Journal of Education and Health Promotion

Abstract BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer and the second leading cause
of death among women. Religion and spiritual behaviors are effective strategies for maintaining
human health. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between religious orientation
and spiritual intelligence with general health dimensions in women with breast cancer.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study is a correlational study that was performed on
50 women with breast cancer referred to medical centers affiliated to Isfahan University of Medical
Sciences in 2020. Data were collected through questionnaires of religious orientation, spiritual
intelligence, and general health. Data were analyzed by Spearman and regression tests.
RESULTS: The results showed that religious orientation had a significant positive relationship with
the overall score of general health, but the components of religious orientation had a significant
negative relationship with the number of components of public health (p < 0.05). Spiritual intelligence
also had a significant positive relationship with general health. However, the number of components
of spiritual intelligence has a significant negative relationship with the number of components of
general health (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: Considering the relationship between religious orientation and spiritual intelligence
with public health and considering educational programs based on spiritual intelligence and religious
orientation in this group of people can be an important step in promoting their general health.

Abstract INTRODUCTION: The world’s population is aging and this trend continues. Older adults are living
healthier and longer than in the last decades and their sexual function should also be considered
along with their general health. This study aimed to examine the correlation between general health
and sexual function in elderly women.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cross‑sectional correlation study, 1245 women over 60 years
old were selected in Ardabil health‑care centers by a convenient sampling method. Demographic
data of all participants were noted and general health and sexual function were evaluated by the
Goldberg General Health Questionnaire and Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) Questionnaire.
RESULTS: The participants’ mean ± standard deviation age was 75.1 ± 7.2 years, most of the
women (40.08%) were illiterate, and the majority of them were living with their married (44.81%)
or single children (27.14%). The general health score for 380 older women (30.52%) was under
22 (healthy). About 60% of the women had engaged in sexual activity during the past 4 weeks,
and the total mean score of FSFI was 17.36 ± 1.44. In addition, 84.33% of the women had
sexual dysfunction (FSFI < 26.55). The age (P < 0.05), educational level (P < 0.001), living with
children (P < 0.01), and general health status (P < 0.01) were found to be significantly related to
sexual function. The total scores for FSFI and the scores for all domains except for satisfaction
were in positive correlation with the score for the total and all domains of general health (P < 0.001).
CONCLUSION: Sexual function in elderly women is affected by several factors, such as general
health. Therefore, to promote successful aging in women, sexual function and general health require
more attention when implementing women’s health initiatives.

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Sexual problems in elder people are considered as a public health concern and
can affect their overall health and quality of life. This study aimed to investigate the sexual quality of
life and its relationship with general health in older men in the west of Iran.
METHODS: This was a cross‑sectional study among 362 older men aged 60 years or older attending
Comprehensive Health Care Centers in Ilam, Iran. Samples selected through Quota sampling method
and simple random sampling. Data were collected using the Sexual Quality of Life Questionnaire‑Male
and General Health Questionnaire‑28.
RESULTS: The mean ± standard deviation (SD) of age was 69.9 ± 8.1 years. The mean ± SD
score of sexual quality of life and general health of older men was 46.6 ± 14.6 and 19.2 ± 9.7,
respectively. A positive and significant association was found between sexual quality of life and
general health (P < 0.001, r = −0.41). Moreover, general health, age, sleep problems, and the level
of education were the important predictors for sexual quality of life in elder men (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: According to the results, the sexual quality of life of participants was at a moderate
level. Since only some factors influencing the sexual quality of life were ascertained, further studies
are required to investigate all factors influencing older men’s sexual quality of life.

Abstract INTRODUCTION: The hospitals are a stressful environment for employees, especially nurses. Stress
and other health problems may lead to occupational burnout and reduction of nurses’ efficiency.
The aim of the current study is to investigate the effect of emotional intelligence training on health
promotion of nurses in Sabzevar Hospitals.
METHODOLOGY: The current study is a field trial with a random control group. The sample
group was 135 nurses of Sabzevar Hospitals. They were then divided randomly into experimental
and control groups. First, all of the samples answered the questionnaire of personal information,
Bar‑On Emotional Intelligence, and General Health Questionnaire. The first group (intervention)
was trained by giving the speech, and the second group (control) did not receive any intervention
about the subject of the study. The experimental group was then trained for the components
of emotional intelligence and answered the questionnaire again. The significance level was
considered as P < 0.05.
RESULTS: The results showed that the distribution of qualitative variables in the study was similar
and also the scores of emotional intelligence and the dependent variables after intervention in the
intervention group had a significant and inverse relationship, meaning that the score of emotional
intelligence decreased with the score of general health score. This could be significant in comparison
to the two groups. Findings showed that emotional intelligence at the beginning of the study in
the intervention and control groups were 35.03 ± 32 and 30.89 ± 33, respectively, and after the
intervention, it was 29.68 ± 35 and 42.89 ± 34, respectively. Total general health was 19.76 ± 84 and
18.77 ± 77 in the case group before intervention and 14.55 ± 56 in the case group and 17.68 ± 52
in the control group, respectively (P < 0.001).
CONCLUSION: Findings indicated the significant mutual effect of emotional intelligence changes
and general health variables. It means as the score of emotional intelligence gets more, health score
decreases and the rate of general health increases.

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Patients undergoing hemodialysis have a low level of health and mindfulness
technique in mind‑body medicine is used to help patients with chronic illness. Therefore, this clinical
trial was conducted to determine the effect of the mindfulness program on the general health of
patients undergoing treatment with hemodialysis.
METHODS: Sixty hemodialysis patients were selected through the convenient method and randomly
divided into experimental and control groups. Both groups completed demographic information
questionnaire and general health questionnaire. Then, the experimental group received 8 sessions of
mindfulness training and the control group received 8 sessions of education in relation to end‑stage renal
disease and hemodialysis. Educational sessions were performed for both groups in the second 30 min
after hemodialysis for 1 h in six individual sessions and two 1.5 h group sessions. Immediately after
and 1 month after the intervention, the General Health Questionnaire was completed by both groups.
RESULTS: Analysis of the findings showed no significant differences between the mean score
of general health disorder and its subscales before the intervention in to two groups (P > 0.05).
Nevertheless, after intervention in the experimental group, the mean of general health disorder score
decreased from 44.17 ± 12.32 to 21.9 ± 6.4 and 1 month after the intervention, the mean score
of this score was 23.6 ± 6.2. The mean score of physical symptoms, anxiety and sleep disorder,
social functioning deficiency, and depression were also significantly lower in the experimental group
immediately after intervention and 1 month after the intervention; however, there were no significant
differences between the mean of this score immediately and 1 month after the intervention. In addition,
the mean score of general health disorder changes immediately and 1 month after the intervention
in the experimental group was significantly more than the control group. In the control group, there
was no significant difference between the mean score of general health disorder and its subscales
before, immediately, and 1 month after the intervention (P > 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: The results of this research showed that mindfulness has been effective in reducing
physical and anxiety symptoms, sleep disorder, social dysfunction, and depression symptoms.
Therefore, the use of mindfulness as a complementary treatment can improve the general health
level in these patients.

Abstract Introduction: Marriage is known as the most important incident in everyone’s life after birth. The
most important purpose of marriage is achieving a life followed with love and affection beside
the spouse and providing mental comfort and general health. The aim of the present study is
to investigate the relationship between emotional intelligence health and marital satisfaction
among married people. Materials and Methods: The research method is descriptive- analytic
and its design is comparative, done on 226 people including 114 persons (50 women and
64 men) having marital conflicts, and 112 people (58 women and 54 men) having marital
satisfaction, by cluster random sampling from 13 districts of the city of Isfahan. Bar-on (with
90 questions) and Enrich marital satisfaction (115 questions) questionnaires were used
for collecting the required information. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics
including independent t-tests, Pearson correlation, and linear regression analysis, using
SPSS software version 19. Results: The results from the research showed that the scores of
emotional intelligence in married people group having marriage conflicts who had referred to
the administration of justice was 57.3 ± 13.2, and the random sample from the married people
in the city of Isfahan as the comparing group had the score of 67.2 ± 9.5, and the difference of
the average scores for the emotional intelligence for the two groups was significant (P < 0.001).
The correlation analysis showed that there was a significant and positive relation between
emotional intelligence and marital satisfaction (P < 0.001, r = 0.529). The results of linear
regression also showed that the general emotional intelligence predicts the quality of marital
satisfaction. The emotion of the predicting line of the marital satisfaction score (y) is in the form
of: y = 14.8 + 0.656x, by using the emotional intelligence score (x). Conclusion: Regarding
the close relations between emotional intelligence and marital satisfaction, education centers
such as universities, organizations and family clinics could use this variable in micro- and
macro-social plans for improving the quality of the married people relations and promoting
health of the families and the society.