conducted on 211 medical students at Kerman University of Medical Sciences in 2021 who were selected through the convenience method. Data were collected using a two‑part self‑administered online questionnaire containing demographic information and the Persian version of the Online Learning Self‑Efficacy Scale (OLSES). Forward and back‑translation methods were used to provide the Persian version of OLSES. Internal consistency of the Persian version was determined by the Cronbach alpha coefficient in a pilot study. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted using SPSS version 20.0 and LISREL version 8.80.RESULTS: The mean of the participants’ age was 21.40 ± 2.52 years, and most of them (56.4%) were female. The Cronbach alpha coefficient was determined as 0.74, 0.90, 0.75, and 0.89 for learning, time management, technology use subscales, and the whole scale, respectively. Exploratory factors analysis revealed the justifiability of factor analysis. In confirmatory factor analysis, most of the goodness of fit indices had an acceptable level.CONCLUSIONS: Our study found that the Persian version of OLSES had good psychometric properties and can be used as a simple, valid, and reliable tool to assess students’ self‑efficacy related to the e‑learning environment.

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Psychometric properties of the Persian version of System for Evaluation of Teaching Qualities by students: A tool for assessing clinical tutors from students’ viewpoint

. Fateme Tahmasebi Boldaji; . Mitra Amini; . Mohammad Mahdi Parvizi

Volume 12, Issue 3 , March 2022, , Pages 1-9

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Effective clinical teaching is crucially important for patient care in future. Therefore, proper clinical training is essential to make physicians capable of delivering ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Effective clinical teaching is crucially important for patient care in future. Therefore, proper clinical training is essential to make physicians capable of delivering high‑quality health care.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study was a cross‑sectional research. After translating the questionnaire into Persian, it was distributed among medical students in the clinical years of medical education in teaching hospitals affiliated to Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences in 2018. The System for Evaluation of Teaching Qualities (SETQ) has 25 questions in a 6‑scale Likert scale that evaluates clinical tutors in five dimensions of teaching and learning environment, professional attitude toward students, transferring of goals, evaluation of students, feedback, and promoting self‑directed learning. Instrument reliability was assessed by calculating the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, whereas questionnaire content validity was evaluated by relative content validity ratio (CVR) and content validity index (CVI). To evaluate the structural validity, an exploratory factor analysis was conducted.RESULTS: The SETQ was completed by 127 medical students. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of the total questionnaire was estimated as 0.908. The factor analysis showed that the questionnaire was composed of six factors, explaining 66.14% of the total variance. The CVI and CVR indices of the individual items were also acceptable.CONCLUSION: The findings of our study showed that the Persian version of SETQ questionnaire had the acceptable reliability and validity to be used in assessing clinical tutors in different hospitals in Iran.

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Reliability and validity of a satisfaction questionnaire on virtual education in the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic era aimed at cardiology faculty members

. Bahram Mohebbi; . Parham Sadeghipour; . Feridoun Noohi; . Majid Maleki; . Mohammad Mehdi Peighambari; . Saeid Hosseini; . Ali Zahedmehr; . Jamal Moosavi; . Omid Shafe; . Mohammad Javad Alemzadeh‑Ansari; . Melody Farrashi; . Hamidreza Pouraliakbar; . Behshid Ghadrdoost

Volume 12, Issue 2 , February 2022, , Pages 1-5

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: In the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic era, clinical programs and mandatory hands‑on activities have been supplanted by remote teaching to maintain the fundamental ...  Read More BACKGROUND: In the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic era, clinical programs and mandatory hands‑on activities have been supplanted by remote teaching to maintain the fundamental capabilities of medical training and to furnish medical students with quality education. Nonetheless, the satisfaction of faculty members with this training method in the current pandemic has yet to be assessed. The aim of this study was to design a Persian questionnaire with appropriate validity and reliability on cardiology professors’ satisfaction level with virtual education.MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cross‑sectional study, a questionnaire was devised drawing upon scientific sources and Iranian medical educators’ expertise. Seventeen faculty members in various specialties evaluated the questionnaire concerning face and content validity. Content validity was assessed through the calculation of the content validity ratio (CVR) (values >0.62 were considered acceptable) and the content validity index (CVI) (values >0.79 were considered acceptable), construct validity was evaluated through principal component factor analysis by the Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin (KMO) statistic and Bartlett’s sphericity test, internal reliability was measured through the calculation of Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, and consistency was appraised through the use of test‑retest reliability at two different time points.RESULTS: The questionnaire had a reliability rate of 95%, indicating high internal validity. Concerning test‑retest reliability, the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.96 (P < 0.001), demonstrating relatively good stability. The CVI was 0.81, and the CVR was 0.85. The KMO measure of sampling adequacy was 0.954, indicating the acceptability of the degree of common variance among the all items.CONCLUSIONS: This Persian questionnaire on virtual education aimed at cardiology faculty members in the current pandemic with its low question count and appropriate domains had high reliability and validity. By knowing the level of professors’ satisfaction with the new method of education, it is possible to take steps to better provide specialized medical education to cardiology residents.

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Investigation of the psychometric properties of children’s somatization inventory in Iranian adolescents

. Sepideh Hoseini; . Mahdi Jafari; . Kaveh Qaderi Bagajan; . Zahra Asl Soleimani; . Meysam Sadeghi; . Shadi Zolfaghari; . Aria Momeni

Volume 12, Issue 1 , January 2022, , Pages 1-6

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of children’ssomatization inventory (CSI‑24) in a sample of Iranian school adolescents.MATERIALS AND ...  Read More BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of children’ssomatization inventory (CSI‑24) in a sample of Iranian school adolescents.MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, after translating and back‑translating CSI‑24,comparisons were made with the original version. The study population consisted of 394 schooladolescents. Cronbach’s alpha method was used to examine the reliability of the scale. Furthermore,the correlation of the scale with the Symptom Checklist‑90‑Revised was evaluated to determine itscriterion validity, using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysismethods were applied for construct validity.RESULTS: Investigation of the psychometric properties of the Iranian version of CSI‑24 showed itshigh reliability and confirmatory factor analysis results show the model’s satisfactory fitting.CONCLUSION: The Persian version of CSI‑24 is a useful self‑report tool for evaluating the physicalcomplaints of Iranian school adolescents aged between 12 and 18 years.

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A questionnaire‑based study to develop an instrument measuring poor interest in biostatistics among postgraduate medical students and faculties

. Uttam Kumar Roy; . Pabitra Biswas; . Purnendu Mandal

Volume 11, Issue 9 , October 2021, , Pages 1-5

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: It has been realized by senior researchers that interest in biostatistics is very pooramong medical professionals. Knowledge of biostatistics plays an important role in ...  Read More BACKGROUND: It has been realized by senior researchers that interest in biostatistics is very pooramong medical professionals. Knowledge of biostatistics plays an important role in medical research.Studies conducted about knowledge, attitude toward biostatistics by many researchers, but there wereno works about factors in relation to it. Considering this gap, we tried to develop a new instrument.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Item generation and questionnaire formation were done using focusgroup discussion involving seven experts from different departments of medical colleges. Face validityand content validity and pilot testing were carried out step by step. In estimating reliability, internalconsistency measured after collecting data from 66 study participants. Data were collected throughself‑administered paper‑based questionnaire where response in each item was in five‑point Likertscale. Cronbach’s alpha for reliability analysis was used.RESULTS: In first stage, item generation through FGD, then face validity was assessed by seniorfaculties. Content validity was checked by Aiken’s V index. In initial stages, with six items, Cronbach’salpha was 0.805. Scale mean and variance were 24.24 and 27.26. After final reliability testing, itbecame 0.866 with four items where scale mean and variance came to 15.85 and 16.38.CONCLUSION: All the six items were important factors. Reliability improved when knowledge instatistics in higher secondary level and biostatistics classes in PG course were eliminated as factors.More qualitative research is needed for better understanding of this concept.

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Validation of academic motivation scale among medical students using factor analysis and structural equation modeling: Middle Eastern perspective

. Ahmed Mohammed Al Ansari; . Archana Prabu Kumar; . Aseel Fuad Fahad AlSaleh; . Mona Rushdi Khalil Arekat; . Abdelhalim Deifalla

Volume 11, Issue 9 , October 2021, , Pages 1-10

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Demanding careers like medicine requires a lot of motivation and the AcademicMotivation Scale (AMS) developed by Vallerand et al. (1992) is an instrument to measure motivation.This ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Demanding careers like medicine requires a lot of motivation and the AcademicMotivation Scale (AMS) developed by Vallerand et al. (1992) is an instrument to measure motivation.This study evaluated the validity and reliability of AMS among medical students in the Middle East.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a methodological research utilizing a convenient samplingtechnique. AMS scale comprising 28 items subdivided into seven subscales was administered to 900students (281 students returned the filled AMS). Data were analyzed using the descriptive statistics,one‑way ANOVA, and t‑tests. Exploratory factor analysis and Cronbach’s alpha were used to evaluatethe validity and reliability of the scale, respectively.RESULTS: There was a statistically significant difference between both genders in overallscores (P = 0.015*), two subscales, namely “Identified Regulation” (P =0.017*) and “StimulatingExperience” (P = 0.015*), with females showing higher value. Second‑year students (n = 91) hadsignificantly higher score (10.9 ± 4.1) for “Amotivation” (P =.001*) and first‑year students (n = 48)had significantly higher score (16.2 ± 3.0) for “Achievement” subscale (P =.014*). P < 0.05was considered statistically significant with 95% confidence interval. No statistically significantdifference was observed between the groups based on nationality or age. Bartlett’s test ofsphericity was significant (Chi‑square: 2988.010; df = 278; P < 0.001). Kaiser–Meyer–Olkinwas 0.890. Principal component analysis with varimax rotation extracted seven factorscorresponding to the original items of AMS questionnaire. All subscales correlated positivelyexcept “amotivation.” Structural equation modeling revealed the relation between observedand unobserved variables.DISCUSSION: This study demonstrated that AMS is valid and reliable for application among MiddleEast medical students, without needing any modification. AMS has widespread application in medicaleducation as it impacts learning outcomes.CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that AMS is valid and reliable for application among theMiddle East students without needing any modification.

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Validity and reliability of a virtual education satisfaction questionnaire from the perspective of cardiology residents during the COVID‑19 pandemic

. Behshid Ghadrdoost; . Parham Sadeghipour; . Ahmad Amin; . Hooman Bakhshandeh; . Feridoun Noohi; . Majid Maleki; . Mohammad Mehdi Peighambari; . Majid Haghjoo; . Mohammad‑Javad Alemzade‑Ansari; . Mohammad Sadeghvashveshady; . Bahram Mohebbi

Volume 11, Issue 7 , August 2021, , Pages 1-5

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‑19) pandemic has prompted the furthervirtualization of medical education. The satisfaction level of specific users such as cardiology ...  Read More BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‑19) pandemic has prompted the furthervirtualization of medical education. The satisfaction level of specific users such as cardiology residentswith virtual education can augment its quality; hence, the significance of a valid and reliable questionnaireto obtain feedback is needed. This study aimed to design and measure validity and reliability of asatisfaction questionnaire for virtual education of cardiology residents during COVID‑19 pandemic.MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cross‑sectional study, a self‑administered questionnairewas developed by the faculty members of Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center.Reliability was tested utilizing Cronbach’s alpha  and intercorrelation which was tested using Pearson’scorrelation coefficient test (ICC). Factor analysis was done by the Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin measure ofsampling adequacy and Bartlett’s sphericity test. The statistical analyses were performed with theSPSS software version 22.RESULTS: The face validity index was determined via an assessment of the relevance, clarity, andsimplicity of each item, and values >0.79 were accepted. The total Cronbach’s alpha coefficient wascalculated 0.93. Concerning test–retest reliability, the correlation between two rounds of evaluationwas >80 (P > 0.001) and ICC was 0.99 (P = 0.001). The content validity evaluation yielded an index of0.95 and a ratio of 0.91. The principal component factor analysis, conducted to investigate constructvalidity, generated four domains.CONCLUSIONS: The study results confirmed the validity and reliability of the designed questionnaireto evaluate the level of satisfaction of cardiology residents with virtual learning in COVID‑19 pandemic.

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Validity and reliability properties of the Persian version of perceived health competence scale among patients with cardiovascular diseases

. Elham Shakibazadeh; . Maryam Sabouri; . Bahram Mohebbi; . Azar Tol; . Mehdi Yaseri

Volume 11, Issue 1 , January 2021, , Pages 1-5

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular diseases are among progressive diseases that begin in childhoodand are manifested mainly in adulthood. This study was assessed the validity and reliability ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular diseases are among progressive diseases that begin in childhoodand are manifested mainly in adulthood. This study was assessed the validity and reliability testingof the Persian version of the Perceived Health Competence Scale (PHCS) among patients withcardiovascular diseases referred to Shahid Rajaie Heart center in Tehran, Iran.METHODS: In this cross‑sectional study, a convenience sample of 700 patients with cardiovasculardiseases referring to Shahid Rajaie Heart center in Tehran were recruited (response rate = 100%;n = 700). Content validity was established using translation and back‑translation procedure and gettingviews of the expert panel. The content validity of the questionnaire was measured using contentvalidity ratio (CVR) and content validity index (CVI). Reliability was ascertained using Cronbach’salpha. The stability was confirmed using intra‑class correlation coefficients.RESULTS: In this study, CVI = 0.81 and CVR = 0.72 were calculated. Scale reliability was sufficient(α = 0.78; range = 0.73–0.77). Furthermore, reliability based on the stability of the whole scale was0.75.CONCLUSIONS: The PHCS‑Persian confirmed as a valid and reliable instrument to measureperceived health competence. The PHCS‑Persian scale could be a useful, comprehensive, andculturally sensitive scale for assessing perceived health competence.

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Health literacy knowledge and experience survey: Cross‑cultural adaptation and the psychometric properties of the Iranian nurse version

. Akram Parandeh; . Fatemeh Rahmati-Najarkolaei; . Mohsen Saberi Isfeedvajani

Volume 10, Issue 9 , September 2020, , Pages 1-8

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Nurses’ knowledge and Experience with Health Literacy can affect the treatmentprocess, improving the quality of health care and effectively communicating with all ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Nurses’ knowledge and Experience with Health Literacy can affect the treatmentprocess, improving the quality of health care and effectively communicating with all clients. Evaluationof nurses’ knowledge and experience requires a reliable instrument. This study aimed to translatecross‑cultural adaptation and testing of Health Literacy Knowledge and Experience Survey (HL‑KES).MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross‑sectional methodological study was done during 2018–2019.The study was carried out in two stages: the first phase was designed to obtain a translation andcross‑cultural equivalent of the (HL‑KES), based on the World Health Organization (2018) and theSousa and Rojjanasrirat (2011) Guidelines in six steps: preparation, forward translation, reconciliation,back translation, back translation review and pretesting and cognitive debriefing of the translatedquestionnaires. The second phase was conducted to evaluate the psychometric properties of thequestionnaire.RESULTS: The content validity index and content validity ratio values of all items were >0.62 and0.79, respectively. Based on the Kuder–Richardson formula, the reliability of the knowledge dimensionwas reported as 0.7. Furthermore, split‑half coefficient for inter‑rather reliability and test–retest were0.76 and 0.96, respectively. The reliability of their experiences with the HL‑KES was measured usingCronbach’s alpha, in which it was 0.82.CONCLUSIONS: The Persian version of the instrument for assessing nurses’ knowledge andexperience with health literacy had good validity and reliability. It is recommended that it should beused in educational, clinical environments, and also in future research studies.

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Psychometric properties of the Persian version of nutrition literacy scale in the elderly

. Fatemeh Sharifnia; . Mohtasham Ghaffari; . Sakineh Rakhshanderou

Volume 9, Issue 12 , December 2019, , Pages 1-7

Abstract

  INTRODUCTION: Aging and chronic diseases associated with nutrition are increasing in the world;therefore, access to a tool for assessing nutritional literacy in the elderly is necessary. ...  Read More INTRODUCTION: Aging and chronic diseases associated with nutrition are increasing in the world;therefore, access to a tool for assessing nutritional literacy in the elderly is necessary. Therefore,the present study was carried out with the aim of psychometric evaluation of nutritional literacy inthe elderly.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was carried out to psychometric testing of the NutritionLiteracy Scale (NLS), through the validity and reliability of the tool in 280 elderly people (60 years ofage and older) in Tehran. The validity of this tool was determined through the methods of translation,face and content and reliability of the tool through the methods of test–retest and internal consistency.Finally, the tool was analyzed using SPSS software version 16.RESULTS: In this study, content validity index (CVI) was calculated for each item; CVI averagewas 0.86.5. To determine the reliability of the tool, interclass correlation coefficient was calculatedby measuring the instrument’s stability, and it was 0.92. Exploratory factor analysis confirmed theexistence of six factors in the questionnaire, which was named nutritional information, healthynutrition, calorie intake, organic foods, saturated fats, and unit size, which explains 43% of the totalvariance. Furthermore, in the internal consistency assessment, the questionnaire was completedby 280 elderly people, and the Cronbach’s α coefficient was 0.80.CONCLUSION: Based on the results obtained in the reliability and validity assessment, NLS inIranian elderly has a desirable reliability and validity. This questionnaire has been translated intoPersian for the first time. The results of this study provide a standard tool for assessing nutritionalliteracy status in Persian language communities.

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Design and psychometrics cultural competence questionnaire for health promotion of Iranian nurses

. Mehdi Khanbabayi Gol; . Abasali Dorosti; . Majid Montazer

Volume 9, Issue 8 , August 2019, , Pages 1-6

Abstract

  INTRODUCTION: As an important factor in the quality of nursing care, cultural competence of nursesshould be assessed to improve the quality of care provided. Nursing care is sensitive ...  Read More INTRODUCTION: As an important factor in the quality of nursing care, cultural competence of nursesshould be assessed to improve the quality of care provided. Nursing care is sensitive to culture;therefore, it is necessary to design a tool for evaluation of cultural competence. In this regard, thepresent study intended to develop a cultural competence questionnaire for Iranian nurses.MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this methodological study, 350 nurses working in all educationalhospitals affiliated to Tabriz University of Medical Sciences were selected through conveniencesampling. Questions related to cultural care were selected by experts of this field, and a questionnairewas designed and its validity and reliability were examined.RESULTS: A 20‑item questionnaire was developed which assessed the three areas of learning andeducation, awareness and knowledge, and skills. Cronbach’s alpha of the whole questionnaire was0.912, and its validity based on the Kaiser–Mayer–Olkin Index was 0.891.CONCLUSION: This study provides proper evidence regarding the strength of factor structure andthe reliability of the developed questionnaire; therefore, it can be considered as a scientific tool forresearch, educational, and practical purposes in Iranian nurses.

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A survey on scientific authenticity of health information in Iranian popular magazines: A case study

. Ourfa Hovsepyan; . Firoozeh Zare_Farashbandi; . Gholamreza Askari; . Akbar Hassanzadeh

Volume 8, Issue 2 , February 2018, , Pages 1-8

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: The content of the mass media is a suitable tool for making changes to the society.One of the most read news in the mass media is nutritional information. The goal of this ...  Read More BACKGROUND: The content of the mass media is a suitable tool for making changes to the society.One of the most read news in the mass media is nutritional information. The goal of this study is toassess the scientific authenticity of such information published in Iranian popular magazines.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study is a qualitative study (content analysis) and usesbibliographic approach. A researcher‑designed checklist is used as data gathering tool, and thestatistical population included the messages obtained from the printed material in 173 volumesof 8 Iranian popular magazines. 10 most frequent messages were identified, and their scientificauthenticity was investigated using Pubmed and IranMedex databases. The SPSS Softwareversion 24 (IBM Corporation, Armonk, New York, USA) was applied in the analysis of this work.RESULTS: The findings indicated that preventive trends had the highest (86.8%) and the treatmentshad the lowest (4.2%) frequency. Concerning the type of cancer, more than half (51.2%) of theconclusions were about cancer. Regarding authorship, 68% of articles were author signed, but theprofession of 66.4% of the authors was not clear. Regarding references, only 25.4% of the articleshad validated references.CONCLUSION: It is revealed that 70% of the “nutrition information” related to cancer which waspublished in the popular magazines during 2012, considered to be acceptable according to scientificmedical information sources. Although in some cases, the amount of evidence is not sufficient.Finally, it could be deduced that the nutrition information published in the Iranian popular magazinesare still credible.

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Cross‑cultural adaptation and psychometric evaluation of oral health impact profile among school teacher community

. Shaleen Vyas; . Sandesh Nagarajappa; . Pralhad L. Dasar; . Prashant Mishra

Volume 8, Issue 1 , January 2018, , Pages 1-7

Abstract

  AIM: To translate OHIP‑14 into Hindi and test its psychometric properties among school teachercommunity.METHODS: The OHIP‑14 was translated to OHIP‑14‑H using WHO recommended ...  Read More AIM: To translate OHIP‑14 into Hindi and test its psychometric properties among school teachercommunity.METHODS: The OHIP‑14 was translated to OHIP‑14‑H using WHO recommended translationprotocol. During pre‑testing, an expert panel assessed content validity of the questionnaire. Facevalidity was assessed on a sample of 10 individuals. The OHIP‑14‑H was administered on a randomsample of 170 primary school teachers. Internal consistency and test‑retest reliability were assessedusing Cronbach’s alpha and Intra‑class correlation coefficient (ICC) respectively, with 2 weeksinterval. Predictive validity was tested by comparing OHIP‑14‑H scores with clinical parameters.The concurrent validity was assessed using self‑reported oral health and discriminant validity wasascertained through negative association with sociodemographic variables.RESULTS: The mean OHIP‑14‑H score was 9.57 (S.D = 4.58). ICC and Cronbach’s alphafor OHIP‑14‑H was 0.96 and 0.92 respectively. Concurrent validity using binomial regressionmodel indicated that good (OR = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.55 – 4.47) and moderate (OR = 0.25, 95%CI = 0.17 – 1.87) OHIP‑14‑H scores were negative but significant risk indicators of poor self reportedoral health (P < 0.009). Significant predictive validity was observed between OHIP‑14‑H scores andclinical parameters (P < 0.000).CONCLUSION: Translated and culturally adapted OHIP‑14‑H indicates good reliability and validityamong primary school teachers.

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Development and study of self‑efficacy scale in medication adherence among Iranian patients with hypertension

. Arash Najimi; . Firoozeh Mostafavi; . Gholamreza Sharifirad; . Parastoo Golshiri

Volume 7, Issue 5 , September and October 2017, , Pages 1-6

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: This study was aimed at developing and studying the scale of self‑efficacy inadherence to treatment in Iranian patients with hypertension.METHODS: A mix‑method study ...  Read More BACKGROUND: This study was aimed at developing and studying the scale of self‑efficacy inadherence to treatment in Iranian patients with hypertension.METHODS: A mix‑method study was conducted on the two stages: in the first phase, a qualitativestudy was done using content analysis through deep and semi‑structured interviews. After dataanalysis, the draft of tool was prepared. Items in the draft were selected based on the extractedconcepts. In the second phase, validity and reliability of the instrument were implemented using aquantitative study. The prepared instrument in the first phase was studied among 612 participants. Totest the construct validity and internal consistency, exploratory factor analysis and Cronbach’s alphawere used, respectively. To study the validity of the final scale, the average score of self‑efficacy inpatients with controlled hypertension were compared with patients with uncontrolled hypertension.RESULTS: In overall, 16 patients were interviewed. Twenty‑six items were developed to assessdifferent concepts of self‑efficacy. Concept‑related items were extracted from interviews to studythe face validity of the tool from patient’s point of view. Four items were deleted because scored0.79 in content validity. The mean of questionnaire content validity was 0.85. Items were collectedin two factors with an eigenvalue >1. Four items were deleted with load factor <0.4. Reliability was0.84 for the entire instrument.CONCLUSION: Self‑efficacy scale in patients with hypertension is a valid and reliable instrument thatcan effectively evaluate the self‑efficacy in medication adherence in the management of hypertension.

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Pregnant women’s preferences for mode of delivery questionnaire: Psychometric properties

. Fereshteh Zamani‑Alavijeh; . Parvin Shahry; . Maryam Kalhori; . Marzieh Araban

Volume 7, Issue 1 , March and April 2017, , Pages 1-7

Abstract

  Introduction: The rate of caesarean delivery is increasing worldwide. Maternal beliefs may beinfluential on the mode of delivery. This study aimed to validate pregnant women’s ...  Read More Introduction: The rate of caesarean delivery is increasing worldwide. Maternal beliefs may beinfluential on the mode of delivery. This study aimed to validate pregnant women’s preferencesfor mode of delivery questionnaire among pregnant women. Materials and Methods: This wasa cross‑sectional study which was done in Ahvaz Public and Private Health Care Centers. A totalof 342 low‑risk pregnant women were included in a study conducted in spring 2011 in Ahvaz,Iran. After careful consideration and performing content and face validity, a 62‑item measurewas developed and subjects completed the questionnaire. Reliability was estimated usinginternal consistency and validity was assessed by performing face, content and structure anddiscriminate validity. Data were analyzed using explanatory factor analysis, t‑test, and correlationsin SPSS 16. Results: The findings of content and face validity showed almost perfect results forboth content validity ratio = 1 and content validity index = 1. The explanatory factor analysisindicated a 7‑subscale measure (Eigenvalue >1, factor loading >0.4), and discriminate validityrevealed satisfying results P < 0.05 for 6 out of 7 subscales. Internal consistency as measuredby the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was acceptable for subscales. Conclusions: In general,the findings suggest that this newly generated scale is a reliable and valid specific questionnairefor assessing pregnant women’s preferences for mode of delivery. However, further studies areneeded to establish stronger psychometric properties for the questionnaire.

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Standardization of European Medical Risk Related History questionnaire for use with Persian‑speaking population

. Adeleh Pooyafared; . Maryam Alsadat Hashemipour; . Kheyzaran Baharloey; . Leili Shafiei; . Forogheh Montajeb

Volume 5, Issue 3 , May 2015, , Pages 1-8

Abstract

  Background: Today, the dental practitioners are finding many more medically compromisedpatients in their practice. Aims: The aim of this study was standardization of the EuropeanMedical ...  Read More Background: Today, the dental practitioners are finding many more medically compromisedpatients in their practice. Aims: The aim of this study was standardization of the EuropeanMedical Risk Related History (EMRRH) questionnaire for use among Persian population.Materials and Methods: The English original version of the EMRRH questionnaire was translatedinto Persian language by a forward–backward translation method. Then reliability was testedon 50 subjects. Also, the sensitivity, specificity, and validity of the questionnaire were assessed.Statistical Analysis Used: Cohen’s kappa, a measure of agreement between observers thatincludes an adjustment for chance agreement, was likewise calculated. Results: The reliabilitycoefficient (Cronbach’s alpha) of the EMRRH was above the recommended 0.7 thresholdand considered excellent (alpha 0.87). Specificity of the questions was 94% and of perEMRRH item was 93%. Sensitivity per question was 86.1% and of per EMRRH item was94%. Cohen’s kappa for the questionnaire was 0.89 and for subsequent questions was 0.82.Conclusions: The EMRRH (Persian version) has been shown to be valid in comparison withthe gold standard (a medical history taken by a physician experienced) and this instrumentwould be an effectual method of history taking for the dentist.

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Psychometric testing of an instrument designed to measure nutritional perceptions of hypertensive patients

. Aziz Kamran; . Leila Azadbakht; . Behzad Mahaki; . Gholamreza Sharifirad

Volume 4, Issue 4 , August 2014, , Pages 1-8

Abstract

  Introduction: Measurement tools designed to ensure the achievements of studies’ objectivesmust be evaluated. Based on the health promotion model (HPM), the present study wasconducted ...  Read More Introduction: Measurement tools designed to ensure the achievements of studies’ objectivesmust be evaluated. Based on the health promotion model (HPM), the present study wasconducted to assess the validity and reliability of the designed questionnaire of hypertensivepatients’ nutritional perceptions. Methodology: In a cross‑sectional study, the mentionedquestionnaire was assessed based on opinions of 11 experienced faculty members and671 hypertensive patients in rural areas in the year 2013. To evaluate the reliability, internalconsistency (Cronbach’s alpha) was calculated. Concerning the validity of the questionnaire,its content and construct validity were examined. Data analysis was performed usingStatistical Package for the Social Sciences version 18 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).Results: Spearman‑Brown and Cronbach’s alpha coefficients results were acceptable in allconstructs indicating a satisfactory reliability of the questionnaire. Questionnaire’s questionswere highly correlated with the total score signifying the internal consistency of the questions;therefore, all questions had a similar effect on the total score and the removal of each did noincrease the alpha significantly (all questions had acceptable reliability). Factor analyses showedthat all questions had acceptable factor loading and suitable validity. Moreover, the entireconstructs of the questionnaire were approved by experts with high validity coefficient of 0.9.Conclusion: The designed questionnaire for assessment of the HPM constructs regardinghypertensive patients’ nutritional issues had appropriate psychometric characteristics. Reliabilityand validity of the questionnaire were also satisfactory and its overall structure was approved.

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Safety education and control: A tool to measure the safety locus of control

. Maryam Amidi Mazaheri; . Alireza Hidarnia; . Fazlollah Ghofranipour

Volume 2, Issue 3 , August 2012, , Pages 1-4

Abstract

  Background: Effective safety education can prevent many occupational accidents. To educatethe public about safety effectively, determinants of safe behavior must be addressed. Personalityconstructs ...  Read More Background: Effective safety education can prevent many occupational accidents. To educatethe public about safety effectively, determinants of safe behavior must be addressed. Personalityconstructs are among the most important determinants of safe behavior. One of the personalityconstructs that has been studied recently in relation to accidents is locus of control. The mainaim of this study was designing, validating, and determining the reliability of safety locus ofcontrol scale. Materials and Methods: This study was a descriptive, cross‑sectional study. The“forward–backward” procedure was applied to translate safety locus of control scale (Jonesand Becker 1985) from English to Persian. To determine the scientific validity of the scale , facevalidity and content validity by expert judgments were used. Internal consistency was determinedusing Cronbach’s α‑coefficient. Questionnaires were distributed to a group of 400 workers fromdifferent parts of Isfahan Steel Company. Finally, 317 workers completed the questionnaires.Exploratory factor analysis was performed with software SPSS13, and confirmatory factoranalysis was performed with software LISREL8.8. Results: The exploratory factor analysisresults revealed that the three components of the items can be extracted from the scale includinginternal control (4 questions), environmental and equipment control (4 questions), and chanceand fate (4 questions). Confirmatory factor analysis using maximum likelihood estimation resultsindicated that the data had good fit with three‑component scale and fit indices were acceptable:c2∕df=3.96, df=41, c2=120.59, RMSIA=0.080, 95% Confidence Interval=0.64–0.097, CFI=0.96,GFI=0.94, AGFI=0.89. The internal control components and equipment and environmentalcontrol were negatively correlated with each other (P≤0.05, r=−0.41). Also, a weak correlationbetween chance and fate and environmental and equipment control was seen (P≤0.05, r=0.31).Conclusion: In most studies, designing a scale and determining its validity and reliability iscostly and time consuming. The available reliable and valid scale leads to reduced costs andaccelerated research. In other words, duplication will be avoided. The scale obtained in this studycan be used in safety and industrial psychology research.

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Development and psychometric testing of the Adolescent Healthy Lifestyle Questionnaire

. Parvaneh Taymoori; . Babak Moeini; . David Lubans; . Mitra Bharami

Volume 2, Issue 2 , July 2012, , Pages 1-7

Abstract

  Background: Lifestyle choices and individuals’ behaviors have the potential to influencehealth and improve the quality of life. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to developand ...  Read More Background: Lifestyle choices and individuals’ behaviors have the potential to influencehealth and improve the quality of life. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to developand psychometrically test an instrument for measuring healthy lifestyle in Iranian adolescents.Materials and Methods: A comprehensive literature review related to health‑promoting lifestyleswas used to identify potential scale items. Data were collected from 797 school students. Constructvalidity was analyzed using exploratory factor analysis. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) wasused to cross‑validate. Results: Nine factors emerged that explained 59.8% of the variance inthe 43 items. Cronbach’s a coefficient Healthy Lifestyle Questionnaire was r=0.82. After themodel was modified, the fit indices indicated that the data were an adequate‑to‑good fit to theproposed models. Conclusions: The current study provides some support to the internal andexternal validity of the healthy lifestyles questionnaire for Iranian adolescents.

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