Journal of Education and Health Promotion

The relationship between attitude toward labor pain and length of the first, second, and third stages in primigravida women

. Saeedeh Mohamad Beigi; . Mahboubeh Valiani; . Mousa Alavi; . Soheila Mohamadirizi

Volume 9, Issue 7 , July 2019, , Pages 1-5

Abstract

  INTRODUCTION: Factors affecting labor pain include physiological, psychological, and social factors,among which psychological factors refer to attitudes and beliefs about labor pain. ...  Read More INTRODUCTION: Factors affecting labor pain include physiological, psychological, and social factors,among which psychological factors refer to attitudes and beliefs about labor pain. Hence, the presentstudy was conducted to determine the relationship between attitude toward labor pain and length ofthe first, second, and third stages in primigravida women.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross‑sectional study was performed on 230 pregnantwomen who were referred to hospitals affiliated to Isfahan University of Medical Sciences in atwo‑stage sampling in 2018. In the beginning, the participants completed the questionnaire ofdemographic/fertility characteristics and attitude to labor pain (25Q), and at the next stage, theresearcher completed the form of labor information including length of the labor stages. Data wereanalyzed by SPSS software version 22 and Pearson correlation coefficient, Student’s t‑test, one‑wayANOVA, and general linear regression.RESULTS: The mean (standard deviation) of the attitude to labor pain was 53.96 (1.9), and thelength of the first stage was 10.01 (0.3) (h), the second stage was 1.6 (0.4) (h), and the third stagewas 15.9 (1.7) (min). One hundred and eighty‑three (79.6%) had negative attitude and 47 (20.4%)had positive attitude toward labor pain. There was a significant positive correlation between attitudetoward labor pain and length of the first (P = 0.001, r = 0.37) and second stages of labor (P = 0.001,r = 0.24).   There was no significant between length of third stage of labor and attitude toward laborpain (P = 714).CONCLUSION: The results showed that the majority of primiparous women had a higher (negative)attitude toward labor pain, which was associated with  longe the first and second stages of labor.

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Exploring knowledge, attitude, and practices in relation to epilepsy among undergraduates for effective health promotion: Initial evaluation

. Meena Kolar Sridara Murthy; . Lakshmana Govindappa; . P. Marimuthu; . Madhuporna Dasgupta

Volume 9, Issue 6 , June 2019, , Pages 1-6

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: The condition of epilepsy has a considerable effect on a person’s social andpersonal life. Currently, a knowledge gap exists regarding the knowledge, attitude, and ...  Read More BACKGROUND: The condition of epilepsy has a considerable effect on a person’s social andpersonal life. Currently, a knowledge gap exists regarding the knowledge, attitude, and perceptiontowards epilepsy among graduate students. The objectives of the study were to initially explore theknowledge, attitude, practices and to examine their inter‑relationship among graduate students.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 300 3rd year Bachelor of Science graduate students fromcolleges near Hombegowda nagar, Bangalore, Karnataka were included from three colleges. Toachieve the objective mentioned, an instrument was framed and approved by specialists in the field.RESULTS: About 26% believed that epilepsy is a mental illness, 64% reported that it is not a disease ofthe brain, 96% believed it to be a hereditary disease. Attitude shows that 29%, 33%, and 49% believedthat Epilepsy can disturb anybody’s normal life, education, and occupation, respectively. About31% reported that if they see a person with epileptic attack they ran away. Knowledge score havesignificantly (P < 0.001) positive correlation of r = 0.810 and r = 0.794 with both attitude and practice,respectively. Attitude and practice also have significantly (P < 0.001) positive correlation (0.856) withpractice. This clearly shows that if knowledge increases, persons will have positive attitude and goodpractices whereas less knowledge leads to faulty attitude and practices.CONCLUSIONS: There is a need to include health education programs for school children andcollege students irrespective of streams, as it is crucial to bring an alteration in the presently observedperspective, behavior, and practice.

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Effect of workshop training along with simulation and support of labor practitioners on their attitude and performance in conducting routine episiotomy

. Mitra Eftekhari Yazdi; . Mostafa Rad; . Marzie Torkmannejad Sabzevari

Volume 9, Issue 6 , June 2019, , Pages 1-6

Abstract

  INTRODUCTION: Routine episiotomy is a common procedure to shorten the second stage of labor.The attitude of individuals is an important factor in episiotomy, which is often carried ...  Read More INTRODUCTION: Routine episiotomy is a common procedure to shorten the second stage of labor.The attitude of individuals is an important factor in episiotomy, which is often carried out withoutan indication. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of education and support of laborpractitioners on their attitude and performance in conducting routine episiotomy.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a quasi‑experimental study. A sample of 66 midwives,physicians, and midwifery faculty members were selected through the convenience sampling method.The data collection instrument was the questionnaire of personnel’s attitude toward episiotomy. Thisquestionnaire was completed by the participants before and 3 months after the intervention. A 16‑hworkshop about the education of natural childbirth for 2 days was performed on the experimentalgroup. Data analysis was performed using paired t‑test and Pearson’s correlation test.RESULTS: The findings showed that mean attitude of the participants toward episiotomy was50.5 ± 1.58 before the intervention, which changed to 61.18 ± 2.5 after the intervention, demonstratinga significant difference between the attitude of the participants before and after the intervention usingpaired t‑test (P < 0.001). In terms of the performance of the midwives, participating in the research,there was a significant decrease in the number of deliveries without episiotomy.CONCLUSIONS: According to the results of the study, education and support of midwifery personnelcan change the attitude and performance of these individuals in conducting a routine episiotomy,thereby reducing the number of child deliveries without episiotomy.

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A study on association of premarital attitude toward intact hymen in new grooms: A cross‑sectional study

. Fatemeh Nikirashidi; . Zohreh Ghorashi; . Shyasteh Esmaeilzadeh; . Zahra Asadollahi

Volume 9, Issue 3 , March 2019, , Pages 1-7

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Young people’s attitudes toward marriage have been undergone changes inrecent years and it seems to be contradicting in the struggle between conservative and modernliberal ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Young people’s attitudes toward marriage have been undergone changes inrecent years and it seems to be contradicting in the struggle between conservative and modernliberal attitudes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the attitude of new grooms toward intacthymen in Kerman.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross‑sectional study has been conducted on 790 new groomsin Kerman, Iran. In this study, we examined the attitudes in two aspects of sexual norm and personalattitude toward premarital relationships in new grooms. The sampling method was purposive samplingand the data were analyzed using t‑test and analysis of variance.RESULTS: The results of this study have showed a more conservative sexual attitude towardthe sexual norms of premarital sex. The average score of the participants in the sexual norm andpersonal attitude was, respectively 15.86 and 48.15, indicating that their conservative views havebeen overcome. Most of the samples (90%) have believed in required preserving virginity beforemarriage, and 82% believed in virginity as the most valuable asset of the girls. In this study, theconservative attitudes of men were inversely related with their age and were directly related withperceived sexual norm and the level of affinity to religious affairs.CONCLUSION: According to the results of this study, conservative attitudes toward premaritalrelationships are predominating in new grooms, but this is not generalized. The conservative attitudeof new grooms may have harmful effects on their interpersonal behaviors after marriage, whichrequires purposeful training.

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Young women’s attitude toward gender‑equitable norms on domestic chores and violence domains in Trivandrum

. Jissa Vinoda Thulaseedharan

Volume 9, Issue 1 , January 2019, , Pages 1-7

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Trivandrum is a place with better educational status for women. The aim of thisstudy is to describe young women’s attitude toward gender‑equitable norms.METHODS: ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Trivandrum is a place with better educational status for women. The aim of thisstudy is to describe young women’s attitude toward gender‑equitable norms.METHODS: A cross‑sectional survey was conducted in Trivandrum, using multistage clustersampling method. Participants were 18–28‑year‑old married (n = 203) and unmarried (n = 104)women. The scales of domestic chores and daily life domain items and violence domain items fromthe compendium of gender scales were used to assess the attitude toward gender‑equitable norms.Pearson Chi‑square test was used to check the significance of the associations.RESULTS: The high support to gender‑equitable norms on domestic chores and daily life domainwas 29% and 18% and violence domain was 25% and 14% among unmarried and marriedwomen, respectively. Education was interrupted among 55% of married women due to marriage,pregnancy, childcare, and lack of resources. The ability to take final decision to work outside thehome (32% vs. 45%) and in obtaining health care (65% vs. 73%) was low among married womencompared to unmarried women. Higher education did not affect the attitude of young women towardgender‑equitable norms on “violence domain,” but the highly educated married women showed aslightly better support for “domestic chores and daily life domain” and had a major say in takingdecisions on health‑care seeking and work outside home.CONCLUSIONS: In general, the support for gender‑equitable norms and the freedom indecision‑making are not satisfactory among young women. Education alone cannot make rapidchanges in the attitude of young women toward gender‑equitable norms since it is strongly connectedwith social norms and practices.

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Physical activity for healthy pregnancy among Iranian women: Perception of facilities versus perceived barriers

. Zahra Toghiyani; . Ashraf Kazemi; . Nafisehsadat Nekuei

Volume 9, Issue 1 , January 2019, , Pages 1-6

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Regular physical activity during preconception period has beneficial effectson the health of women during conception and the identification of factors associated with it ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Regular physical activity during preconception period has beneficial effectson the health of women during conception and the identification of factors associated with it isan effective factor for improving the behavior. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate therelationship between the physical activity and health belief model (HBM) constructs (perceivedsusceptibility/severity, barriers, and self‑efficacy) as intrapersonal factors among women undergoingpreconception care.METHODS: In this cross‑sectional study, 110 women who were undergoing preconception care werecarried out. Moreover, health belief constructs and attitude toward physical activity were assessedthrough the use of researcher‑made questionnaire. In addition, the duration of physical activity withmoderate/vigorous intensity was evaluated utilizing a long form of the International Physical ActivityQuestionnaire.RESULTS: The results showed that although there was a relationship between the all health beliefconstructs and attitude toward physical activity and the duration of leisure physical activities carriedout during (P < 0.05), but using the linear regression test showed that only perceived barriers,independent from other variables, had a significant inverse correlation with this type of activities(β = −0.27, P = 0.02).CONCLUSION: The findings of this study showed that among the constructs of theHBM, perceivedbarriers are the most important predictor of physical activity in women during the preconceptionperiod and emphasize the need to design possible means to promote physical activity to removebarriers to effective physical activity.

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Assessment of knowledge, attitude, and practice toward responsible self‑medication among students of pharmacy colleges located in Anantapur district, Andhra Pradesh, India

. F. Susheela, Narayana Goruntla; . Pradeep Kumar Bhupalam; . K. V. Veerabhadrappa; . Bogireddy Sahithi, S. M. G. Ishrar

Volume 8, Issue 8 , August 2018, , Pages 1-8

Abstract

  INTRODUCTION: Responsible self‑medication plays a vital role in appropriate use of nonprescriptiondrugs which will improve safety and reduces unwanted effects of drugs.AIM: This study ...  Read More INTRODUCTION: Responsible self‑medication plays a vital role in appropriate use of nonprescriptiondrugs which will improve safety and reduces unwanted effects of drugs.AIM: This study is designed to assess knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) toward responsibleself‑medication among pharmacy students.SETTINGS AND DESIGN: A cross‑sectional survey was conducted in pharmacy students of variouscolleges located in Anantapur district, Andhra Pradesh, India.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 403 pharmacy students were enrolled and subjected forinterview using prevalidated KAP questionnaire on responsible self‑medication.STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Descriptive statistics were used to represent the sociodemographiccharacteristics and KAP levels. Association of socio‑demographic variables with KAP levels aredetermined using the Chi‑square test.RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: A total of 403 pharmacy students are recruited in the study, in these19 (4.7%) diploma in pharmacy, 260 (64.5%) bachelor in pharmacy, 27 (6.7%) master in pharmacy, and97 (24.1%) are doctor of pharmacy. Among 403 respondents, 150 (37.2%) good knowledge, 397 (98.5%)positive attitude, and 170 (42.2%) practice toward responsible self‑medication. Respondent’s age,pharmacy division, residence, and their parents’ profession were significantly associated with goodknowledge and rational practice toward responsible self‑medication with a P < 0.05.CONCLUSION: The study concludes that pharmacy students are shown more positive attitude towardresponsible self‑medication. However, students are lack of knowledge and practice of responsibleself‑medication.

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Breast self‑examination awareness and practices in young women in developing countries: A survey of female students in Karachi, Pakistan

. Ayesha Ahmed; . Ibrahim Zahid; . Zoya Fatima R Ladiwala; . Rija Sheikh; . Amjad S Memon

Volume 8, Issue 7 , July 2018, , Pages 1-9

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is a leading cause of deaths worldwide. In Pakistan, one in everynine women develops breast cancer some time in her life. This high incidence of breast cancer ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is a leading cause of deaths worldwide. In Pakistan, one in everynine women develops breast cancer some time in her life. This high incidence of breast cancer andthe poor socioeconomic conditions of Pakistan make breast self‑examination (BSE) the best tool forthe prevention and early diagnosis of breast cancer. Therefore, the aim of the study was to assessthe knowledge, attitude, and practice of BSE among female college students of Karachi, Pakistan.METHODS: A cross‑sectional study was conducted on 1000 students from June to December 2016.Data were collected using a pre-piloted questionnaire, and SPSS (version 20) was used for dataanalysis. Chi‑square test was used to determine the significance of the difference in knowledgeand attitude among participants who had performed BSE and those who had not. A P < 0.05 wasconsidered statistically significant.RESULTS: The overall response rate was 90.9%. Although 71.4% of the women knew what BSEwas, only 33.1% had performed it. Majority of the participants considered that BSE is important inthe early detection of breast cancer. With 59.7% of the population having an adequate amount ofknowledge, 87.2% had a positive attitude toward BSE. A medical background was found to be asignificant predictor for adequate knowledge and a positive attitude toward BSE.CONCLUSION: Despite a positive attitude found among the population toward BSE, its knowledgeand practice were inadequate. Educational interventions are required in Pakistan to encourageyoung women to perform BSE regularly so that breast abnormalities can be detected early on andmortalities can be minimized.

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A high school‑based education concerning drug abuse prevention

. Atoosa Bonyani; . Leila Safaeian; . Mojtaba Chehrazi; . Alireza Etedali; . Mahsa Zaghian; . Farnaz Mashhadian

Volume 8, Issue 7 , July 2018, , Pages 1-6

Abstract

  OBJECTIVE: There is increasing evidence for declining the onset age of drug abuse worldwide. Thisstudy was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of four educational methods including ...  Read More OBJECTIVE: There is increasing evidence for declining the onset age of drug abuse worldwide. Thisstudy was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of four educational methods including lecture,presentation of poster and leaflet, presentation of video clip, and group/class discussion for life skillstraining and changing in knowledge and attitude of adolescents toward drug abuse.MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a pretest–posttest design, a sample of 897 girl and boy highschool students from the first grade (14–15 years old) were involved in this cross‑sectional studyconducted in Isfahan, Iran. After collection of pretest questionnaires, each educational method wasimplemented separately for one class in one session (3 h) in each high school, and evaluation wascarried out immediately after intervention through posttest questionnaires by the same students.RESULTS: According to paired t‑test, the video clip‑ and lecture‑based methods were significantlyefficient in changing the attitudes toward drug abuse in boy and girl students, respectively. Analysisof covariance showed significant differences between girls and boys in pretest–posttest attitudescores using group discussion‑based and video clip‑based methods.CONCLUSION: Life skills training program through lecture‑based and video clip‑based educationalmethods was considerably effective in changing the high school students’ attitude toward drug abuseand addiction.

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Awareness of anti‑tobacco advertisements and its influence on attitude toward tobacco use among 16 to 18‑year‑old students in Belgaum city: A Cross‑sectional study

. Akshatha Gadiyar; . Anil Ankola; . Ladusingh Rajpurohit

Volume 8, Issue 7 , July 2018, , Pages 1-6

Abstract

  INTRODUCTION: Tobacco epidemic is one of the biggest public health threats the world has everfaced. Tobacco use is a significant public health problem worldwide and the single‑most ...  Read More INTRODUCTION: Tobacco epidemic is one of the biggest public health threats the world has everfaced. Tobacco use is a significant public health problem worldwide and the single‑most preventablerisk of human health. Mass media anti‑tobacco advertisements can reach large sections of the societyand increase awareness about the harms of tobacco use and increase quit attempts.METHODOLOGY: This cross‑sectional study was conducted to find out the awareness of anti‑tobaccoadvertisements and to assess the influence of anti‑tobacco advertisements among 16 to 18‑year‑oldstudents in Belgaum city. A self‑structured, close‑ended, 26‑item questionnaire was distributed to 600preuniversity students. The questionnaire consisted of sociodemographic data, tobacco usage status,questions related to awareness about anti‑tobacco advertisements, and influence of anti‑tobaccoadvertisements on attitude toward tobacco use. Frequency distributions and percentages wereexamined for each item and Chi‑square test was used.RESULTS: Majority of the study participants (89.4% males and 86.7% females) were aware of theanti‑tobacco advertisements. Television and movie theaters were considered as the most effectivemeans for anti‑tobacco advertisements. Nearly 90.8% had noticed the statutory warning which isshown during tobacco products’ usage on television/movies. Almost 78.35% of males and 90.6%of females had a positive change in attitude toward tobacco use due to influence of anti‑tobaccoadvertisements.CONCLUSION: There is an increased awareness on anti‑tobacco and this has been proved to beeffective in motivating them to quit tobacco as well as stop them from initiating tobacco use.

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Satisfaction level among patients visiting a rural dental institution toward rendered dental treatment in Haryana, North India

. Mohit Bansal; . Nidhi Gupta; . Gurpreet Kaur Saini; . Neha Sharma

Volume 8, Issue 6 , June 2018, , Pages 1-5

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: To provide quality care to the patient’s perspective and patient satisfaction aretwo major multidimensional concepts. In India, patient satisfaction with dental services ...  Read More BACKGROUND: To provide quality care to the patient’s perspective and patient satisfaction aretwo major multidimensional concepts. In India, patient satisfaction with dental services has receivedonly minor attention as the importance of the teeth is always neglected.OBJECTIVE: To assess the satisfaction level among patients toward dental treatment rendered atan academic institution.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross‑sectional study was conducted among 474 voluntary camppatients visiting Department of Public Health Dentistry, Swami Devi Dyal Hospital and Dental College,Barwala, using a 14‑item closed ended questionnaire which included demographic details, attitude,and practices of the participants and their satisfaction level to the treatment rendered to them wasgraded as highly satisfied, satisfied, and not satisfied. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 18which covered both descriptive and inferential statistics.RESULTS: Curative and preventive treatment was mostly required in younger age groups whereasextraction and prosthetic rehabilitation were found to be present in older age groups. Lack ofeducation and awareness was the most common reason behind not seeking treatment. Majority of theparticipants were satisfied with the treatment rendered and were found to be statistically significantwith visiting and referrals (P < 0.01).CONCLUSION: Imparting proper and appropriate information regarding the dental treatment willdefinitely change the attitude of the patients, thus help in raising the satisfaction levels.

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Effectiveness of training program on attitude and practice of infection control measures among nurses in two teaching hospitals in Ogun State, Nigeria

. Adekunbi Abosede Farotimi; . Ezekiel Olasunkanmi Ajao; . Iyabo Yewande Ademuyiwa; . Chinomso Ugochukwu Nwozichi

Volume 8, Issue 6 , June 2018, , Pages 1-7

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Infection control has become a major concern in the health‑care system andhealth‑care workers, particularly nurses are at high risk of infection. This study, therefore, ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Infection control has become a major concern in the health‑care system andhealth‑care workers, particularly nurses are at high risk of infection. This study, therefore, examinedthe effect of a training program on attitude and practice of infection control among nurses in twotertiary hospitals in Ogun State, Nigeria.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study adopted a pretest–posttest quasi‑experimental design.The sample consisted of 87 participants. The experimental group consisted of 42 registerednurses from Babcock University Teaching Hospital, Ogun state, Nigeria, while the control groupconsisted of 45 registered nurses from Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital, Sagamu,Nigeria. The instrument for data collection was attitude toward components of infection controlquestionnaire (r = 72) and practice of infection control questionnaire (r = 76). Data were analyzedusing SPSS version 21.0 (SPSS Inc. Chicago IL, USA).RESULTS: Findings showed that the mean age in the experimental group was 34.92 ± 8.9 while thecontrol group was 47.43 ± 6.6. The average years of experience for the experimental group were10.42 ± 9.9 while that of the control group were 21.89 ± 8.7. Responses on attitude showed that 30participants (69%) had positive attitude in the experimental group compared to 21 participants (46.7%)in the control group. The mean difference was 4.02. Significant difference was observed betweenmean attitude score of participants in the experimental group and control group (P = 0.03), betweenmean practice score (P = 0.001), and between self‑reported and observed practices (P = 0.000).CONCLUSION: The training was effective in improving attitude and practice of infection control.Adequate provision of structured training programs on infection control measures is recommended.

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Survey of medical students’ attitude and knowledge toward physical medicine and rehabilitation in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences

. Saeed Khosrawi; . Hadis Ramezanian; . Roya Mollabashi

Volume 8, Issue 4 , April 2018, , Pages 1-6

Abstract

  CONTEXT: Physical medicine and rehabilitation (PMR) is a specialized clinical field of musculoskeletaldiseases and physical impairment that is unknown for most of the medical students.AIMS: ...  Read More CONTEXT: Physical medicine and rehabilitation (PMR) is a specialized clinical field of musculoskeletaldiseases and physical impairment that is unknown for most of the medical students.AIMS: This study aimed to assess medical students’ attitude and knowledge toward PMR and itsrole in the diagnosis and treatment of musculoskeletal diseases.SETTING AND DESIGN: This cross‑sectional study was done on 175 medical students of IsfahanUniversity of Medical Sciences from 2015 to 2016. Sample population was selected by randomsampling among 350 students.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Participants were evaluated by a research‑made questionnairewith confirmed validity and reliability. This questionnaire included 36 questions divided in four partsincluding demographic data, knowledge, attitude, and performance ranking.STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Data were analyzed using SPSS 20. Statistical test for quantitativeand qualitative variables was carried out by mean ± standard deviation and percentage or number,respectively. For analyzing variables, Student’s t‑test and Chi‑square test were used.RESULTS: In this study, 150 medical students with a mean age of 24.48 ± 1.48 years participatedof which 40% of them were male. The mean score of Student’s knowledge about PMR and its rolein diagnosis and treatment of disorders was 5.16 ± 1.90, and 91.3% had low level of knowledge.The mean score of student’s attitude toward PMR and its role in the diagnosis and treatment ofmusculoskeletal problems was 3.33 ± 0.46, and 69.3% had attitude level above the average.Evaluation of student’s performance showed that when they manage patients with musculoskeletalproblems as general physician, they refer the patients to physiatrists at the first step if it is necessary.CONCLUSION: Understanding the factors influencing the attitudes and knowledge of medical studentsis prime to help establishing the roles, providing proper facilities, carrying out successful planning totrain expert physicians and create a motivated environment in medical schools.

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Attitudes of undergraduate medical students toward mental illnesses and psychiatry

. Nimisha D. Desai; . Paragkumar D. Chavda

Volume 8, Issue 4 , April 2018, , Pages 1-7

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Worldwide, studies show negative attitude among medical students toward psychiatryand mental illness. The knowledge of the attitude and awareness of the undergraduate medical ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Worldwide, studies show negative attitude among medical students toward psychiatryand mental illness. The knowledge of the attitude and awareness of the undergraduate medical studentstoward psychiatry, mental health, and psychiatric disorders are most important as they are going to beinvolved in the care of these patients either directly or indirectly during the later years of their careers.AIM: This study aims to assess attitude toward psychiatry and mental illness among undergraduatemedical students.METHODOLOGY: The responses of 67 medical students from the 6th semester (third professionalyear) batch who completed their 2‑week clinical posting of psychiatry in 4th semester (i.e., secondprofessional year) were collected using validated questionnaires, attitude towards mental illness (AMI),and attitude towards psychiatry (ATP) that assessed their attitudes to psychiatry and mental illness.Double data entry and validation were done using EpiData and analysis using Epi Info software.RESULTS: Median AMI score was 54 (out of maximum 100) showing a neutral AMI. Median ATPscore was 82 (out of maximum 150) also showing a neutral ATP. The theme‑wise analysis showedthat the attitude of students toward psychiatrist and psychiatry branch was relatively better comparedto their AMI.CONCLUSION: Undergraduate students have a neutral attitude to psychiatry and mental illness.More efforts are needed to change the attitude to favorable side.

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Knowledge, attitude, and practice of parents of 7–12‑year‑old children regarding fissure sealant therapy and professional fluoride therapy

. Bahareh Tahani; . Ghasem Yadegarfar; . Azimeh Ahmadi

Volume 7, Issue 6 , December 2017, , Pages 1-7

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: To increase the utilization of preventive dental care, it is essential to improvethe knowledge and attitude of parents about such cares. The aim of this study was to evaluatethe ...  Read More BACKGROUND: To increase the utilization of preventive dental care, it is essential to improvethe knowledge and attitude of parents about such cares. The aim of this study was to evaluatethe knowledge, attitude, and practice of school children’s parents toward fissure sealant (FS) andprofessional fluoride therapy in Isfahan.MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cross‑sectional study, school children’s parents (n = 637) wereselected based on proportional cluster sampling. A valid and reliable questionnaire was designed,including demographic section, questions about parents’ experience and their knowledge and attitudeabout professional fluoride and FS therapy. Data were analyzed by ANOVA, regression, Chi‑square,and correlation coefficient tests.RESULTS: The means of total knowledge and knowledge about fluoride therapy and FS were 5.9 ± 4.1out of 19, 3.3 ± 2.0 out of 9 and 2.6 ± 2.7 out of 10, respectively. The mean of attitude was 33.7 ± 5.8.The mean of knowledge toward FS therapy was significantly higher in academically educatedparents (P = 0.023). The mean of total knowledge among those who received their knowledge by theirdentist was also significantly higher than that of other resources such as mass media (P = 0.003).Total knowledge was positively correlated with attitude (P < 0.001, coefficient = 0.5). Of participants,10.4% (54) and 23.2% (124) had the experience of FS and fluoride therapy, respectively.CONCLUSION: Based on the low level of knowledge regarding professional preventive care in thisstudy and the effectiveness of knowledge acquired through dentists and mass media consultations,it might be effective to require them to consider such training more seriously.

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Comparing the effect of group‑based and compact disk‑based training on midwives’ knowledge and attitude toward domestic violence in women of reproductive age

. Masoomeh Vakily; . Mahnaz Noroozi; . Nikoo Yamani

Volume 7, Issue 4 , July and August 2017, , Pages 1-5

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Training the health personnel about domestic violence would cause them toinvestigate and evaluate this issue more than before. Considering the new educational approachesfor ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Training the health personnel about domestic violence would cause them toinvestigate and evaluate this issue more than before. Considering the new educational approachesfor transferring knowledge, the goal of this research was to compare the effect of group‑based andcompact disk (CD)‑based training on midwives’ knowledge and attitude toward domestic violence.METHODS: In this clinical experiment, seventy midwives working at health centers and hospitalsof Isfahan were randomly allocated into two classes of group‑based and CD‑based trainings andwere trained in the fields of recognition, prevention, and management of domestic violence. Datawere collected by questionnaires which were completed by the midwives for evaluation of theirknowledge and attitude.RESULTS: The mean score of midwives’ knowledge and attitude toward domestic violence hada meaningful increase after the training (16.1, 46.9) compared to the score of before the training(12.1, 39.1) in both of the classes (group‑based training: 17.7, 45.4) (CD‑based training: 11.7, 38.6).No meaningful difference was observed between the two groups regarding midwives’ attitude towarddomestic violence after the intervention; however, regarding their knowledge level, the differencewas statistically meaningful (P = 0.001), and this knowledge increase was more in the CD‑basedtraining group.CONCLUSIONS: In spite of the effectiveness of both of the training methods in promoting midwives’knowledge and attitude about domestic violence, training with CD was more effective in increasingtheir knowledge; as a result, considering the benefits of CD‑based training such as cost‑effectivenessand possibility of use at any time, it is advised to be used in training programs for the health personnel.

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Medical radiation workers’ knowledge, attitude, and practice to protect themselves against ionizing radiation in Tehran Province, Iran

. Seyedeh Shohreh Alavi; . Sima Taghizadeh Dabbagh; . Mahya Abbasi; . Ramin Mehrdad

Volume 7, Issue 3 , May and June 2017, , Pages 1-7

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Medical radiation workers are potentially at a risk of unwanted ionizing radiationexposures. This study assessed the radiation protection knowledge, attitude, and practice ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Medical radiation workers are potentially at a risk of unwanted ionizing radiationexposures. This study assessed the radiation protection knowledge, attitude, and practice (RP‑KAP)of health‑care workers who are occupationally exposed to radiation regarding protecting themselvesfrom radiation.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was cross‑sectional in design and was carried out in 16hospitals affiliated to the Tehran University of Medical Sciences between May and September 2014.Total health‑care workers who were occupationally exposed to radiation comprising 670 individualswere included in the study based on census sampling method. In total, 413 individuals consentedto complete an anonymous 32‑item questionnaire comprising single best choice questions with anumerical value assigned to each correct answer. Each set of RP‑KAP questions was scored andcategorized as poor, medium, and good. The effect of independent variables for prediction of RP‑KAPwas explored using linear regression analyses.RESULTS: A significant number of participants had poor RP‑knowledge (78.9%), RP‑attitude (70.7%),and RP‑practice (32.4%). Based on linear regression analyses, it was found that field of study (β = 0.1,P = 0.001), marital status (β = −0.14, P = 0.01), and level of education (β = 0.2, P < 0.001) were thepredictors of higher RP‑knowledge. In‑service RP‑training (β = 0.1, P = 0.04) was associated withan increased RP‑attitude. Being a woman (β = 0.2, P < 0.001) and longer years of experience withradiation (β = 0.2, P < 0.001) were significantly related to better practice.CONCLUSION: In‑service training with appropriate qualified and up‑to‑date materials based onradiation workers’ educational needs and approved protocols and guidelines is recommended.

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Hospital managers’ attitude and commitment toward electronic medical records system in Isfahan hospitals 2014

. Maryam Jahanbakhsh; . Saeed Karimi; . Akbar Hassanzadeh; . Maliheh Beigi

Volume 7, Issue 2 , May and June 2017, , Pages 1-5

Abstract

  INTRODUCTION: Electronic medical record system (EMRS) is a valuable system for safe accessto the patient’s data and increases health care quality. Manpower is one of the requirements ...  Read More INTRODUCTION: Electronic medical record system (EMRS) is a valuable system for safe accessto the patient’s data and increases health care quality. Manpower is one of the requirements forEMRS, among which manager is the most important person in any hospital. Taking into accountmanager’s positive attitude and good commitments, EMRS will be implemented successfully. Assuch, we decided to assess manager’s attitude and commitment toward EMRS in Isfahan hospitalsin the year of 2014.AIM: This article aimed to determine the hospital managers’ attitude and commitment toward theimplementation of EMRS.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present article is an applied analytic study. Research societyconsisted of the managers of all the hospitals in Isfahan that include hospitals affiliated to IsfahanUniversity of Medical Sciences, private, and social security hospitals. This study was done in 2014.Data collection tools included a questionnaire for which reliability and validity were determined. Datawere analyzed by means of SPSS 20.RESULTS: Average score for the managers’ attitude toward EMRS in the city of Isfahan was 77.5out of 100 and their average score for commitment was 74.7. Manager’s attitude in social securityhospitals was more positive than the private and governmental ones (83.3%). In addition, the amountof commitment by the managers in social security hospitals was higher than the same in private andgovernmental hospitals (86.6%).CONCLUSION: At present, managers’ attitude and commitment in Isfahan hospitals toward EMRSare very high and social security hospitals show more readiness in this respect.

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Knowledge, attitude, and practice of urban Gujarati type 2 diabetics: Prevalence and impact on disease control

. Jayesh Dalpatbhai Solanki; . Nidhi Shaileshbhai Sheth; . Chinmay J. Shah; . Hemant B. Mehta

Volume 7, Issue 2 , May and June 2017, , Pages 1-7

Abstract

  CONTEXT: Type 2 diabetes is the modern epidemic wherein patient care needs multiple approaches,education, and self‑awareness being one of them. There are some knowledge, attitude, ...  Read More CONTEXT: Type 2 diabetes is the modern epidemic wherein patient care needs multiple approaches,education, and self‑awareness being one of them. There are some knowledge, attitude, andpractice (KAP) studies from India but very few relating it with disease control.AIMS: We tried to study KAP of treated type 2 diabetics and its correlation with glycemic control.SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Cross‑sectional KAP study.SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We formulated KAP questionnaires in the form of KAP ‑ 10 pointsfor each and total 30. We recruited 200 type 2 diabetics (96 males, 104 females) treated by MDphysicians with known current glycemic status. They were asked KAP questionnaires one toone by a direct interview in local language and results were associated with various factors andglycemic control.RESULTS: KAP score on was average 19 out of 30 in type 2 diabetics having mean age 58 years,mean duration 9 years. KAP score was unaffected by gender, occupation, duration of disease butsignificantly affected by current age, and education level. Only 40% patients had good glycemiccontrol who scored better KAP than poor glycemic. There was positive correlation between KAPscore and glycemic control, with significance for only glycosylated hemoglobin and not fasting bloodsugar, postprandial blood sugar.CONCLUSIONS: Physician treated type 2 diabetics of our region had moderate KAP score, affectedby age, education which suggested to affect glycemic control. Lacunae in knowledge regardingincurability of disease, attitudes toward complication, self‑care, and good practices like walking,enriching knowledge need improvement so as an optimum glycemic control.

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Effectiveness of a program on evidence‑based dentistry in dental students

. Naghmeh Feyzi Najaf; . Imaneh Asgari

Volume 7, Issue 2 , May and June 2017, , Pages 1-5

Abstract

  INTRODUCTION: Evidence‑based dentistry (EBD) is an approach to oral healthcare by combiningthe best scientific evidence and clinical diagnostics, clinical expertise of the dentist, ...  Read More INTRODUCTION: Evidence‑based dentistry (EBD) is an approach to oral healthcare by combiningthe best scientific evidence and clinical diagnostics, clinical expertise of the dentist, and the patient’streatment needs and preferences. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effectiveness ofan education program on EBD offered in a community‑dentistry course in improving knowledge andattitudes of students in this regard.STUDY METHODS: By a quasi‑experimental study design, 64 senior dental students of IslamicAzad University of Khorasgan recruited in a controlled trial. All of the students were randomized asintervention (32) and control (32) groups. A course‑based educational program on EBD was randomlyassigned to one group. Actual knowledge, self‑assessed knowledge, and attitudes, before and aftereducation, were measured in both groups. A questionnaire consisted of 40 items developed by theresearcher was used after confirming its validity and reliability. The difference between mean scoresat two timelines were measured and compared in three fields by paired t‑test and independent t‑testanalysis via SPSS version 20 software.RESULTS: While the mean scores of actual and self‑assessed knowledge and attitude were notsignificantly different between two groups at the beginning of the program (P > 0.05), the meanscores of all fields in the intervention group were significantly more than those of the control groupafter education (P < 0.001). The effect size of intervention was 86%, 62%, and 57% in three fields,respectively. There was not a significant difference between mean scores of three fields in the controlgroup, after the intervention.CONCLUSION: Due to the poor knowledge and attitudes of students and improved knowledge andattitudes of the intervention group after education, the education program seems to be effective.Durability of educational impact and evaluating evidence‑based performance can be studied in thefuture.

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Comparing two instructional methods of role playing and lecture on primigravida females, decision about type of delivery

. Zahra Abedian; . Maryam Navaee; . Hossein Jafari Sani; . Saeed Ebrahimzadeh

Volume 7, Issue 2 , May and June 2017, , Pages 1-7

Abstract

  INTRODUCTION: Each mother has the legal right to decide about her delivery, but this decisionshould be made based on scientific knowledge. Instructions during pregnancy help to choose ...  Read More INTRODUCTION: Each mother has the legal right to decide about her delivery, but this decisionshould be made based on scientific knowledge. Instructions during pregnancy help to choose theproper type of delivery. This study conducted aimed to compare two instructional methods of roleplaying and lecture on primigravida decision about type of delivery.SUBJECTS AND METHODS: In this single‑blind clinical trial 67 primigravida, 34–36 week wereselected using multi‑stage sampling and assigned into two groups randomly. Decision‑making(before, 2‑week after, and at admission in maternity department) was tested by a questionnaire. Inrole‑playing group, advantages and disadvantages of two type delivery were presented by role‑playingin 90‑min by three scenarios. In lecture group, it was also presented in a 90‑min lecture. Data wereanalyzed by mean difference test, Fisher test, independent and paired t‑test.RESULTS: Two groups showed a significant difference in terms of decision at admission tomaternity department (P = 0.000). 75% of lecture group and 100% of role‑playing group selectednormal delivery. Postintervention knowledge score in lecture group was 18 ± 5.3 and in role‑playinggroup 17.1 ± 4.0. Percent of change in knowledge scores in two groups was significant (P = 0.001).Participants’ attitude, before and after the intervention, in both groups was significant (P < 0.05).Mean difference of pre‑ and post‑test in relation to two groups’ knowledge and attitude scores wasnot significant (P > 0.05).CONCLUSION: In this research, lecture was more effective in raising knowledge level, and roleplaying was more effective in raising decision to vaginal delivery and reducing elective caesareansection. It is therefore suggested to use both teaching methods altogether for pregnant women todecrease the rate of unnecessary cesarean.

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Assessment of knowledge, attitude, and practice with regard to evidence‑based dentistry among dental students in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences

. Faezeh Eslamipour; . Marzieh Ghaiour

Volume 6, Issue 1 , 2016, , Pages 1-6

Abstract

  Aim: Evidence‑based dentistry (EBD) is an approach to oral health that requires theapplication and examination of relevant scientific data related to the patient’s oral healthand ...  Read More Aim: Evidence‑based dentistry (EBD) is an approach to oral health that requires theapplication and examination of relevant scientific data related to the patient’s oral healthand his priorities. The aim of this study was to assess knowledge, attitude, and practice ofdental students of Isfahan about EBD. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study,168 dental students in 3 final years of their education who engaged in clinical practice byconsensus sampling were recruited. For data collection, a validated questionnaire was used.The questionnaire was consisted of demographic questions and some questions aboutfour issues: Knowledge of self‑assess (KSA), evidence‑based practice, actual knowledgeand attitude about EBD. Data were analyzed with t‑test, one‑way ANOVA, Chi‑square, andlinear regression with SPSS 16. Results: One hundred and thirty‑six students from 168students were filled the questionnaire. The mean of KSA was 13 ± 4.3, mean of usageof useful references in EBD was 16.9 ± 7.6. One‑third of students were studied their lastarticle in last 6 months before. The mean of actual knowledge and attitude was 7.4 ± 2.3and 24 ± 3.8, respectively. The relation between 4 main issues was significant (P < 0.05).Conclusion: By considering overall interest and positive attitude toward learning EBD indental students, it is highly recommended that practical educational courses about EBDbe planned by dental faculties.

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The Effect of nutrition education on knowledge, attitude, and performance about junk food consumption among students of female primary schools

. Ali Esmaeili Vardanjani; . Mahnoush Reisi; . Homamodin Javadzade; . Zabihollah Gharli Pour; . Elahe Tavassoli

Volume 5, Issue 4 , August 2015, , Pages 1-5

Abstract

  Background: Undoubtedly, proper nutrition has important role in safeguarding the individualfrom many diseases, especially chronic ones, and increasing ones physical and intellectualefficiency. ...  Read More Background: Undoubtedly, proper nutrition has important role in safeguarding the individualfrom many diseases, especially chronic ones, and increasing ones physical and intellectualefficiency. Considering the importance of nutrition education to school‑age kids, this researchwas done with the purpose of determining the effect of nutrition education on the knowledge,attitude, and performance of female students at primary school about junk food consumption.Materials and Methods: This is an experimental intervention study in Shahr‑e‑kord city aboutthe reduction of junk foods consumption in 2011. Seventy‑two primary girl students wererandomly divided into 2 groups, experimental (36) and controls (36). Before of the educationalprogram, self‑administrative questionnaire and FFQ (Food Frequency Questionnaire)questionnaire were filled out for both the groups. The self‑administrative questionnaire wascompleted 3 times (before, immediately, and 2 months after education), and FFQ questionnairewas completed 2 times (before and 2 months after education) by students. After pre‑test,4 educational session classes in experimental group were performed. Finally, data were collectedand analyzed by SPSS16 computer software. Results: Demographic variables of the studiedpopulation in 2 groups were similar. Before intervention, there were no significant differencesregarding the knowledge, attitude, and performance in 2 groups (P > 0/05). After intervention,there were significant differences in the levels of knowledge, attitude, and performance betweenexperimental and control groups (P < 0.001). Conclusion: According to the results, interventionhas positive impact on pattern of nutrition, and it can be concluded that intervention is effectiveon increasing or improving the knowledge, attitude, and performance of the students.

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The effect of educational intervention on girl’s behavior regarding nutrition: Applying the beliefs, attitudes, subjective norms, and enabling factors

. Asiyeh Pirzadeh; . Mohammad Mehdi Hazavei; . Mohammad Hassan Entezari; . Akbar Hasanzadeh

Volume 4, Issue 4 , August 2014, , Pages 1-6

Abstract

  Introduction: The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of an educationalprogram based on the Belief, Attitude, Subjective Norm, and Enabling Factors (BASNEF) Modelon ...  Read More Introduction: The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of an educationalprogram based on the Belief, Attitude, Subjective Norm, and Enabling Factors (BASNEF) Modelon the nutritional behavior among second‑grade, middle school, female students in Isfahancity. Materials and Methods: This quasi‑experimental study was performed on 72 students.The samples were randomly divided in two groups (36 in the intervention group and 36 inthe control group). The data collection tools were validated and had reliable questionnaires.For the intervention group, a 75‑minute educational session was held thrice. The controlgroup had no education. The BASNEF model constructs guided the development of thequestionnaires and content of the educational sessions. The independent t‑test and pairedt‑test were used to analyze the data. A two-tailed P value lower than 0.05 was considered tobe statistically significant. Result: According to the results, the mean scores of knowledge andmodel variables (Belief, Attitude, Subjective Norm, and Enabling Factors) had a significantdifference in the two groups after intervention (P < 0.001). On the basis of the findings, aftereducational intervention, 36.1% of the students had unfavorable nutritional behavior. In thecontrol group, 88.9% of the students had unfavorable nutritional behavior, before and one monthafter intervention. Conclusion: The present study showed that nutrition education interventionbased on the BASNEF model could promote the nutritional behavior in girl students.

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Effect of book reviewing workshop on awareness of, aptitude for and attitude toward book reviews in faculty members of faculty of management and medical information

. Nayere Sadat Soleimanzade Najafi; . Hasan Ashrafi‑rizi; . Mohammad Hossein Yarmohammadian; . Leila Shahrzadi; . Akbar Hasanzade

Volume 4, Issue 4 , August 2014, , Pages 1-6

Abstract

  Introduction: Works evaluation and critique is one of the most important phases in scientificproduction cycle. Reviewers need some aptitude about rules and principles of writing good ...  Read More Introduction: Works evaluation and critique is one of the most important phases in scientificproduction cycle. Reviewers need some aptitude about rules and principles of writing good review.Considering the important role of books for storage and transferring the scientific findings, bookreviewing is vital to scientific progress. Despite this fact, investigation of Isfahan University of MedicalScience’s journal, demonstrated the number of published book reviews to be very small. This studyaims to investigate the influence of reviewing training courses on participants’ book reviewingawareness, attitude, and aptitude. Materials and Methods: The study method is experimental withtwo group design (with pre‑test and post‑test) and applied. Statistical population is of all facultymembers of the faculty of management and medical information of Isfahan University of MedicalScience, including both hired and contracted employees, which, according to faculty’s departmentof Education, consists of 86 people. The sampling method used in this study is random. Numberof samples in case and control groups was calculated using the following equation of n= (z1 + z2)2 (2s2)/d2 and is 15 people. One checklist and two questionnaires were the means of data collection.Data were analyzed using SPSS 18.0 software and two level of descriptive (mean and SD) andinferential statistics (t‑test and t‑paired). Results: Findings showed that the mean score of awarenessof book reviews in case group increased meaningfully after the training course (55.7) compared to thescore prior to the intervention (33.1), P < 0.001. On the other hand, the mean score of awareness ofbook reviews in control group remained mostly the same before (31.6) and after intervention (35.1),P = 0.35. The mean score of attitude toward book reviews showed no significant difference beforeand after intervention in both case group (71.4 before intervention and 74.4 after intervention,P = 0.11) and control group (70.9 before intervention and 74.4 after intervention, P = 0.91).The mean score of book reviewing aptitude in case group showed a significant increase from10.2 ± 6.7 before intervention to 53.6 ± 26.3, showing a 43.4 increase (P < 0.001), while the controlgroup’s mean score showed no significantdifference (8.5 before intervention and 8.6 afterintervention, P = 0.996). Conclusion: This studyshowed a significant influence of training courseon participants’ book reviewing aptitude andawareness. But attitude toward book reviewswas in good level from the beginning to the endand remained mostly unchanged.

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