Journal of Education and Health Promotion

Abstract BACKGROUND: Traumatic events and psychological damage are common. Identifying different
types of traumatic events contributes to the development of psychopathology and can be very helpful
in macroeducational and treatment planners. The current study extracted the patterns (overlap)
of different traumatic events that Iranian college students commonly experience, with the aim of
understanding their association with posttraumatic growth (PTG) and religiosity.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four hundred and sixty‑six students from Kerman universities
completed a cross‑sectional survey about religion, and questions about PTG and traumatic events
have experienced in the past 5 years. The latent class analysis (LCA) was used for extracting patterns
of traumatic events, and the one‑way ANOVA test was used to compare PTG and religiosity across
these classes in Iranian college students.
RESULTS: The LCA revealed that a three‑class solution had an adequate relative and absolute
fit. The three classes were labeled and characterized as multiple‑traumatic events (2.9%),
intermediate‑traumatic events (31.1%), and low‑traumatic events (66.0%). In ANOVA results for
PTG and Duke University Religion Index (DUREL) domains across classes, individuals in the
multiple‑traumatic classes had the lowest score of PTG and DUREL domains.
CONCLUSION: Although the current study showed the relative frequency of multiple‑traumatic
events in Iranian students is low, individuals categorized in this class had the lowest PTG, and these
findings reveal the necessitation of planning and interventions for PTG.

Abstract BACKGROUND AND AIM: Posttraumatic growth following traumas such as chronic illnesses can
occur in some people. The psychological factors, such as cognitive emotion regulation (CER), can
influence its formation. CER is a type of coping strategy that helps to efficiently deal with trauma.
Due to the importance of the topic and the lack of sufficient studies on posttraumatic growth and
CER in hemodialysis patients, this study aims to investigate the relationship between posttraumatic
growth and CER in hemodialysis patients.
METHODS: This is a descriptive study performed on hemodialysis patients in Bou Ali and Velayat
hospitals in Qazvin. One hundred and sixty-two patients were selected by the convenience sampling
method, and Garnefski Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (α =0.92) and Tedeschi
Posttraumatic Growth Questionnaire (α =0.96) were used. Data were analyzed using Pearson
correlation and ANOVA tests.
RESULTS: The results showed that the majority of the hemodialysis patients experienced some
degree of posttraumatic growth. The participants achieved high scores in the domains of spiritual
development and communication with others. Moreover, posttraumatic growth was positively and
significantly correlated with CER (r = 0.67, P < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS: Hemodialysis provides the basis for the positive mental reactions known as
posttraumatic growth in hemodialysis patients. Nurses and other authorities can use this phenomenon
to adapt to illness and care planning.

Abstract BACKGROUND: Assessing various therapeutic methods with the intention to decrease the problems
relevant to abused children is of high significance. Accordingly, the present study seeks to compare
the effectiveness of trauma‑focused cognitive behavioral therapy (TF.CBT) with an emphasis on
the theory of mind on posttraumatic growth and emotional regulation strategies in abused children.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This quasi‑randomized clinical trial study was done on 39 abused
children who referred to welfare organization centers in Ahvaz – Iran. After randomized allocation,
the TF. CBT and theory of mind method were implemented for two groups. Before and after the
interventions, posttraumatic growth and emotional regulation strategies were assessed with using
Kilmer’s posttraumatic growth inventory and Garnefski emotional regulation questionnaire.
RESULTS: The study findings indicated that the mean of the posttraumatic growth and adaptive
and maladaptive emotional regulation strategies in the TF.CBT group was significantly higher than
that of other study groups (P < 0.001).
CONCLUSION: TF.CBT can lead to increased levels of posttraumatic growth and improve emotional
regulation strategies in abused children. Theory of mind method can also be effective in improving
emotional regulation strategies.