Journal of Education and Health Promotion

Abstract BACKGROUND: The minimum data set (MDS) is one of the important steps in the development of
health care information systems. According to the Ministry of Health in Iran, a central and national
registry along with Parkinson’s MDS (PMDS) has not yet existed. So, this research was conducted
to establish a PMDS in Iran.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study was a descriptive–comparative method, which was done
in 2019–2021 in four phases: (1) determining data elements related to Parkinson’s disease in Iran
and selected countries; (2) extracting and categorizing the data elements; (3) making a PMDS
draft; (4) evaluating a draft by Delphi technique. The research population was the MDS in Australia,
Canada, the United States of America, and Iran. After extracting the data elements of Parkinson’s
disease from various resources, the primary draft PMDS was developed. Then, the research group
divided it into two categories (administrative and clinical). After that, it was sent to 50 healthcare
professionals for validation by the Delphi method.
RESULTS: Following the results of the two rounds of Delphi technique, Finally, PMDS was established
including a total of 223 data elements in two categories: administrative and clinical with 72 and 151,
respectively. Every category included 10 and 14 subcategories.
CONCLUSION: The first and the most important step for standardization of data collection nationally
is creating MDS. Due to the necessity of the existence of PMDS, a complete list of PMDS was
established for collecting data on Parkinson’s patients.

Abstract BACKGROUND AND AIM: Bipolar disorder (BD) is one of the most challenging psychiatric disorders
in the management area that can lead to functional, occupational, and cognitive disorders. Without
proper care, this complication can lead to profound psychological challenges and even death. The
aim of this study is to design a minimum data set (MDS) for BD.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This descriptive cross‑sectional study was conducted in two steps.
In the first step, a survey was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and SCOPUS databases to
identify the demographic, managerial, and clinical data elements. Then, the required data elements
were extracted from the studies by the data extraction form and used in a questionnaire. In the
second step, to confirm the data element set, the designed questionnaire was distributed and
collected among 20 psychiatrists and subspecialists during a two‑stage Delphi technique. Descriptive
statistics (frequency and mean) were conducted to analyze the data.
RESULTS: Totally, 112 managerial and clinical data elements in 14 categories were extracted from
the studies. Based on the experts’ opinion and their consensus, 88 necessary data elements were
considered to bipolar MDS. “Medication nonadherence,” “history of suicide,” and “substance abuse
and addiction” were the most important data elements.
CONCLUSION: In this study, an MDS was designed for BD. Providing this MDS, in addition to
improving the clinical processes, it is possible to help electronic system designers and health data
managers to know what information should be included in the health systems or any kind of self‑care
or self‑management software to meet the information needs of these patients.

Abstract INTRODUCTION: The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID‑19) is a major global health concern. Joint
efforts for effective surveillance of COVID‑19 require immediate transmission of reliable data. In this
regard, a standardized and interoperable reporting framework is essential in a consistent and timely
manner. Thus, this research aimed at to determine data requirements towards interoperability.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cross‑sectional and descriptive study, a combination of
literature study and expert consensus approach was used to design COVID‑19 Minimum Data
Set (MDS). A MDS checklist was extracted and validated. The definitive data elements of the MDS
were determined by applying the Delphi technique. Then, the existing messaging and data standard
templates (Health Level Seven‑Clinical Document Architecture [HL7‑CDA] and SNOMED‑CT) were
used to design the surveillance interoperable framework.
RESULTS: The proposed MDS was divided into administrative and clinical sections with three and
eight data classes and 29 and 40 data fields, respectively. Then, for each data field, structured data
values along with SNOMED‑CT codes were defined and structured according HL7‑CDA standard.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The absence of effective and integrated system for COVID‑19
surveillance can delay critical public health measures, leading to increased disease prevalence and
mortality. The heterogeneity of reporting templates and lack of uniform data sets hamper the optimal
information exchange among multiple systems. Thus, developing a unified and interoperable reporting
framework is more effective to prompt reaction to the COVID‑19 outbreak.

Abstract BACKGROUND: Hypertension (HTN) has become a major public health problem which can cause
serious complications when it is not well-controlled. Prevention and effective care of HTN require
a population-based registry. Thus, establishing this registry can be used to collect comprehensive,
timely, and reliable data on epidemiology cases. The aim is to create a registry for the collection of
highly required prospective data that will present an in-depth analysis of the characteristics of all
individuals with HTN and track them over a particular chronological interval.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was divided into three phases: At first, a comprehensive
literature review was conducted to determine the proposed data classes and data fields. Then, the
final minimum data set was designed by a two-round Delphi consensus approach of 20 experts of
cardiologists, nephrologists, nutritionist, and health information management. Finally, a web-based
registry system was developed by a Structured Query Language environment.
RESULTS: A total of two clinical and nonclinical data categories with nine data classes and 68 data
fields were selected for their inclusion in the registry following the consensus phase. A web-based
registry was designed with a modular and layered architecture.
CONCLUSIONS: This study provides an appropriate information infrastructure for active tracing and
monitoring of individuals with HTN. It has provided a practical information system allowing quality
improvement, aggregate reporting for planning, and research purposes.

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Interoperability will provide similar understanding on the meaning of communicated
messages to intelligent systems and their users. This feature is essential for controlling and
managing contagious diseases which threaten public health, such as acquired immunodeficiency
syndrome (AIDS). The aim of this study was also designing communication protocols for normalizing
the content and structure of intelligent messages in order to optimize the interoperability.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study used a checklist to extract information content compatible
with minimum data set (MDS) of AIDS. After coding information content through selected classification
and nomenclature systems, the reliability and validity of codes were evaluated by external agreement
method. The MindMaple software was used for mapping the information content to Systematized
Nomenclature of Medicine‑Clinical Terminology (SNOMED‑CT) integrated codes. Finally, the Clinical
Document Architecture (CDA) format was used for standard structuring of information content.
RESULTS: The information content standard format, compatible selected classification, or
nomenclature system and their codes were determined for all information contents. Their
corresponding codes in SNOMED‑CT were structured in the form of CDA body and title.
CONCLUSION: The complex and multidimensional nature of AIDS requires the participation of
multidisciplinary teams from different organizations, complex analyzes, multidimensional and complex
information modeling, and maximum interoperability. In this study, the use of CDA structure along
with SNOMED‑CT codes is completely compatible with optimal interoperability needs for AIDS
control and management.

Abstract Context: Establishing and developing minimum data set (MDS), controlled vocabularies,
taxonomies and classification systems are requirements of health information system in every
society. Aims: The aim of this study was to propose an integrated multiple sclerosis (MS) data
set by comparing European database for multiple sclerosis (EDMUS Coordinating Center Lyon,
France) and iMed© software’s (iMed, Merck Serono SA - Geneva). EDMUS is being developed at
the EDMUS coordinating centers in Lyon, France and iMed© is owned and distributed by Merck
Serono in Geneva, Switzerland. Settings and Designs: Retrieval of data of MDS performed
through scholars responsible in related agencies and clinics. Materials and Methods: This
research was an applied. The study was comparative-exploratory. In this study, data elements
in iMed© and EDMUS software’s were compared. Data collecting tool was data raw form.
Statistical Analysis Used: Results analyzing was carried out in a descriptive-comparative
method. MS data elements were proposed in three general categories: administrative; clinical;
and socio-economic. In this study, a MS data set was suggested by studying data elements of
EDMUS and iMed© softwares. Results: The MS data set includes administrative, clinical and
socio-economic data elements that collect information of MS patients during the treatment
course. iMed©, EDMUS and other available databases are suitable patterns for determining
and recognizing MS key data elements. Conclusion: Developing MS data set in this study
and studying other available MS information systems result in establishing standardized MS
data set. By establishing this data set, it will be possible to present MS MDS internationally.
MS MDS is the main base of establishing MS information systems at different levels.