Journal of Education and Health Promotion

Prevalence and predictors of iron‑deficiency anemia: Women’s health perspective at reproductive age in the suburb of dried Urmia Lake, Northwest of Iran

. Somayyeh Asghari; . Rasoul Mohammadzadegan-Tabrizi; . Maryam Rafraf; . Parvin Sarbakhsh; . Javad Babaie

Volume 10, Issue 12 , December 2020, , Pages 1-6

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Dried Urmia Lake in the northwest of Iran is a major regional source of sodiumand toxic metal aerosols which may cause numerous health problems. The aim of this study was ... Read More BACKGROUND: Dried Urmia Lake in the northwest of Iran is a major regional source of sodiumand toxic metal aerosols which may cause numerous health problems. The aim of this study was toevaluate iron‑deficiency anemia (IDA) and some related risk factors among women of reproductiveage in the suburb of dried Urmia Lake to provide the information about the problem to the health‑careproviders.METHODS: This cross‑sectional study was conducted on 278 healthy nonpregnant, nonlactatingwomen aged 18–45 years, living in the rural area of the Salmas city, closest to the Urmia Lake betweenFebruary and June 2017. The study participants were selected using a stratified random samplingmethod with proportional allocation from seven villages. A general questionnaire was completed foreach participant to collect sociodemographic information and a 3‑day dietary recall questionnaireto obtain daily dietary intakes. IDA was defined as a hemoglobin (Hb) level of <12 g/dl and ferritinconcentration of <15 μg/l. Spearman’s correlation coefficient and Fisher’s exact test were applied todetermine sociodemographic factors associated with the serum Hb and ferritin levels.RESULTS: The prevalence of overall anemia (Hb <12 g/dl) was 7.9%. IDA was determined in 4.3%and iron deficiency (ID) in 19.1% (serum ferritin <15 μg/l) of the participants. There was a significantpositive correlation between serum Hb concentrations and the mean daily intakes of protein andiron (P < 0.001). Similarly, a significant positive correlation was observed between serum ferritinlevels and body mass index (P < 0.001). Significant inverse associations were found between Hbconcentrations and the number of pregnancies and children (P < 0.001), as well as the number offamily members (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONS: Results indicated a mild prevalence of IDA and a relatively high rate of ID amongstudied participants. Educational programs are needed to improve nutritional habits as well as theuse of contraceptives to promote women’s health.

Effectiveness of an educational intervention using theory of planned behavior on health care empowerment among married reproductive‑age women: A randomized controlled trial

. Maryam Sabouri; . Elham Shakibazadeh; . Bahram Mohebbi; . Azar Tol; . Mehdi Yaseri; . Sohrab Babaee

Volume 10, Issue 10 , October 2020, , Pages 1-8

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Empowerment is an essential issue in women’s lives. Powerful women can actsuccessfully in health‑related issues more than others. This study aimed to determine the ... Read More BACKGROUND: Empowerment is an essential issue in women’s lives. Powerful women can actsuccessfully in health‑related issues more than others. This study aimed to determine the effectivenessof an educational intervention designed based on theory of planned behavior (TPB) on health careempowerment among married women in reproductive age.METHODS: This randomized controlled trial was carried out among 488 reproductive‑age womenbetween 2018 and 2019 in Tehran, Iran. Participants were recruited using randomized clustersampling and divided into intervention (n = 243) and control (n = 245) groups by random allocation.Data were collected using a self‑administered researcher‑made questionnaire based on TPB andHealth Care Empowerment Questionnaire. Validity (content validity index = 0.87; content validityratio = 0.89) and reliability of the questionnaires were confirmed ( = 0.96). Intervention wasimplemented within four sessions (lasting 60 min) using eight health related scenarios based onTPB constructs. Baseline and post intervention data (6 months after the intervention) were analyzedby SPSS25 (Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) using independent t‑test, Chi‑squared test, Fisher’s Exact test,Mann–Whitney, path analysis, and regression of generalized estimating equation model. P < 0.05was considered statistically significant.RESULTS: Results showed the mean ± standard deviation age of the participants was 33.6 ± 7.1.Six months after the intervention, a significant difference was highlighted in health care empowermentdomains as well as behavioral intention, attitude toward behavior, subjective norms, and perceivedbehavioral control (P < 0.001) between intervention and control groups.CONCLUSION: TPB‑based educational intervention can significantly improve women’s perceptionabout health care empowerment. Tailoring and implementation of TPB‑based intervention by healthpolicy makers and health care providers is suggested to achieve better perception of empowermenttoward receiving health care among women.

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Keywords = reproductive‑age women

Prevalence and predictors of iron‑deficiency anemia: Women’s health perspective at reproductive age in the suburb of dried Urmia Lake, Northwest of Iran

Abstract

Effectiveness of an educational intervention using theory of planned behavior on health care empowerment among married reproductive‑age women: A randomized controlled trial

Abstract