Journal of Education and Health Promotion

Abstract BACKGROUND: Dentists are often overlooked resources in the workforce for disaster
management (DM). To determine the knowledge, attitudes, willingness, and self‑perceived
effectiveness to participate in DM among general dental practitioners (GDPs) of Eastern India.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A web‑based online survey was conducted among 256 Dental Council
of India registered GDPs of Cuttack district, Odisha. The 45‑item survey comprised closed‑ended
questions on the demographic data of the participants, years of practice, previous experience in DM,
and willingness to participate. Other domains assessed were the participants’ objective knowledge
of DM, attitude, and self‑perceived effectiveness toward participation during disasters. Data were
analyzed descriptively, and the Chi‑square and Mann–Whitney U tests were used for statistical
analysis, with a significance threshold of P < 0.05.
RESULT: A total of 154 responses were analyzed, giving a response rate of 60.16%. The average
age was ≤35 years, 59.1% were BDS dentists and 78.6% had less than 10 years of practice. Only
18% of them had previous experience with DM, and merely 3.2% were formerly trained; however,
95.5% of the dentists were willing to participate in DM. The mean DM knowledge and attitude scores
were 16.12 (CI = 15.4–16.8) and 5.79 (5.45–6.13), respectively. Knowledge and attitude showed
a significant correlation. About 56% indicated that they would be able to respond effectively to a
disastrous event. Significant associations were observed between age group (P = 0.008), years
of clinical practice (P = 0.001), qualification (P = 0.012), previous participation (P = 0.029), and
self‑perceived effectiveness.
CONCLUSION: The knowledge regarding DM among respondents was at an average level. However,
the majority of them were found to have a positive attitude toward participation in DM. Thus, including
DM in dental curricula and drills for dental professionals might prove beneficial as almost all GDPs
were showing greater self‑perceived effectiveness and willingness to participate in disasters.

Abstract BACKGROUND: There have been criticisms that local authorities develop disaster planning
independently, which led to less sensitiveness and responsibility of community‑based
organizations (CBOs). Disasters planning should incorporate into CBOs’ management processes.
This study aims to set goals of a community‑based plan based on preparedness capacities that
CBOs need to have in the COVID‑19 pandemic.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross‑sectional study used a prevalidated and reliable
questionnaire assessing (CBOs). The tool assesses preparedness in the field of planning, training,
and infrastructure. Forty CBOs met the inclusion criteria as assisting or cooperating agencies during
the COVID‑19 pandemic. Then, key informants, who simultaneously have been working in the health
system and CBOs, prioritized low‑scale items that have shown capacity gaps according to effects
on the vulnerable group, sustainability, and capability of the health system. Descriptive statistics
performed using SPSS18 software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, USA).
RESULTS: The results showed that the preparedness of CBOs was weak in the field of planning,
training, and infrastructure. Besides, overlaps of CBOs’ resources and covering the clients’ medical
needs in the COVID‑19 pandemic were the most priority that needs to be intervened.
CONCLUSION: Providing medical needs by CBOs require legal legitimacy assigned by health
authority, especially in epidemic‑prone diseases. In addition, assigning a coordinator to set a priority
list and mutual agreements authoried by health departments can solve the problem of overlapped
resources. Therefore, functional roles of CBOs in the pandemic should focus mostly on resource
allocation and the medical needs of clients to set goals and functional objectives.

Abstract BACKGROUND: Organizational capacity development is an important outcome of faculty
development programs, but there is a lack of an appropriate instrument for its evaluation.
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to develop a questionnaire to evaluate the
organizational capacity development for faculty development programs and to test its psychometrics.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The initial capacity development for faculty development
questionnaire (CDQ‑FD) of 26 items was developed based on a literature review and opinion
of experts. Content validity ratio (CVR), content validity index (CVI), content validity index for
items (I‑CVI), and the content validity index for scales (S‑CVI) were computed for content validity.
Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) were performed for construct
validation.
RESULTS: The score for CVR, CVI, I‑CVI, and S‑CVI was 0.71, 0.83, 0.87, and 0.90, respectively.
EFA resulted in a three‑factor model with total variance extraction of 64%. Cronbach’s alpha and
Spearman Brown coefficient were investigated for reliability assessment. The Cronbach’s alpha of
overall scale was 0.8 and the test‑retest reliability of the overall scale was 0.78. The final CDQ‑FD
contained 21 items and three categories.
CONCLUSIONS: The CDQ‑FD questionnaire appears to be a valid and reliable instrument for the
evaluation of organizational capacity development for faculty development in the medical education.

Abstract BACKGROUND: University health coverage gives everyone accesses to health services focused
on the most important causes of illness and death and ensures that the quality of services is high
enough to improve the health of those receiving services. Nurses as the largest group of staff in the
health system play an important role in achieving UHC. This study aimed to determine the training
needs of nursing managers in universities of medical sciences of Iran in achieving UHC.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was a qualitative study conducted in 2019 using the
framework method. There were 15 experts in nursing management, health management, and nursing
authorities at the national level using the purposive random sampling. Data were collected from the
expert panel. We used the Atlas.ti software version 7.2 and using the framework method for the
analysis of qualitative data. A set of codes organized into categories that were jointly developed by
the researchers involved in the analysis. The UHC framework used to summarize data in a way that
could support answering research questions.
RESULTS: This study showed that three educational modules leadership and strategic thinking,
management, and decision‑making, achieving excellence in nursing management to capacity building
of nursing managers in the country.
CONCLUSION: Training leadership skills and strategic thinking in the nursing empowerment modules
illuminate global and national health roadmaps and policies and change attitudes to the model of
nursing service delivery. Since nurses are the largest group of professionals in the health system, it
facilitated by changes in the role and functions of the hospital and nurses to reach UHC.

Abstract CONTEXT: The knowledge about mental health problems among the general public is comparatively
quite low. The pilot study was conducted with an aim to increase the knowledge of the day‑to‑day
mental health problems which people can have among the mass.
AIMS: The aims of this study are (1) to assess the knowledge and attitude about mental health
problems of the selected sample and (2) to build the capacity in providing first aid for mental health
to the selected sample through training.
SETTINGS AND DESIGN: A cross‑sectional study was used in assessing the knowledge and skills
of the participants of the first aid for mental health problems. It was conducted in the institute itself.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A total of 89 participants were taken to participate in the cross‑sectional
study. Using a semi‑structured self‑administered questionnaire, a brief training, and a feedback form,
capacity building for first aid for mental health problems was provided.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: The questionnaires were analyzed using descriptive statistics.
RESULTS: The capacity building program for first aid for mental health problems appears to be
effective in improving the knowledge and attitude with regard to the mental health problems. The
findings from the program indicated lack of knowledge in understanding of mental health, knowledge of
causation, and treatment of mental health problems. Feedback of the training program indicated that it
improved the ability of the participants in recognizing persons undergoing mental health problems and
brought about a change in their beliefs about mental health, attitudes, and need for prompt referral.
CONCLUSIONS: The program was successful in increasing the confidence of the participants in
providing help to someone with a mental health problem and referring to appropriate mental health
professional. This shows that there is an immediate need for empowering general public with
knowledge and skills to provide support to people with mental health problems.