Journal of Education and Health Promotion

Impact of the COVID‑19 pandemic on nurses mental health status in Iraq

. Burhan Hadi; . Saja H. Mohammed

Volume 12, Issue 8 , September 2022, , Pages 1-7

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: The COVID‑19 pandemic is a major health crisis that has changed the life ofmillions globally. Coronaviruses are viruses’ group that can contract animals and humans ...  Read More BACKGROUND: The COVID‑19 pandemic is a major health crisis that has changed the life ofmillions globally. Coronaviruses are viruses’ group that can contract animals and humans and thecause of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS),and COVID‑19. Nurses are the primary service providers in the health care; nurses who are in closecontact with infectious patients need to get their mental health checked and supervised on a regularbasis, particularly with regard to stress, anxiety, and suicidal ideation, so that they can provide optimalquality of life and healthy mental health to have good care for patients to assess the impact of thepandemic on mental health status for nurses in Iraq.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of sample study (1000) nurses in Iraq completed an onlinequestionnaire between March and May 2021. Psychological impact was assessed using thedepression anxiety stress scale (DASS21).RESULTS: The study revealed impact COVID‑19 on mental health status (anxiety stress) andno impact COVID‑19 on mental health status (depression) for nurses was (P value = 0.040 andP value = 0.045, respectively).CONCLUSION: The impact COVID‑19 on mental health status for nurses. Protecting the nursingstaff from chronic stress, anxiety, and depression, which constitutes a psychological burden on healthduring the outbreak of the COVID‑19 pandemic, by clarifying the disease and how to prevent it, aswell as providing the personal protective equipment to decrease stress, anxiety, and depressionduring the pandemic.

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Effectiveness of educational intervention on reducing oxidative stress caused by occupational stress in nurses: A health promotion approach

. Davoud Panahi; . Elham Akhlaghi Pirposhteh; . Bayan Moradi; . Mohsen Poursadeqiyan; . Ali Salehi Sahlabadi; . Amir Kavousi

Volume 12, Issue 7 , August 2022, , Pages 1-8

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Nursing is one of the most stressful occupations. Educational intervention regardingstress management can play an important role in reducing occupational stress among nurses ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Nursing is one of the most stressful occupations. Educational intervention regardingstress management can play an important role in reducing occupational stress among nurses Thepresent study aimed to determine the effectiveness of educational intervention on reducing oxidativestress caused by occupational stress in nurses: A health promotion approach in a hospital in westernIran.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present interventional study was performed in 2019 among92 nurses working at the Kosar Hospital located in the city of Sanandaj in the country of Iran.Occupational stress was evaluated using the Osipow Occupational Stress Questionnaire. Oxidativestress was measured by taking blood samples and measuring the enzymatic activity of superoxidedismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde, and catalase (CAT) using SOD, malondialdehyde (MDA), andCAT kits. Educational intervention was carried out in the second stage. Three months after theintervention, data were taken again.RESULTS: The results of the present study indicated that there was a significant difference inoccupational stress between before and after the educational intervention (P < 0.05). A significantreduction in MDA (P = 0.038) and SOD (P = 0.048) was observed after educational intervention, butthis was not the case for CAT (P = 0.592). There was no significant correlation between occupationalstress with oxidative stress parameters before and after the educational intervention (P < 0.05). Nosignificant difference in occupational stress was observed between men and women. Among theoxidative stress parameters under evaluation, MDA was higher among men compared to womenand this was statistically significant.CONCLUSIONS: Educational intervention regarding occupational stress is effective in reducingoxidative stress among nurses. The group meetings teach stress management to the participantsand enable them to better manage their stress by utilizing their own capabilities. Thus, attention tothis issue is vital in maintaining the mental and physical health of nurses and, in turn, improves thequality of care rendered.

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Comparison of the effect of bioterrorism education through two methods of lecture and booklet on the knowledge and attitude of nurses of Shams Al‑Shomus Nezaja Hospital

. Masoud Khoshnudi; . Fahime Ghadamgahi; . Gholamreza Najjarzade; . Farzane Habibi Mud; . Nahid Aghaei; . No’man Arab; . Seyyed‑Javad Hosseini‑Shokouh; . Atabak Nikbakht

Volume 12, Issue 5 , June 2022, , Pages 1-7

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Today, considering the importance of bioterrorism, it may be time to assess therisk of bioterrorism as an important priority. Nurses, as the broadest group of therapy group, ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Today, considering the importance of bioterrorism, it may be time to assess therisk of bioterrorism as an important priority. Nurses, as the broadest group of therapy group, arevery influential in this regard.General aim: To determine the impact of bioterrorism education throughtwo methods of lectures and booklets on the knowledge and attitude of nursing staff. Practical Aim:Minimizing the damage caused by bioterrorism attacks by empowering nursing staff.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This two-group semiexperimental intervention study was performed as abefore and after education intervention with the participation of 80 nursing staff of Shams Al-Shomus NezajaHospital affiliated to Health Administration of Islamic Republic of Iran Army Ground Forces. The studypopulation included all hospital nursing staff in 2021. The inclusion criteria included having a willingnessand informed consent to participate in the study and exclusion criteria included unwillingness to continuecooperation and failure to complete more than 10% of the questionnaire by the subject. This study wasperformed on 77 nurses in 2021. The nurses were divided into two groups: lecture and booklet. First,the pretest was completed by the nurses. After the educational intervention, both groups completed theposttest. Both groups then completed the questionnaire again after about 2 weeks. First, all the data weremeasured for normal distribution by the Kolmogorov–Smirnoff test. Statistical description was expressedfor the variables with normal distribution as the ratio of geometric mean ± standard error and for abnormalvariables as mean ± standard error. To compare the means of the studied quantitative variables, t-testand Wilcoxon matched-paired statistical tests were used. The significance level was considered <0.05.SPSS.16 and Graph Pad Prism 8.0.1 softwares were used to analyze the statistical data.RESULTS: Using both methods is effective in improving the level of knowledge and betterment attitude,but according to the paired t-test in comparison of the two groups, at intervals immediately after trainingand 2 weeks after training, a significant increase in the average knowledge score of the lecture groupStatistically shows (P < 0.001). However, the analysis of attitude scores was performed between thetwo groups of lectures and booklets, which did not show statistically significant changes between them.CONCLUSIONS: One of the most important issues in the performance of medical staff in bioterrorismattacks is useful, effective, correct, and sufficient training. According to the results of the presentstudy,bioterrorism training leads to increasing the level of knowledge and betterment the attitude ofnurses in the field of bioterrorism. Therefore, the inclusion of training courses in medical centers,especially military medical centers, is necessary and sensitive.

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Assessment of medication administration of nurses in medical cardiac wards and its relationship with some demographic characteristics: An observational study

. Hajar Najafi; . Sedigheh Farzi; . Mohammad Javad Tarrahi; . Sima Babaei

Volume 12, Issue 5 , June 2022, , Pages 1-5

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Unsafe medication administration and medication errors pose a threat to medicationsafety. Safe medication is one of the most important nursing practices that plays an important ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Unsafe medication administration and medication errors pose a threat to medicationsafety. Safe medication is one of the most important nursing practices that plays an important rolein preventing medication errors. The aim of this study was to assess the medication administrationof nurses in cardiac wards and its relationship with some demographic characteristics.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study was conducted as an observational study in 2021with the 60 nurses who working in the medical cardiac wards of one selected hospital affiliated withthe Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. Data were collected using three‑part tools (demographicinformation, medication checklist (55 items), and documentation checklist (8 items). The checklistwas completed by the observer after observing the nurses’ medication administration. Data analysiswas conducted using descriptive and inferential statistics in the SPSS software (version 16, SPSSInc., Chicago, IL, USA). A P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.RESULTS: The mean total score of the principles of injection and oral medication administrationwere 82.53 ± 10.75 and 75.76 ± 9.62, respectively. The mean score of the principles of injectionand oral medication administration in the morning shift was significantly higher than the eveningand night shifts (P < 0.001). The relationship between the mean score of the principles of injectionmedication (r = 0.234, P = 0.067), oral medication (r = 0.222, P = 0.083), and the nurses’ workexperience no significant. The rate of adherence to the principles of medication administration in thepremedication administration stage was higher than during and after drug administration.CONCLUSION: Although the mean score of medication administration of nurses in the medicalcardiac wards was at the desired level, it is necessary to monitor and plan by nursing managers toimprove medication administration. Reducing the number of night shifts, adhering to accreditationprograms in the hospital, continuous monitoring of nurses in terms of compliance with the principlesof medication are among the proposed solutions to improve the safe medication in nurses.

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Nurses in NICUs’ views on nosocomial infection prevention

. Shilpa Gulia; . Kiran Kaur; . Shankuntala Devi; . Sandeep Singh; . Kusum K. Rohilla

Volume 12, Issue 5 , June 2022, , Pages 1-5

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Basic infection control measures are required in India’s health‑care setting inNeonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs) to lower the prevalence of hospital‑associated ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Basic infection control measures are required in India’s health‑care setting inNeonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs) to lower the prevalence of hospital‑associated infections.The aim of the present study was to assess practices followed by nurses of NICUs for nosocomialinfection prevention.MATERIALS AND METHODS: From January to February 2020, a descriptive cross‑sectional studywas conducted. Participants in the study were chosen by total enumeration sampling technique,i.e., 60 nurses were included in this study who working in tertiary care institutions, India. The studyrespondents’ knowledge and practice for nosocomial infection control strategies were assessed byusing a 30‑item and 27‑item questionnaires, respectively. SPSS (version 23.0) was used to analyzethe data collected.RESULTS: Results showed that all nurses (100%) were females, belongs to the age group of26–35 years (82%), hold professional qualifications (34%) in GNM as well as post basic BSc nursing,married (72%), had 1–5 years of professional experience (66%), and working in the NICUs for1–3 years (74%). Most of nurses (55%) had never attended any session on nosocomial infectionprevention. Nurses of NICUs (70%) had just a moderate degree of understanding on nosocomialinfection prevention. Nurses’ practice showed good practise (60%) for nosocomial infection preventionin NICUs.CONCLUSIONS: The necessity to adopt health‑care policy about nosocomial infections and executionof regular training program to upgrade and refresh nurses’ knowledge and practices regardingfor nosocomial infection control measures is indicated to fill gap among knowledge and practicesconcerning nosocomial infection control and prevention.

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Clinical competence of Iranian nurses: A systematic review and meta‑analysis

. Amir Emami Zeydi; . Mohammad Javad Ghazanfari; . Ehsan Azizi; . Hadi Darvishi‑Khezri; . Hamed Mortazavi; . Joseph Osuji; . Samad Karkhah

Volume 12, Issue 3 , March 2022, , Pages 1-12

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: One of the most important steps in increasing the nurses’ professional competence and consequently improving the quality of nursing care is to evaluate nurses’ ...  Read More BACKGROUND: One of the most important steps in increasing the nurses’ professional competence and consequently improving the quality of nursing care is to evaluate nurses’ clinical competency and then take effective actions to enhance it. This study aimed at exploring the clinical competence of Iranian nurses and factors related to it.MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this systematic review and meta‑analysis, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Scientific Information Database, and Iranmedex databases and Google Scholar search engine were searched to February 14, 2020.RESULTS: After screening, a total of 25 articles were included. In general, the level of clinical competence of Iranian nurses was at a desirable level. After meta‑analysis of the mean score of nurses’ clinical competence, the combined mean was 161.13 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 137.78–184.48;P < 0.001; I2 = 99.8%; P value for heterogeneity = P < 0.001) by the Competency Inventory for Registered Nurses (CIRN) questionnaire. The summarized mean of clinical competency measured by the Nurse Competence Scale (NCS) questionnaire was 70.75 (95% CI: 60.80–80.70; P < 0.001; I2 = 99.9%; P value for heterogeneity = P < 0.001). Factors affecting nurses’ clinical competence were age ≥33 years, nursing work experience ≥9 years, and a master’s degree in nursing. However, the clinical competence of nurses had a significant negative relationship with job stress.CONCLUSION: The level of clinical competence of Iranian nurses was desirable. Studies that used the CIRN, reported the highest and lowest clinical competence in clinical care and professional development dimensions, respectively. Studies that used the NCS, reported the highest and lowest clinical competence in dimensions of work role and ensuring quality, respectively.

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Perception and factors affecting practice of preventive measures of coronavirus disease among nurses in tertiary health institutions in Anambra state, southeast Nigeria

. Linda C. Odikpo; . Vera I. Onyekaonwu; . Anulika J. Afonne

Volume 11, Issue 11 , December 2021, , Pages 1-8

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: COVID‑19 is a contagious disease without any treatment, vaccine, or immunity,which the only way out is the practice of preventive measures. This article assessed the perceptionand ...  Read More BACKGROUND: COVID‑19 is a contagious disease without any treatment, vaccine, or immunity,which the only way out is the practice of preventive measures. This article assessed the perceptionand factors influencing the practice of preventive measures to COVID‑19 among nurses in AnambraState, Nigeria. The study objectives include to determine the perception of nurses toward COVID‑19and to determine factors that influence the practice of preventive measures to COVID‑19 amongnurses in tertiary hospitals in Anambra State.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The design for the study was descriptive cross‑sectional surveyconducted among 344 nurses in the two tertiary institutions.RESULTS: Three hundred and three (88.1%) nurses had no formal training on COVID‑19 protocol.They have a good perception of the disease as, among others, they (165 [48.0%]) see it to be highlycontagious, 207 (60.2%) can recognize symptoms easily, 168 (48.8%) believed that COVID‑19 couldbe handled professionally based on their experience, 155 (45.1%) responded that there is no vaccineyet for the disease, and 200 (58.1%) responded that patients should not hide their symptoms and travelhistory to avoid infecting other people. The result on the false benefits has 323 (93.9%) who respondedthat COVID‑19 preventive measures will predispose one to the disease, 319 (92.7%) who respondedthat the preventive measures will not slow the spread of the disease, 288 (83.7) who respondedthat it is independent of normalcy returning to areas affected, and 327 (95.1%) who responded thatCOVID‑19 preventive measures are among the effective ways to mitigate the disease and enhancelife sustainability. Some work‑related/institutional and disease‑specific factors influence their practiceof preventive measures to COVID‑19. Such factors include the time to use personal protectiveequipment (PPE) in an emergency (170 [49.4%]), remembering to use PPE (158 [45.9%]), insufficientnursing staff during a shift (158 [43.0%]), and too many responsibilities during a shift (178 [51.7%]).CONCLUSION: With the increasing death as a result of COVID‑19, of which health workers are notimmune to, it is essential to annihilate all negative factors that may impede the accurate practicesof the preventive measures and also support the nurses with the necessary tools and knowledge tomitigate their exposure to the disease.

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Satisfaction with nursing care and its related factors in patients with COVID‑19: A descriptive correlational study

. Naser Parizad; . Rasoul Goli; . Roshanak Mirzaee; . Rahim Baghaie; . Hossein Habibzadeh

Volume 11, Issue 10 , November 2021, , Pages 1-6

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Patients’ satisfaction is a fundamental factor in the quality of nursing care. Theemergence of the novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‑19) and the highly contagious ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Patients’ satisfaction is a fundamental factor in the quality of nursing care. Theemergence of the novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‑19) and the highly contagious viruscan affect nursing care by increasing the number of care‑seekers.This study aimed to determinethe patients’ satisfaction and related factors in patients with COVID‑19 hospitalized in TaleghaniHospital, Urmia‑Iran, in 2020.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This descriptive, correlational study was conducted on 196 patientswith COVID‑19 hospitalized in Taleghani Hospital, Urmia. Purposive convenient sampling was usedto recruit participants. Study participants completed Patient Satisfaction Instrument and demographicsquestionnaires. Data were analyzed with the SPSS software version 25.0.RESULTS: The majority of patients (68.9%) were moderately satisfied with nursing care. Basedon Pearson Correlation Analysis, only residential status had a significant inverse relationship withsatisfaction level in patients with COVID‑19 (r = −0.0238, P = 0.001).CONCLUSIONS: The patients’ satisfaction with nursing care was mostly at a moderate level. Thus,there is a need to educate health personnel and nurses in particular and motivate them to haveactive participation in achieving patients’ satisfaction with COVID‑19. Notably, only the institutes thattake patients’ satisfaction as a top priority can succeed in a competitive market of health services.

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Challenges faced by nurses while caring for COVID‑19 patients: A qualitative study

. Marjan Vejdani; . Samira Foji; . Sara Jamili; . Raha Salehabadi; . Amin Adel; . Zahra Ebnehoseini; . Shapour Badiee Aval; . Ali Asghar Anjidani; . Hossein Ebrahimipour

Volume 11, Issue 10 , November 2021, , Pages 1-8

Abstract

  INTRODUCTION: In the COVID‑19 crisis, nurses are directly involved in patient care, so they facemany challenges. This study was performed to determine the challenges faced by nurses ...  Read More INTRODUCTION: In the COVID‑19 crisis, nurses are directly involved in patient care, so they facemany challenges. This study was performed to determine the challenges faced by nurses whilecaring for COVID‑19 patients in Iran in 2020.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This qualitative, content analysis was conducted in Iran on ten nursesdirectly involved in the fight against the corona epidemic, selected through a purposeful samplingstrategy. Data were collected through deep interviews consisting of open questions. All the interviewswere recorded, and immediately after each interview, it was transcribed into written form. The datawere analyzed using MAXQDA software.RESULTS: All the challenges could be classified into three main categories and 17 subcategories.The main categories were miss‑management in controlling corona conditions, mental and physicalcomplications and challenges in corona work conditions, and lack of sufficient workforce.CONCLUSION: Hospital managers and authorities play a significant role in meeting the financialneeds and requirements of nurses, and can minimize the job discrimination prevalent at medicalcenters through providing financial and nonfinancial incentives for nurses. Moreover, the findingsof the present study can help hospital managers and authorities to gain a better understanding ofthe experiences of nurses, and to take the necessary measures to obviate the challenges faced bynurses in public health emergencies.

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The effect of COVID‑19 epidemic on the mental health of nurses’ family members

. Soheila Banitalebi; . Kobra Mohammadi; . Zhila Marjanian; . Leili Rabiei; . Reza Masoudi

Volume 11, Issue 9 , October 2021, , Pages 1-6

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: The COVID‑19 epidemic is a global health crisis that, in addition to physical health,has affected the mental health of all individuals, especially health‑care workers, ...  Read More BACKGROUND: The COVID‑19 epidemic is a global health crisis that, in addition to physical health,has affected the mental health of all individuals, especially health‑care workers, including nursesand family members. In this regard, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of COVID‑19epidemic on mental health of nurses’ family members.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present descriptive‑analytic and cross‑sectional study wasconducted in 2020 year on family members of nurses working in Hajar Hospital for admission andhospitalization of patients with COVID‑19, after obtaining the necessary permits and coordination. Toprevent the spread of COVID‑19 through respiratory or contact droplets, a blog was designed to collectdata using software. Participation in this study was voluntary. Data collection tools included consent,demographic questionnaire, and mental health questionnaire (Patient Health Questionnaire‑9). Datawere analyzed by SPSS version 22.RESULTS: Findings of this study showed that out of 208 family members of nurses participatingin this study, 96 were male and 112 were female and their mean age was 35.78 years, and 55.3%of the participants had university education. Their mean mental health score was 12.91 ± 3.75, sothat 22.6% of people had mild depression, 71.4% of people had moderate depression, and 1.8%of people had severe depression. Independent t‑test showed that there is a statistically significantrelationship between mental health and gender and marital status (P < 0.001). Furthermore, one‑wayanalysis of variance test showed that there is a significant relationship between mental health andage (P < 0.001); this test also showed that there is no relationship between education and mentalhealth (P = 0.75).CONCLUSION: The results indicate that the mental health of nurses’ family members is affectedby the challenges of COVID‑19 epidemic time, so that many of them suffer from some degree ofdepression. Therefore, supporting this population requires urgent action.

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Clinical instructors' Motivational roles and perceived effect on absenteeism among student nurses in a tertiary hospital, Benin-City, Nigeria

. Olaolorunpo Olorunfemi; . Rachael Olufunmilayo Oduyemi; . Christiana Olanrewaju Sowunmi; . Vitalis Okafor; . Lucy O. Chukwuka; . Ngozi Rosemary Osunde; . Achi Favour Ezinne

Volume 11, Issue 5 , June 2021, , Pages 1-6

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Absenteeism is a situation whereby students absence themselves from clinicalposting without good reason, this incidence among student nurses contributed a significant problemthat ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Absenteeism is a situation whereby students absence themselves from clinicalposting without good reason, this incidence among student nurses contributed a significant problemthat if not addressed will adversely affect the quality of nursing care; therefore, motivation of studentduring clinical posting found to be an important ingredient needed in eradicating absenteeism.Consequently, this study aims to determine the reasons why student nurses absenting themselvesfrom clinical posting, its effect and how clinical instructor can motivate student nurses since they arethe first role models and have a significant impact in their skill development.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A descriptive, quantitative design was used to elicit the informationfrom a sample of 80 nurses and 80 students’ nurses. Nurses: 25 medical surgical ward, 23 surgicalward, 17 obstetrics and gynecology ward, 15 theaters, and 80 student nurses, statistically drawnthrough a stratified sampling technique across the wards and school of nursing. Data collected wereanalyzed using tables, percentages, means, and standard deviation at 0.05 level of significancethrough the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software.RESULTS: The student participants reported that non conducive working environment, workingin infectious ward without adequate protection, noncooperation from clinical instructor, excessivenumber of clinical hours, embarrassment faced in front of patients and other medical personnel, lackof prompt medical treatment and care when sick, too much workload, and other number of clinicalassignments as a major reason why they absenting themselves from clinical posting. The effect ofstudent absenteeism and how students can be motivated is identified in this study.CONCLUSION: Reported factors leading to absenteeism among nursing students and identifiedmotivating care should be handled carefully by the hospital managers to produce better health-caredelivery’ nurses in future.

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Evaluation of the quality of working life and its effective factors in employed nurses of Tehran University of Medical Sciences Hospitals

. Farahnaz Khajehnasiri; . Abbas Rahimi Foroushani; . Bita Forati Kashani; . Negin Kassiri

Volume 11, Issue 3 , March 2021, , Pages 1-7

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Quality of working life (QWL) refers to aspects of life quality, which are related towork settings. This study was designed to evaluate the QWL and its effective factors ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Quality of working life (QWL) refers to aspects of life quality, which are related towork settings. This study was designed to evaluate the QWL and its effective factors among nursesof Tehran University of Medical Sciences Hospitals.MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cross‑sectional descriptive–analytical study, the demographicquestionnaire and work‑related quality of life questionnaire were used to collect data among 435nurses working in hospitals, affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences. This article has beenadapted from the approved project of Medical Ethics Committee of Tehran University of MedicalSciences (with the identification code 8911215132).RESULTS: The average QWL of nurses in the study was 50.56. There was a significant statisticalrelationship between gender, frequency of overtime, and working ward with QWL (P < 0.05). In amultivariate analysis, working ward had the only meaningful relationship.CONCLUSION: Due to low QWL of nurses in the emergency department, the need of interventionsto improve conditions and ultimately to increase QWL of nurses working in the emergency room isbeing reminded.

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Role of judgment in promoting nurses’ decisions and ethical behavior

. Fariba Borhani; . Abbas Abbaszadeh; . Abbas Bahrampour; . Golnaz Forough Ameri; . Azita Aryaeenezhad

Volume 11, Issue 3 , March 2021, , Pages 1-5

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Ethical decision‑making and behavior of nurses are major factors, which can effecton the quality of nursing care. It seems that there is a correlation between demographic ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Ethical decision‑making and behavior of nurses are major factors, which can effecton the quality of nursing care. It seems that there is a correlation between demographic variablesand ethical decision‑making and moral behaviors of nurses. Promoting patients’ health is one ofthe issues related to nurses’ ethical behaviors. The aim of this study was to determine the role ofjudgment in promoting nurses’ decisions and ethical behavior.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a descriptive, cross‑sectional study in which 260 nurses wereselected based on the inclusion criteria. Sampling method was available. The data collection tool wasthe Hospital Ethics Committee Survey Questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 20.RESULTS: In this study, judgments and ethical behaviors of nurses were evaluated at the moderateand good level. Gender, marriage status, education level, and nursing position were effective injudgments and ethical behavior of nurses. Age, job experience, and participation in the ethicsworkshop had no significant effect on ethical behavior and moral judgment. The mean score of moralbelief of nurses participating in this study was 181.56 ± 17.60, and their mean moral practice in thereal environment was 168.5 ± 17.77.CONCLUSION: The judgment competencies in ethical situation of nurses should be promoted toa higher level. It seems that more advanced educational methods are needed to achieve this goal.The findings from this study show the necessity of nurses’ ability to improve their behavior and moraljudgment. It also shows that nurses need more reinforcement based on the demographic variables.

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Training needs assessment of intensive care nurses in Zabol University of Medical Sciences’ Hospitals

. Javad Vatani; . Shima Javadifar; . Mohammad Ali Shahabi Rabori; . Zahra Khanikosarkhizi; . Tayebeh Ilaghinezhad Bardsirii; . Ehsan Mazloumi; . Naser Dehghan; . Ali Sadeghi Moghaddam; . Alireza Khammar; . Mehdi Raei

Volume 11, Issue 3 , March 2021, , Pages 1-7

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: The improvement of the knowledge, skill, and attitude of nurses working at theintensive care unit (ICU) through implementing training need assessment and holding continuousin‑service ...  Read More BACKGROUND: The improvement of the knowledge, skill, and attitude of nurses working at theintensive care unit (ICU) through implementing training need assessment and holding continuousin‑service training courses are of main requisites for providing better health services to the community.Based on this, in the present work, we are looking for the identification and prioritization of the trainingneed of intensive care nurses in the Zabol University of Medical Sciences’ hospitals.MATERIALS AND METHODS: As a cross‑sectional, descriptive study, including two phases ofidentification and prioritization of training needs of ICU nurses, it was conducted by a close‑endedresearcher‑made questionnaire for collecting the data on training needs from the viewpoint nursingofficials, supervisors, and head nurses of the ICU wards in the first phase and a multiple‑choicescientific test plus a checklist for measuring the knowledge and skill of the nurses in the ICU in thesecond phase. In both phases, census method was used for collecting the data. The validity andreliability of data‑gathering tools, mentioned above, were tested and verified before gathering data.Data were analyzed with the descriptive statistics.RESULTS: The results indicated that ventilator setting according to arterial blood gas samplingand interpretation (77.81), cardiac monitoring, detecting dysrhythmia and taking immediateintervention (73.04), ventilator setting according to patient’s respiratory status (68.61), airwaymanagement, oxygenation and intubation (64.39), and adults cardiopulmonary resuscitation (61.77)were the high‑priority training needs of the nurses successively.CONCLUSION: To improve the quality of training programs and upgrading the knowledge, skill,and attitude of nurses working at ICU, the significance and the weight of each training titles shouldbe determined according to the standards and the continuous in‑service training plan along withnurses’ training needs and duties.

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Promoting the psychosocial and communication aspects of nursing care quality using time management skills training

. Jamileh  Farokhzadian; . Sakineh Miri; . Mahboobe Doostkami; . Zahra Rezahosseini; . Parvin Mangolian Shahrbabaki

Volume 10, Issue 12 , December 2020, , Pages 1-7

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Although using time management skills is a major component of nursing professionalpractice, they have not received much attention. Time management training can improve thepsychological ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Although using time management skills is a major component of nursing professionalpractice, they have not received much attention. Time management training can improve thepsychological and communication aspects of nursing care quality. Therefore, this study aimed toevaluate the effect of time management skills training on the psychosocial and communicationaspects of nursing care quality.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This semi‑experimental study was conducted at Valiasr Hospital ofShahr Babak City, Kerman Province, in the Southeast of Iran, during 2018. The study populationconsisted of 100 nurses who were randomly assigned to one of the two groups: an interventiongroup or a control group. To identify and measure the outcomes, nurses’ perceptions of thepsychosocial and communication aspects of care quality were first assessed by the Quality PatientCare Scale (Qualpacs) at pretest. Then, the intervention group received the 2 days of training ontime management skills for 12 h. The posttest outcome data were collected from both the groups 1month after the intervention.RESULTS: No statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups with respectto the total mean scores of nursing care quality and its psychosocial and communication aspectsbefore the intervention (t = 1.96, P = 0.09). However, there was a statistically significant differencebetween the two groups in this regard after the intervention, and the mean nursing care quality scoresand its related aspects were improved in the intervention group (t = 5.76, P < 0.0001).CONCLUSIONS: The time management skills training could significantly improve psychosocial andcommunication aspects of nursing care quality. Health‑care managers should allocate facilities toclinical training programs so that health‑care professionals can acquire the time management skills.The higher effectiveness of time management training can be determined by its application in diversedomains of health care.

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Assessment on knowledge and practice of postexposure prophylaxis of human immuno‑deficiency virus among staff nurses and paramedical workers at a tertiary care hospital in South India

. Harsha Vardhini; . Nitya Selvaraj; . R. Meenakshi

Volume 10, Issue 10 , October 2020, , Pages 1-7

Abstract

  INTRODUCTION: Adequate knowledge about the presence of postexposure prophylaxis (PEP)against human immuno‑deficiency virus (HIV) is imperative for health‑care workers. This studyfocuses ...  Read More INTRODUCTION: Adequate knowledge about the presence of postexposure prophylaxis (PEP)against human immuno‑deficiency virus (HIV) is imperative for health‑care workers. This studyfocuses on the evaluation of the present knowledge and practice of nurses and paramedical workerson the post exposure prophylaxis against HIV.AIM: The aim of this study is to assess and compare the knowledge and practice of PEP againstHIV among Staff Nurses and Paramedical workers.SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A descriptive cross‑sectional questionnaire study about the knowledgeand practice of PEP against HIV among Staff nurses and Paramedical workers done at a tertiary carehospital in South India. The analysis of the data was performed using SPSS software version 24.The statistical tests used to compare the knowledge between nurses and paramedical workers wasChi‑square test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.RESULTS: About 339 nurses and 66 paramedical workers participated in the study. An overallof 65.4% of the study participants had a good level of knowledge, higher (P = 0.000) amongnurses (71.1%) compared to paramedical workers (36.3%). However, only 23% of nurses and 14.3%of paramedical workers received PEP after a needle prick injury.CONCLUSION: This study revealed a low‑level practice of HIV PEP among staff nurses andparamedical workers despite their good knowledge. This can be improved by providing formal trainingsessions to the health care workers.

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The association between nurses’ moral distress and sleep quality and their influencing factor in private and public hospitals in Iran

. Zeynab Rezaei Fard; . Arman Azadi; . Yousef Veisani; . Amirreza Jamshidbeigi

Volume 10, Issue 10 , October 2020, , Pages 1-8

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Nurses in their workplace, for a variety of reasons, always face moral distress thatis an underlying issue in the nursing profession, which can lead to problems such as ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Nurses in their workplace, for a variety of reasons, always face moral distress thatis an underlying issue in the nursing profession, which can lead to problems such as reduced qualityand quantity of care and sleep disorder. Besides, given the increased privatization of hospitals, thisstudy aimed to explore the association between nurses’ moral distress and sleep quality and itscomparison among nurses in private and public hospitals.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a descriptive‑analytical study involving 150 nurses workingin Ilam Province hospitals. Sampling conducted using a multistage random sampling method. Datawere collected through the questionnaire of sociodemographic characteristics, the Corley’s MoralDistress Scale, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Data were analyzed using SPSS softwareversion 22. Descriptive statistics such as frequency, mean, ANOVA, independent t‑test, multiple linearregression, and Pearson correlation coefficient at the significant level of P < 0.05 were calculated.RESULTS: The analysis revealed that moral distress was positively associated with sleep quality.Furthermore, the scores of nurses’ moral distress and sleep quality were different in private andpublic hospitals, so that the level of moral distress in the public hospital and sleep quality in theprivate hospital was higher and lower, respectively, but the difference was not statistically significant.Moreover, sleep quality, and the type of employment was the most important predicting variables ofmoral stress (B = 1.86) and sleep quality (B = 2.39), respectively.CONCLUSION: According to the study results, a positive and significant association was foundbetween moral distress and nurses’ sleep quality. It is recommended that appropriate strategiesand training program be formulated by the health‑care system to increase nurses’ ability to combatmoral distress adverse effects.

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Evaluation of in‑person continuing education programs from the perspective of ward nurses

. Nasrin Galehdar; . Maryam Ehsani; . Alireza Irajpour; . Soheila Jafari-Mianaei

Volume 10, Issue 9 , September 2020, , Pages 1-6

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Assessing how programs are implemented from the perspective of the learnersthemselves is one of the most effective ways to improve the quality of continuing education. The ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Assessing how programs are implemented from the perspective of the learnersthemselves is one of the most effective ways to improve the quality of continuing education. The aimwas to evaluate the implementation of in‑person continuing education programs from the perspectiveof nurses.METHODOLOGY: Setting of the study was the selected hospital of Isfahan University of MedicalSciences (Al‑zahra hospital). This study is a descriptive cross‑sectional one. Using a researcher‑madequestionnaire, the implementation of continuing education programs in four areas of the aim,educational techniques, educational content, and educational field was evaluated. The sampleconsisted of 236 nurses working in these hospitals who participated in the study through conveniencesampling. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 19 using descriptive statistics.RESULTS: Based on the results, “the need for new content learning” was mentioned as the firstpriority in continuing education programs. The majority of participants scored each of the followingdomains (aim, educational techniques, educational content, and education field) as well as all itemsrelated to the continuing education program evaluation as “moderate.”CONCLUSION: Most nurses assessed the implementation of in‑person continuing educationprograms implemented in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences in general and in each of thedomains as “moderate.” Therefore, in order to improve the quality of programs, it is necessary totake steps to match the goals with the needs of learners, improve teaching techniques, improve thequality of program contents, and optimize the scope of the programs.

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Nurses’ professional competences in providing care to the injured in earthquake: A qualitative study

. Soheila Ahangarzadeh Rezaei; . Alireza Abdi; . Farzaneh Akbari; . Khalil Moradi

Volume 10, Issue 7 , July 2020, , Pages 1-7

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Iran has experienced an increasing number of earthquake disasters in the pastthree decades. Due to nurses’ unique role as professional and volunteer responders in ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Iran has experienced an increasing number of earthquake disasters in the pastthree decades. Due to nurses’ unique role as professional and volunteer responders in times ofdisaster, more information is required regarding the capabilities they need to provide more effectivecare during the crisis. The aim of this study was to identify professional capabilities needed by nursesto provide care to the injured of earthquake.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study was conducted as a qualitative conventional contentanalysis, and data collection was carried out through 16 semi‑structured and in‑depth interviews withthe nurses involved in providing care to the injured in the Kermanshah earthquake. The data wereanalyzed following Graneheim and Lundman’s approach.RESULTS: Data analysis led to the emergence of 427 primary codes, 10 subcategories, and fourcategories. The four categories included clinical competence (professional knowledge and clinicalskills), personal competences (communication skills, resiliency, and creativity and innovationin providing care), ethical competence (commitment to ethics and professional responsibility),and essential skills in caring for the injured (skills in triage, psychological care skills, and skills inobservation and monitoring)CONCLUSION: The present study identified a wide range of professional capabilities required bynurses in disasters. Given that nurses do not acquire some of these specialized and technical skillsduring their education, it is recommended to enhance the professional capacity of nurses in disasters.In addition, special training programs in this field can be incorporated into the curriculum of nursingprograms and in-service nursing education.

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Comparison of the effect of electronic education and workshop on the satisfaction of nurses about Emergency Severity Index triage

. Ahmadreza Yazdannik; . Shahla Mohamadirizi; . Mohammad Nasr-Esfahani

Volume 10, Issue 6 , June 2020, , Pages 1-6

Abstract

  INTRODUCTION: Nurse educators need to develop the level of scientific and practical of the studentswith the goal of becoming expert nurses. However, the use of modern educational methods ...  Read More INTRODUCTION: Nurse educators need to develop the level of scientific and practical of the studentswith the goal of becoming expert nurses. However, the use of modern educational methods to raisethe motivation and satisfaction of learners can help individuals achieve this goal. Therefore, the aimof this study was to investigate the effect of health education in emergency nurses about triage.METHODS: A two‑group pool‑blind experimental study was performed on seventy emergency nurses.Samples were randomly assigned into two groups: e‑learning group (35 individuals = electroniceducation) and traditional group (35 = workshop education). The demographic questionnaire and thesatisfaction questionnaire before and 2 weeks after the intervention in both groups were completed.RESULTS: Independent t‑test showed that the satisfaction scores before intervention in bothe‑learning and traditional groups were not statistically significant, whereas there was a significantdifference between two groups after 2 weeks after the intervention (P = 0/015).CONCLUSION: Using nursing professors’ electronic education programs can increase the level ofsatisfaction and motivation in the nursing mothers. Therefore, the use of this new educational methodis recommended by managers and educational planners as an effective teaching.

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Training needs assessment of nursing managers for achieving university health coverage

. Sogand Tourani; . Zainab Malmoon; . Rouhollah Zaboli; . Mehdi Jafari; . Ali Nemati

Volume 10, Issue 6 , June 2020, , Pages 1-5

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: University health coverage gives everyone accesses to health services focusedon the most important causes of illness and death and ensures that the quality of services is ...  Read More BACKGROUND: University health coverage gives everyone accesses to health services focusedon the most important causes of illness and death and ensures that the quality of services is highenough to improve the health of those receiving services. Nurses as the largest group of staff in thehealth system play an important role in achieving UHC. This study aimed to determine the trainingneeds of nursing managers in universities of medical sciences of Iran in achieving UHC.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was a qualitative study conducted in 2019 using theframework method. There were 15 experts in nursing management, health management, and nursingauthorities at the national level using the purposive random sampling. Data were collected from theexpert panel. We used the Atlas.ti software version 7.2 and using the framework method for theanalysis of qualitative data. A set of codes organized into categories that were jointly developed bythe researchers involved in the analysis. The UHC framework used to summarize data in a way thatcould support answering research questions.RESULTS: This study showed that three educational modules leadership and strategic thinking,management, and decision‑making, achieving excellence in nursing management to capacity buildingof nursing managers in the country.CONCLUSION: Training leadership skills and strategic thinking in the nursing empowerment modulesilluminate global and national health roadmaps and policies and change attitudes to the model ofnursing service delivery. Since nurses are the largest group of professionals in the health system, itfacilitated by changes in the role and functions of the hospital and nurses to reach UHC.

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The use of physical restraints‑ knowledge and attitude of nurses of a tertiary care institute, Uttarakhand, India

. Sukhman Mehrok; . Xavier Belsiyal C; . Parveen Kamboj; . Amali Mery

Volume 10, Issue 3 , March 2020, , Pages 1-6

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: The use of physical restraint in health‑care settings is common and complex practiceas it has physical, psychological, judicial, ethical, and moral issues. Nurses are ...  Read More BACKGROUND: The use of physical restraint in health‑care settings is common and complex practiceas it has physical, psychological, judicial, ethical, and moral issues. Nurses are the key personsregarding physical restraint use in hospitals as they are managing the whole process beginning withdecision‑making, application, caring the restrained patients. Lack of understanding and negativeattitude of nurses in the use of physical restraints will hamper patient safety.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A descriptive cross‑sectional survey was carried out among 110rando  mly  selected nurses working in various departments at a tertiary care center Uttarakhand,India, in 2019. The data were collected using self‑reported questionnaires consisting of three parts:demographic information, knowledge assessment questionnaire, and attitude rating scale regardingthe use of restraints. Data were   analyzed using  the SPSS version  23 descriptive  (frequency,percentage, mean, mean percentage, and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Mann–Whitneyand independent t‑test).RESULTS: The findings indicated that the mean knowledge and attitude of the nurses for physicalrestraints were 13.9 ± 1.9 (0–20 points), 35.2 ± 4.7 (28–55 points), respectively. The study revealedthat there was no relationship found between knowledge and attitude of nurses regarding the useof physical restraints (r = 0.084).CONCLUSION: The knowledge and attitude regarding the use of restraints among nurses were foundto be moderate. In‑service training is highly recommended for nurses to improve the knowledge andpractices related to the use of physical restraint.

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The effect of emotional intelligence training on general health promotion among nurse

. Samira Foji; . Marjan Vejdani; . Hamid Salehiniya; . Razieh Khosrorad

Volume 10, Issue 1 , January 2020, , Pages 1-5

Abstract

  INTRODUCTION: The hospitals are a stressful environment for employees, especially nurses. Stressand other health problems may lead to occupational burnout and reduction of nurses’ ...  Read More INTRODUCTION: The hospitals are a stressful environment for employees, especially nurses. Stressand other health problems may lead to occupational burnout and reduction of nurses’ efficiency.The aim of the current study is to investigate the effect of emotional intelligence training on healthpromotion of nurses in Sabzevar Hospitals.METHODOLOGY: The current study is a field trial with a random control group. The samplegroup was 135 nurses of Sabzevar Hospitals. They were then divided randomly into experimentaland control groups. First, all of the samples answered the questionnaire of personal information,Bar‑On Emotional Intelligence, and General Health Questionnaire. The first group (intervention)was trained by giving the speech, and the second group (control) did not receive any interventionabout the subject of the study. The experimental group was then trained for the componentsof emotional intelligence and answered the questionnaire again. The significance level wasconsidered as P < 0.05.RESULTS: The results showed that the distribution of qualitative variables in the study was similarand also the scores of emotional intelligence and the dependent variables after intervention in theintervention group had a significant and inverse relationship, meaning that the score of emotionalintelligence decreased with the score of general health score. This could be significant in comparisonto the two groups. Findings showed that emotional intelligence at the beginning of the study inthe intervention and control groups were 35.03 ± 32 and 30.89 ± 33, respectively, and after theintervention, it was 29.68 ± 35 and 42.89 ± 34, respectively. Total general health was 19.76 ± 84 and18.77 ± 77 in the case group before intervention and 14.55 ± 56 in the case group and 17.68 ± 52in the control group, respectively (P < 0.001).CONCLUSION: Findings indicated the significant mutual effect of emotional intelligence changesand general health variables. It means as the score of emotional intelligence gets more, health scoredecreases and the rate of general health increases.

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Challenges of patient handover process in healthcare services: A systematic review

. Ahmadreza Raeisi; . Mostafa Amini Rarani; . Fatemeh Soltani

Volume 9, Issue 9 , September 2019, , Pages 1-6

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: The patient handover process is in fact a valuable and essential part of the careprocesses in the hospitals. This can be a factor in increasing the quality and effectiveness ...  Read More BACKGROUND: The patient handover process is in fact a valuable and essential part of the careprocesses in the hospitals. This can be a factor in increasing the quality and effectiveness of medicalcare. Incorrect and incomplete handover can increase the percentage of errors and cause seriousproblems for patients. The aim of this study was to identify the handover challenges concerningsafety and quality of health services.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic review was conducted according to the PreferredReporting Item for Systematic Reviews and Meta‑analyses guideline. The key words “challengesof patient handover” or “challenges of patient handoff” were used in combination with the Booleanoperators OR and AND. The ProQuest, Ovid, Doaj, Magiran, SID, Scopus, Science Direct, PubMed,and ISI were searched.RESULTS: A total of 263 articles were extracted, and 20 articles were selected for final review.The results of selected articles indicated that there are various challenges such as communication,noncoordination, nonuse of checklist, poor management, time management, and other things. Thesestudies reported that communication was the main challenge of handover process.CONCLUSIONS: Hospitals try to provide a lot of services to the patients and other customers in asafe and healthy environment. Lack of communication among the incoming and outgoing nurses inhandover process is one of the main causes of reduced safety and quality of services and patientdissatisfaction.

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Psychometric Testing of the Persian Version of the Conditions of Work Effectiveness Questionnaire-II (CWEQ-II-PV)

. Hamidreza Sadeghi‑Gandomani; . Negin Masoudi Alavi; . Mohammad Afshar

Volume 9, Issue 2 , February 2019, , Pages 1-7

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Structural empowerment (SE) is an effective method of advancing workenvironments and has previously been widely discussed in Western countries. Due to the lack ofculturally ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Structural empowerment (SE) is an effective method of advancing workenvironments and has previously been widely discussed in Western countries. Due to the lack ofculturally and academically accepted scales in Iran for measuring SE, localization of a foreign scalein this field is necessary.OBJECTIVES: This study aimed at investigating the validity and reliability of the Persian Version ofthe Conditions of Work Effectiveness Questionnaire‑II (CWEQ‑II‑PV) among Iranian nurses.METHODS: The present cross‑sectional methodological research was conducted during 2017–2018.Participants were 230 nurses working in four teaching hospitals affiliated to Kashan University ofMedical Sciences in Kashan, Iran, who were selected using quota sampling. A standard forward–backward translation procedure according to Wild et al. (2005) was used to translate the EnglishVersion of the CWEQ‑II to Persian. The psychometric evaluation processes were achieved by face,content, and construct validity (confirmatory factor analysis [CFA]). Reliability was examined usingtest–retest and Cronbach’s alpha for internal consistency reliability.RESULTS: The CWEQ‑II‑PV showed good content validity (the mean content validity scores forrelevancy, clarity, and simplicity were 94%, 96%, and 94%, respectively). In the CFA, the originalsix‑factor version with 19 items was confirmed. The original model was presented and incorporated inthe CFA, indicating an acceptable fit for the model (root mean square error of approximation = 0.06,comparative fit index = 0.92, goodness of fit index (GFI) = 0.94, and adjusted GFI = 0.91). Cronbach’salpha coefficient for the total scale was 0.84 and for each component ranged from 0.71 to 0.87,indicating good internal consistency, and the test–retest Spearman and intraclass correlationcoefficients were 0.93 and 0.87, respectively, showing good test–retest reliability.CONCLUSIONS: Evidence was found to support the reliability and validity of the CWEQ‑II‑PV scalethat measures the quality of the work environment for nurses from a SE perspective.

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