Journal of Education and Health Promotion

Asymptomatic bacteriuria of pregnant women in a tertiary care centre

. Meenakshi Totadhri; . Anandhi Lakshmanan; . Saraswathy M P; . Manisha S. Mane

Volume 12, Issue 7 , August 2022, , Pages 1-7

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) is commonly seen during pregnancy due to thevarious morphological, hormonal, and physiological changes the body undergoes. If left undiagnosed,it ... Read More BACKGROUND: Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) is commonly seen during pregnancy due to thevarious morphological, hormonal, and physiological changes the body undergoes. If left undiagnosed,it can lead to conditions such as pyelonephritis and preterm delivery which could culminate in causingmaternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Therefore, this study aims to determine the prevalence,risk factors, microbial profile, and antibiotic susceptibility patterns associated with ASB in a tertiaryhealthcare center.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross‑sectional study was carried out where 150 urine sampleswere obtained from pregnant women within the gestational age of 13–36 weeks. Randomizedstratified sampling was the method of sampling used. A questionnaire was also administered tothem to determine potential risk factors. The samples were cultured and identified using biochemicaltests. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were carried out by Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method. Statisticalanalysis was carried out using Chi‑square test. The graphs and tables were generated using MicrosoftExcel and Word.RESULTS: Out of the 150 samples that were obtained, 8 samples had significant bacteriuria whichis a prevalence of 5.33%. Escherichia coli was the most frequently isolated organism accountingto 45% of the isolates. The other organisms that were isolated were Enterococcus, Klebsiellapneumoniae, Coagulase negative staphylococcus (CONS), Candida albicans, and Group BStreptococcus which measured to 11% of the total distribution each. In the antibiotic sensitivitytests, among the gram‑negative isolates, marked resistance to Ampicillin and Amoxycillin along withsensitivity to Cotrimoxazole and Nitrofurantoin. Of the gram‑positive isolates, there was sensitivityto Ampicillin and Nitrofurantoin. A positive correlation was seen between the age groups of 23–27and the prevalence of ASB.CONCLUSION: The prevalence of ASB in this study shows that ASB is not uncommon in thepopulation. Despite the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines and National Health Missionrecommendations to make urine check‑ups a routine, it not carried out, possibly due to costimplications. However, it poses a risk for severe maternal and fetal outcomes and hence, should bescreened for on a regular basis. Thus, this study emphasizes the importance of screening pregnantwomen for ASB for promoting better maternal and fetal health.

Evaluation of cancer awareness, cancer education, and prevention intervention techniques among university‑level students in the United States and India

. Adam D. Burke; . Jared W. Burns; . Swati Chakraborty; . Tanima Saha; . Amitabha Ray; . Daniel M. Borsch

Volume 12, Issue 5 , June 2022, , Pages 1-7

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Cancer is one of the leading causes of death globally. A considerable number ofdifferent cancer types may be preventable, using primary intervention techniques, such as ... Read More BACKGROUND: Cancer is one of the leading causes of death globally. A considerable number ofdifferent cancer types may be preventable, using primary intervention techniques, such as healtheducation, cancer awareness, behaviors and lifestyle modifications. The present study conducted acomparative assessment of cancer awareness among undergraduate students of the United Statesand India.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Students from an Institution in India (KC) (55 females, 33 males),and an Institution in the United States of America (SHU) (226 female, 58 male) during 2019–2020participated in this study. Participants (n = 372) across all majors and all years (first throughfourth year) completed an online questionnaire and answered the questions on their demographiccharacteristics (e.g., gender, age, and location), academic status (e.g., year of study, major),multiple‑choice questions about cancer knowledge, and opinion questions (e.g., “where would youfind info,” “should therapies be free”). Student responses were collected using Qualtrics SurveySoftware. Excel was used to analyze responses. We conducted statistical Χ2 tests for independenceto determine whether there is a statistically significant difference between the expected frequenciesand the observed frequencies in one or more categories of a contingency table, with a significanceof ɑ = 0.01. While small sizes due to the small institutions and the response pool, we note that weachieved the necessary “n” for all tests reported.RESULTS: Our research shows a few important statistically significant differences, includingknowledge of cancer and breast lumps is dependent on location, ranking of global cancer deaths isdependent on location, and that cancer knowledge is dependent on the information source. All forΧ2 tests with P < 0.001.CONCLUSIONS: Further encouragement of education for young people in various aspects ofcancer and cancer prevention, as well as information facility and sources of reliable data, could behelpful for improving the overall health and primary prevention. A thorough assessment is neededto understand the responsible factors for the observed cancer knowledge variations among studentsof two different places.

Mapping of epidemiological determinants of confirmed COVID‑19 cases among health‑care workers of municipal corporation of Delhi: A roadmap to risk reduction

. Sunil Kumar Singh; . Sumit Jethani; . Anshumali Gupta; . Bhushan Dattatray Kamble; . Saudan Singh; . Pooja Ahlawat

Volume 12, Issue 3 , March 2022, , Pages 1-7

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease (COVID‑19) is a respiratory illness caused by a novel coronavirus which can spread from person to person. Health‑care workers of any medical ... Read More

Epidemiology and factors associated with COVID‑19 outbreak‑related deaths in patients admitted to medical centers of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences

. Hamidreza Khankeh; . Mehrdad Farrokhi; . Hassan Talebi Ghadicolaei; . Sadegh Ahmadi Mazhin; . Juliet Roudini; . Yazdan Mohsenzadeh; . Zoya Hadinejad

Volume 11, Issue 10 , November 2021, , Pages 1-6

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The first case of COVID‑19 was reported in Iran on February 19, 2020, in Qom. SinceMazandaran is one of the high‑risk provinces with many patients and deaths, this study ... Read More

Identifying drivers and factors affecting behavioral risk factors of noncommunicable diseases: A scoping review

. Saeide Alidoost; . Mohammadreza Maleki; . Hamid Pourasghari

Volume 11, Issue 9 , October 2021, , Pages 1-9

Abstract

BACKGROUND: A large proportion of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) can be prevented byreducing unhealthy nutrition, inadequate physical activity, smoking, and alcohol consumption. The ... Read More

The prevalence of attention‑deficit hyperactivity disorder and its related risk factors among children at elementary school in Shahroud

. Azam Hamidzadeh; . Mehrnaz Kharatha; . Milad Bazghaleh; . Hassan Basirinejad; . Nasrin Fadae Aghdam; . Hossein Ebrahimi

Volume 11, Issue 8 , September 2021, , Pages 1-9

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Attention‑deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common reasonsfor visiting psychiatrists and psychologists. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence ... Read More

Prevalence of primary osteoporosis and low bone mass in postmenopausal women and related risk factors

. Elnaz Hemmati; . Mojgan Mirghafourvand; . Majid Mobasseri; . Seyed Kazem Shakouri; . Parvaneh Mikaeli; . Azizeh Farshbaf‑Khalili

Volume 11, Issue 5 , June 2021, , Pages 1-11

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Globally, 30% of female over 50 years old have osteoporosis. This disease is oneof the major causes of disability and death in the elderly. This research was aimed to determinethe ... Read More BACKGROUND: Globally, 30% of female over 50 years old have osteoporosis. This disease is oneof the major causes of disability and death in the elderly. This research was aimed to determinethe prevalence of primary osteoporosis and low bone density based on bone mineral density inpostmenopausal women and its sociodemographic, obstetric, and life style risk factors.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was performed bysimple random sampling on 850 postmenopausal women aged 50–65 years covered by all healthcenters, from August 2018 to April 2019, in Tabriz-Iran. Four hundred and forty-five eligible womenunderwent densitometry using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in the lumbar spine and femoralneck. Socio-individual, obstetric-medical, international physical activity questionnaires-short form,and anthropometric questionnaires were completed. Data analyzed using descriptive and analyticalstatistics including multivariate logistic regression in SPSS 21 software.RESULTS: The prevalence of primary osteoporosis based on lumbar vertebra T-score, femoralneck T-score, and total was 23.4%, 3.4%, and 24.5%, respectively, and the prevalence of primaryosteopenia based on lumbar vertebra T-score, femur neck T-score, and total was 42%, 35.5%, and43.6%, respectively. The present study showed that the odds of osteoporosis increased by incrementof age (odds ratio [OR]: 1.18; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07–1.30), but it decreased by increasingmenopausal age (OR: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.85–1.01), body mass index (OR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.78–0.97),arm circumference (OR: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.74–0.95), and education level (P = 0.028). It was higher inunmarried women (OR: 2.65; 95% CI: 0.99–7.08) and those with nonpersonal housing (OR: 4.02;95% CI: 1.24–13.07).CONCLUSIONS: Given the high prevalence of primary osteoporosis and low bone mass in postmenopausalwomen, health education is necessary for preventing modifiable risk factors and reducing the complicationsof this disease.

The effect of self‑management intervention program on the lifestyle of postmyocardial infarction patients

. Roya Amini; . Maryam Rajabi; . Hiva Azami; . Alireza Soltanian

Volume 11, Issue 4 , May 2021, , Pages 1-7

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Most patients with myocardial infarction (MI) suffer from one or more risk factorssuch as obesity and overweight, unhealthy diet, lack of physical activity (PA), and high ... Read More

Predictors and prevalence of periodontitis among pregnant women of slum areas of Patna, India: An opportunity for oral health promotion

. Supriya Singh; . Jazib Nazeer; . Revati Singh; . Kumari Kavita; . Md Asad Iqubal; . Rohit Singh

Volume 11, Issue 4 , May 2021, , Pages 1-7

Abstract

BACKGROUND: There is abundant documentation in literature that presence of maternal periodontalinfections has been attributed to serious health problem to the mother and the child. ... Read More

Sexual problems in Tehran: Prevalence and associated factors

. Safoora Mohammadian; . Behrouz Dolatshahi

Volume 9, Issue 11 , November 2019, , Pages 1-11

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Sexual dysfunctions are considered as the most prevalent problems in the generalpopulation and their prevalence is so dispersed depending on different cultures and living ... Read More

Developing a community‑based breast cancer risk prediction tool for resource‑poor settings

. Divya Pillai; . Shaikh Shah Hossain; . Vijay Kumar Chattu

Volume 9, Issue 6 , June 2019, , Pages 1-5

Abstract

BACKGROUND: With an estimation of every two women newly diagnosed with breast cancer,one dies. It is accounted that 1 in 28 women is likely to develop breast cancer during her lifetime.Developing ... Read More

Comparison of risk factors of cardiovascular diseases in male and female nurses

. Mohsen Hojat; . Mahdi Karimyar Jahromi; . Saiede Rahmanian Koshkaki; . Mojdeh Rahmanian

Volume 9, Issue 1 , January 2019, , Pages 1-4

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Cardiovascular disease is one of the most important causes of mortality in theworld; identifying and correcting the modifiable risk factors reduce the prevalence of coronary ... Read More INTRODUCTION: Cardiovascular disease is one of the most important causes of mortality in theworld; identifying and correcting the modifiable risk factors reduce the prevalence of coronary arterydisorders. Nurses, with regard to their employment conditions, can be prone to cardiovasculardisease. The aim of this study was to compare the risk factors of cardiovascular diseases in maleand female nurses.MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this descriptive cross‑sectional study, 263 nurses from JahromUniversity of Medical Sciences hospitals were enrolled in the study by convenience sampling. Thedata collection tool was self‑report Framingham Risk Score and has two parts: first part: personal data,history of disease, history, cigarette, stress and fat disorder, alcohol consumption, diet, exercise, andaverage hours and second part: height, weight, body mass index (BMI), waist‑to‑stature ratio (WSR),waist‑to‑hip ratio (WHR), blood pressure, triglyceride (TG), cholesterol, and fasting blood sugar. Thebenchmark for blood pressure was the JNC‑7 guide. The Adult Treatment Panel III was the guideline.Independent t‑test, Chi‑square, and Mann–Whitney tests were used for data analysis.RESULTS: None of the staff reported smoking or alcohol history. Data were analyzed using descriptiveand inferential statistics. There was no statistically significant difference between the mean of fastingblood glucose, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, TG and cholesterol, Framingham percentage,religious practices, green tea and black tea, fish, vegetables, and fast food. The data were analyzedwith independent t‑test, Chi‑square, and Mann–Whitney tests. There was no statistically significantdifference between the mean of fasting blood glucose, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, TG andcholesterol, Framingham Percentage, religious practices, green tea and black tea, fish, vegetables,and fast food and sports and walking of men and women were not observed. However, there wasa statistically significant difference between women and men in indicators such as eating breakfast,family history, fruit consumption, high‑density lipoprotein, BMI, WSR, and WHR.CONCLUSION: The results of the study showed that men are at higher risk for cardiovasculardiseases and complications than women.

Gender impact on children’s knowledge and perceptions regarding cardiovascular disease risk factors: A school‑based survey in Greece

. Venetia Notara; . George Antonogeorgos; . Christos Prapas; . Anna Velentza; . Maria‑Eleni Kordoni; . Eirini Manifava; . Andrea Paola Rojas‑Gil; . Ekaterina N. Kornilaki; . Demosthenes B. Panagiotakos

Volume 8, Issue 8 , August 2018, , Pages 1-7

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors are adopted during childhood andadolescence. Health literacy at these ages remains the cornerstone of a healthy adult life. The ... Read More

Postpartum depression risk factors: A narrative review

. Maryam Ghaedrahmati; . Ashraf Kazemi; . Gholamreza Kheirabadi; . Amrollah Ebrahimi; . Masood Bahrami

Volume 7, Issue 4 , July and August 2017, , Pages 1-7

Abstract

Postpartum depression is a debilitating mental disorder with a high prevalence. The aim of thisstudy was review of the related studies. In this narrative review, we report studies that ... Read More

Women health heart project: Methodology and effect of interventional strategies on low education participants

. Masoumeh Sadeghi; . Safoura Yazdekhasti; . Hamidreza Roohafza; . Ali Pourmoghaddas; . Zahra Kasaei; . Pejman Aghdak

Volume 4, Issue 4 , August 2014, , Pages 1-7

Abstract

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the most common cause of mortality andmorbidity in women. Intervention programs aimed at improving the lifestyle can reduce theincidence ... Read More Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the most common cause of mortality andmorbidity in women. Intervention programs aimed at improving the lifestyle can reduce theincidence of these diseases and their factors. The purpose of this study was to evaluatethe difference of the interventions impact on CVD risk factors and the women’s physicaland biochemical indicators based on education levels. Materials and Methods: As part ofIsfahan Healthy Heart Program after identifying the status of women over the age of 18 andover five years, a large educational or environmental intervention was performed in differentmethodologies and in order to improve the lifestyle. Some organizations such as health carecenters and the Literacy Campaign Organization have cooperated for low educated women.Demographic data and risk factors such as obesity, hypertension, diabetes and serum lipidswere investigated and compared during the first and last phase. Data were entered in SPSS‑15software and were analyzed by using T‑test in two independent samples, Chi‑square testand Fisher exact test. Results: Findings of this study showed that performing the five yearsinterventions could reduce physical and biochemical indexes such as nutrition, lipid profile,waist circumference and waist‑to‑hip ratio in both groups (P < 0.005). In the pre‑interventionphase, 6391 subjects and after the intervention 4786 women participated. After Interventions,women with higher educational levels were showed significant decrease in Body MassIndex (BMI) (P = 0.01) and dyslipidemia (P = 0.02). Conclusion: The present study showedthat the community-based interventions even in low‑literate women could cause effectivechanges on improving lifestyle and CVD risk factors. Due to the greater impact of interventionsin literate women, effective interventions should be considered in the society to decrease theprevalence of Non‑Communicable Diseases (NCDs).

Hormonal and reproductive risk factors associated with breast cancer in Isfahan patients

. Mehdi Tazhibi; . Mohsen Dehghani; . Shadi Babazadeh; . Fariborz Makkarian; . Maryam Tabatabaeian; . Masoumeh Sadeghi; . Parisa Rezaei; . Mehri Faghihi

Volume 4, Issue 3 , June 2014, , Pages 1-5

Abstract

Background: Breast cancer is the most prevalent type of cancer among Iranian females;it is noteworthy that the condition of this type of cancer among Iranian women does notsignificantly ... Read More Background: Breast cancer is the most prevalent type of cancer among Iranian females;it is noteworthy that the condition of this type of cancer among Iranian women does notsignificantly differ from what has been reported from other countries. Considering theimportance of this issue, identification of the backgrounds factors and risk factors of thebreast cancer risk are highly needed. Therefore, the present study is aimed to comparethe risk factors of resident patients of Isfahan province, Iran, with accredited risk factors byother countries and also identify the importance of each factor in the incidence of cancer.Materials and Methods: The present work is a case-control study, which was conductedin 2011. In order to conduct the study, 216 women who had been clinically identified withbreast cancer were selected from Seiedo-Shohada Hospital, Isfahan, Iran, as the case group.Moreover, 41 healthy women who were the relatives of the selected patients (i.e., sisters andaunts) were selected as the control group. The data and information of the patients from1999 to 2010 were collected from either assessing the database system of the center for breastcancer research or interviewing the patients through phone. To analyze the data, multiplelogistic regression method was applied. Results: The range of age among selected individualsin this study was from 20-75 years old. The determinant factors for odds of breast cancerincluded in the applied multiple logistic regression model were the use of oral contraceptivepills (OCPs) (odds ratio [OR] =0.18, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.04-0.75) as the protectivefactor, hormone replacement therapy (OR = 10.2, 95% CI = 1.18-88.89) and menopause atold age (OR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.11-2.12) as the risk factors. Furthermore, there was not seenany significant relationship between age, vocation, and marital status with odds of breastcancer in multiple model. Conclusion: Basedon the results, use of OCPs as protectivefactor, hormone replacement therapy, andmenopause at old age are identified as therisk factors in developing breast canceramong women. Influencing and modifiablefactors should be considered very importantin society based interventions and preventiveinterventions planning.

The relationship between biological cognitive and psychosocial characteristics of parents and the weight of infant at the time of birth in Isfahan

. Mohammad Hassan Talebian; . Gholam Ali Afrooz; . Heidar Ali Hooman; . Asghar Aghaei

Volume 3, Issue 8 , August 2013, , Pages 1-6

Abstract

Introduction: The present study was connected in order to evaluate the relationship betweenbiological, cognitive and psychosocial characteristics of mothers and the weight of infant ... Read More Introduction: The present study was connected in order to evaluate the relationship betweenbiological, cognitive and psychosocial characteristics of mothers and the weight of infant atthe time of birth. Materials and Methods: In order to conduct this research a sample of 910women among recently delivered mothers of Isfahan province in 2009 were selected. Fromstratified sampling and cluster sampling according to the percentage of population in each ofthe cities of Isfahan Province was used. The data was gathered with a questionnaire preparedby the researcher in order to evaluate the biological cognitive and psychosocial characteristicsof mothers, in addition to the Enrich marital satisfaction test. After collecting data, the analysis ofthe data was done with SPSS software in two categories of descriptive and inferential statisticsby using logistic regression model. Results: The results showed that the prevalence of lowweight infants was 9.5 percent and 38.7 percent of pregnancies was unwanted. Twenty‑ninepercent of mothers had marital dissatisfaction. 15/6 percent of pregnancies were below20 years old and 22 percent was above of 35 years old. 38.9 percent of mothers were exposedto cigarette smoke. The average of weight gain during pregnancies was 9 kilograms. Thirtythree percent of mothers had high blood pressure during pregnancy, 26.7 percent had historyof abortion and 31.9 percent had history of bleeding. 23/1percent of women was employedduring pregnancy, 19.8 percent gave twin birth and 21/1 percent of parents were relative ofeach other, 29.7 percent of deliveries were done in cesarean way. Conclusion: The resultsof this study showed that severe marital dissatisfaction, abnormal blood pressure duringpregnancy, being employed during pregnancy, weight gain less than 5 Kg during pregnancy,pregnancy below the age of 20 can meaning fully increase the possibility of low birth weight ininfant (α=0.05). The results were consisting with the previous findings and indicated that someof the applicable benefits of this research can be recording of information about each deliveryin the whole country with holding trainingworkshops of before and during pregnancyskills by welfare organization.

Volume 13 (2023)

Volume 12 (2022)

Volume 11 (2021)

Volume 10 (2020)

Volume 9 (2019)

Volume 8 (2018)

Volume 7 (2017)

Volume 6 (2016)

Volume 5 (2015)

Volume 4 (2014)

Volume 3 (2013)

Volume 2 (2012)

Volume 1 (1900)

Keywords = risk factors

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