Journal of Education and Health Promotion

Abstract BACKGROUND: Nurse managers are the frontline leaders in the ward that directly impact the quality 
of care services. Many nurse managers in Indonesia were inadequately prepared to fulfill this role, 
especially during this crisis. The objective was to develop blended learning an Integrated Nursing 
Leadership Training (INLeT) using web based and test the effectiveness.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This research is a research development using modified Borg and 
Gall by researcher, namely, Planning, Redesign, Intervention, Modify, and Evaluation. The INLET 
model was validated by nine experts in health and media technology design. Data were tested using 
quasi‑experiment research in Sanglah General Hospital and Wangaya Public Hospital in Bali.
RESULTS: The results of analysis of the content validity of all items valued V index 0.96 (high category) 
from design experts and V Index 0.92 (high category from health experts. The experiment group 
obtained N Gain scored 0.5603 at medium level, and the control group result of N Gain Score was 
0.2845 in the low‑level category. Using t‑test, both the experiment and control group showed significant 
improvement of score test with P = 0.000 (P < 0.005). Bivariate analysis using independent t‑test 
result P = 0.000 (P < 0.005) means significant difference score test compared between experiment 
and control group.
CONCLUSIONS: Using the web, this blended learning INLeT Model is effectively applied for nurse 
manager professional development; therefore, this study can prepare nurse managers into a 
leadership role by integrating moodle web‑based into nursing training.

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Regular training in the blood transfusion process is crucial for transfusion safety.
Hospital transfusion committees have an obligation to provide this education to hospital employees
through training activities. E-learning is positioning itself as a valid alternative to physical-presence
courses.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: We describe a training course on blood transfusion to members of
our hospital who are involved in the transfusion process, including technicians, nurses, and doctors.
The course uses Moodle as the e-learning platform; it is evaluated using a satisfaction survey along
with a knowledge-transfer and impact survey a year after taking the course.
RESULTS: From 2015 to 2018, seven editions of the online transfusion course were developed.
Six hundred and eighty students enrolled; of these, 124 did not take the final examination (18.2%);
60 never began the course (8.8%). Of the 556 students who completed the course, 546 passed
(98.2%). The average score from the initial self-assessment was 7.3 while the average score from
the final self-assessment was 9.2; the mean improvement was 1.9 (out of 10). The level of general
course satisfaction was 9.27 (an average out of 10). More than 90% of the students stated that they
were able to apply the acquired knowledge in the workplace after a year.
CONCLUSIONS: E-learning has demonstrated itself as an affordable solution that could help in
the training of all staff involved in the transfusion process at our hospital, with the advantage that it
includes general knowledge and particular skills in local transfusion medical practice.