Journal of Education and Health Promotion

Knowledge, attitude, and practice toward seasonal influenza vaccine during the COVID‑19 pandemic among students at King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences‑Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

. Amir Abushouk; . Mohamed Eldigire Ahmed; . Zaher Althagaf; . Abdulrhman Almehmadi; . Samer Alasmari; . Fares Alenezi; . Muhannad Fallata; . Rayan Alshamrani

Volume 13, Issue 1 , January 2023, , Pages 1-7

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Annual influenza vaccine is recommended among health professionals especially,health science undergraduates; although, studies suggest that there is a low level of vaccine ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Annual influenza vaccine is recommended among health professionals especially,health science undergraduates; although, studies suggest that there is a low level of vaccine coverageamong health care undergraduates. Thus, the study aimed to investigate students’ knowledge,attitudes, and practices regarding the seasonal influenza vaccine at King Saud bin Abdulaziz Universityfor Health Sciences (KSAU‑HS) in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.METHODS: A cross‑sectional, unicentral study was carried out during the period of April to November2021. A total of 341 validated questionnaires that included four sections were distributed in all fourdifferent colleges of KSAU‑HS. Data management and analyses were carried out using StatisticalSoftware for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25.RESULTS: Out of 341 respondents, 336 participants completed the full survey (98.53% completionrate). The majority of participants were males (67.6% and the most participants were from the collegeof medicine (60.4%). The mean knowledge score of students was found to be (11.3 ± 2.0) out of 14points. The most common barrier to vaccination among healthcare students was not having enoughtime to take the vaccine (23.8%), while the second one was the COVID‑19 pandemic (22.32%). Thevaccination rate in 2020 was 103 (30.7%), while 235 (80.4%) students stated that they have receivedthe vaccine previously. School/work requirements and the student’s awareness of the vaccine’simportance were the most common reasons for taking the influenza vaccine.CONCLUSION: Even though students showed a high level of knowledge and a positive attitudetowards the influenza vaccine, they generally had a low level of vaccine uptake. To enhanceimmunization rates, we encourage vaccine campaigns in all healthcare colleges. Further studies areneeded to identify influences on students’ attitudes and practices regarding influenza vaccination.

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Knowledge, attitude, and practice of medical interns and postgraduate residents on American Geriatric Society updated Beers criteria

. Aditi Rathore; . Rishabh Sharma; . Parveen Bansal; . Manik Chhabra; . Malika Arora

Volume 13, Issue 1 , January 2023, , Pages 1-8

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) prevalence in older adults is increasingday by day due to lack of knowledge among medical students and professionals.OBJECTIVE: ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) prevalence in older adults is increasingday by day due to lack of knowledge among medical students and professionals.OBJECTIVE: To determine the knowledge of medical students toward American GeriatricSociety (AGS) Beers criteria for PIM prescribing.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross‑sectional study employed a self‑administered questionnairewhich was validated and designed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of medical internsand postgraduate residents on Beers criteria for PIMs in older adults. The study was conductedin Faridkot region of Punjab in 2019. This study will utilize a purposive sampling strategy and aconvenience sampling of up to 183 participants. Mann–Whitney U or Kruskal–Wallis tests were usedto compare different issues as appropriate. P values of <0.05 were considered significant.RESULTS: Out of 183 questionnaires distributed, only 155 participants (response rate 84.6%) hadfilled the survey and were included in the study. 61.3% (n = 95) of the respondents were males. Themean knowledge score of 155 participants was (5.16 ± 1.56), where the highest score was 9 and thelowest score was 2 out of 10. 15.5% (n = 24) of the participant strongly agreed that Beers criteria useis necessary in clinical setting and would be very helpful. While 22.5% (n = 35) of the participantsstrongly agreed that PIMs cause adverse drug event (ADE) and drug‑related problems (DRPs) inolder adults. Age of the participant had a significant effect on the knowledge score (p = 0.009), andparticipant aged between 31 and 40 years had significantly higher knowledge scores compared withparticipants falls under 20–30 years.CONCLUSION: Medical students and postgraduate residents had average knowledge of PIMs andare unaware of the standard guidelines in older adults such as the Beers criteria. Lack of formaleducation or training about Beers guidelines was the main reason responsible for average knowledgeamong participants.

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Knowledge, Anxiety, and practice during the COVID‑19 crisis among HCWs in Saudi Arabia

. Salah Alshagrawi; . Sultan Alhowti

Volume 12, Issue 10 , November 2022, , Pages 1-6

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: The rapid and widespread of COVID‑19 has caused distress and havoc amongpeople in all walks of life. Such impact has been more pronounced among HCWs. We sought toexamine ...  Read More BACKGROUND: The rapid and widespread of COVID‑19 has caused distress and havoc amongpeople in all walks of life. Such impact has been more pronounced among HCWs. We sought toexamine how health care workers (HCWs) knowledge about COVID‑19 and perceived anxiety caninfluence preventive practices.MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cross‑sectional study a multiple regression analysis wasapplied to examine the relationship between knowledge, anxiety, and preventive practices among267 participants work in different settings in a variety of health care organizations in different regionsin Saudi Arabia. To estimate potential associations, a multiple regression analysis was applied.Standardized beta‑coefficients and their 95% confidence intervals were estimated to examine theoutcome variable and the predictors’ associations.RESULTS: Our findings shows that HCWs had high levels of knowledge about COVID‑19, perceivedanxiety, and preventive practices. In examining the relation between HCWs characteristics and theirknowledge about COVID‑19, older HCWs have been shown to have higher knowledge comparedto younger HCWs. Finally, the model to estimate the impact of knowledge about COVID‑19 andperceived anxiety on preventive practice showed that both have a significant impact.CONCLUSIONS: HCWs tendency to adhere to preventive practices is related to their levels ofknowledge and perceived anxiety. Such a relationship can inform administrators and policymakersin the health care field to design health promotion campaigns to ensure all HCWs are aware of thenature of communicable diseases and the risk they might entail.

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Systematic review of women's knowledge, attitude, and practice towards breast cancer

. Zahra Meshkani; . Najmeh Moradi; . Ali Aboutorabi; . Sara Noman; . Ali Ghanbari Motlagh; . Mostafa Langarizadeh

Volume 12, Issue 5 , June 2022, , Pages 1-11

Abstract

  The present study aims to systematically review the women’s knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP)of breast cancer (BC) screening methods to get enough information for policymakers ...  Read More The present study aims to systematically review the women’s knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP)of breast cancer (BC) screening methods to get enough information for policymakers to orient thescreening strategies. All English KAP studies on BC screening methods in five databases up to January2021 were included. The quality of the final articles was assessed using the STROBE checklist.The qualitative synthesis was performed. Out of 5574 retrieved articles, 28 were included. About64% of the articles were of high quality. Overall, there were poor knowledge, negative attitude, andlow practice between women. The educational programs and cultural plans can encourage regularscreening. Women’s excessive optimism to their BC risk should be eliminated by focusing on therisk of the disease, more.

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Knowledge and performance of the Iranian general population in the use of masks during the 2019 coronavirus

. Seyedeh Tahereh Mirmolaei; . Mehrnaz Geranmayeh; . Hamid Salehiniya; . Azam Mohammadi; . Marzieh Ebrahimi

Volume 12, Issue 1 , January 2022, , Pages 1-7

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: The use of personal protective equipment (especially face masks) has increased indifferent communities amid the COVID‑19 pandemic. Therefore, the present study aimed to ...  Read More BACKGROUND: The use of personal protective equipment (especially face masks) has increased indifferent communities amid the COVID‑19 pandemic. Therefore, the present study aimed to assessknowledge and performance of Iranian general population in wearing face masks.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study is a cross‑sectional study conducted using a validand reliable questionnaire on 1843 eligible individuals. The questionnaires were shared by Link (www.porsall.com) in groups and social networks. Data were analyzed using SPSS (Version 24.0, SPSSInc., Chicago, IL).RESULTS: The mean age of the participants was 42.84 years (standard deviation: 16.84). Themajority had inadequate and low knowledge of masks (69.2%), nearly 30% had moderate (30.1%),and few had adequate and high knowledge of masks. The individuals’ knowledge on when to weara mask was also assessed and the results showed poor and low in 42.2%, 46.9% moderate andhigh performance in 10.7%. The participants’ performance on how to properly wear a mask was alsoassessed and 12% showed poor, 69.3% showed moderate, and 18.7% showed high performance.Safe removal of masks was also assessed, and the results showed 52% low and poor, 27.6%moderate, and 20.3% high performance. A significant and direct correlation was found between theoverall score knowledge and performance regarding use of masks (P < 0.001).CONCLUSION: The results showed poor to moderate knowledge and performance of majority ofIranian general population regarding the masks. Therefore, further effective training courses andaction plans are needed in Iran given the importance of masks for the prevention of COVID‑19,especially in public places. Educational package about how to use the mask and its benefits, throughthe media and health centers is recommended.

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A questionnaire‑based study to develop an instrument measuring poor interest in biostatistics among postgraduate medical students and faculties

. Uttam Kumar Roy; . Pabitra Biswas; . Purnendu Mandal

Volume 11, Issue 9 , October 2021, , Pages 1-5

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: It has been realized by senior researchers that interest in biostatistics is very pooramong medical professionals. Knowledge of biostatistics plays an important role in ...  Read More BACKGROUND: It has been realized by senior researchers that interest in biostatistics is very pooramong medical professionals. Knowledge of biostatistics plays an important role in medical research.Studies conducted about knowledge, attitude toward biostatistics by many researchers, but there wereno works about factors in relation to it. Considering this gap, we tried to develop a new instrument.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Item generation and questionnaire formation were done using focusgroup discussion involving seven experts from different departments of medical colleges. Face validityand content validity and pilot testing were carried out step by step. In estimating reliability, internalconsistency measured after collecting data from 66 study participants. Data were collected throughself‑administered paper‑based questionnaire where response in each item was in five‑point Likertscale. Cronbach’s alpha for reliability analysis was used.RESULTS: In first stage, item generation through FGD, then face validity was assessed by seniorfaculties. Content validity was checked by Aiken’s V index. In initial stages, with six items, Cronbach’salpha was 0.805. Scale mean and variance were 24.24 and 27.26. After final reliability testing, itbecame 0.866 with four items where scale mean and variance came to 15.85 and 16.38.CONCLUSION: All the six items were important factors. Reliability improved when knowledge instatistics in higher secondary level and biostatistics classes in PG course were eliminated as factors.More qualitative research is needed for better understanding of this concept.

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Comparing the effect of electronic and lecture education of pain management on the knowledge, attitude, and practice of nurses: A randomized‑controlled trial

. Azizeh Farshbaf‑Khalili; . Madine Jasemi; . Atefe Seyyedzavvar

Volume 11, Issue 9 , October 2021, , Pages 1-10

Abstract

  INTRODUCTION: Efficient pain management by nursing staff initially needs accurate knowledgeand proper attitude in this field. The aim of present study was to compare the effects of ...  Read More INTRODUCTION: Efficient pain management by nursing staff initially needs accurate knowledgeand proper attitude in this field. The aim of present study was to compare the effects of lectureand electronic education on the knowledge, attitude, and practice of nursing staff regarding painmanagement.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present superiority randomized controlled trial with two parallelarms was conducted on 78 occupied nurses of surgery wards of X. The participants were recruitedrandomly and divided into two groups of lecture and electronic education through random blocking (4and 6 blocks). For allocation concealment, coded nontransparent pockets numbered 1–78 containingthe type of intervention were used. Educational material was presented using teacher‑centeredmethod in lecture group, as well as through multimedia program using FLASH software in e‑learninggroup through 1‑h sessions for 4 weeks. Data on nurses were collected before and 4 weeks after thetraining using demographic questionnaire, Pain Management Principles Assessment Tool, Nurses’Attitude Survey, and nursing practice checklist. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 24)utilizing descriptive and analytic statistical test such as Chi‑square, Fisher, independent t‑test, andANCOVA. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.RESULTS: Mean ± standard deviation of nurses’ knowledge, attitude, and practice regardingpain management had significant increase in both groups post‑training (P < 0.001). According toANCOVA the mean postintervention knowledge score in e‑learning group by controlling baselinescore had significant increase compared to the lecture group (adjusted mean difference [aMD] =1.8: 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.5–2.1, P < 0.001). Furthermore, the mean of total scores ofpost‑intervention attitude and practice in e‑learning group adjusted for baseline score significantlyincreased compared to lecture group (aMD = 1.8: 95% CI = 1.5–2.1, P < 0.001) and (aMD = 3.2:95% CI = 2.7–3.6, P < 0.001).CONCLUSION: Electronic education was more efficient than lecture education in increasing ofknowledge, attitude, and practice on pain management among nursing staff.

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Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices toward COVID‑19 among Persian Birth Cohort Participants

. Majid Mirmohammadkhani; . Maryam Bemanalizadeh; . Maryam Yazdi; . Parvin Goli; . Fatemeh Mohebpour; . Elham Saffarieh; . Navid Danaei; . Fatemeh Paknazar; . Seyede Shahrbanoo Daniali; . Roya Kelishadi

Volume 11, Issue 8 , September 2021, , Pages 1-9

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) toward COVID‑19 play an importantrole in controlling the outbreak. The present study aimed to investigate the KAP of a group ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) toward COVID‑19 play an importantrole in controlling the outbreak. The present study aimed to investigate the KAP of a group of womentoward COVID‑19 during the second wave of the outbreak in Iran.METHOD AND MATERIAL: A cross‑sectional survey of 2862 women was conducted in May and June2020 in two centers of Persian birth cohort . The survey instrument was a self‑reported questionnaireMultivariable linear regression analysis to identify factors associated with knowledge and practice.toward COVID‑19 and multinomial logistic regression analyses to identify factors associated withattitudes. Unstandardized regression coefficients (β) and odds ratios and their 95% confidenceintervals were used to quantify the associations between variables and KAP.RESULT: Good knowledge and optimistic attitudes toward the successful control of COVID‑19 wasseen among participants. Overall, about 57.3% (1640), 41.1% (1176), and 1.6% (46) of respondentswere categorized as low (score <50%), moderate (score: 50%–80%), and high (score > 80%) properpractice, respectively. Eighty‑five individuals with COVID‑19 experience (3.0%) had lower knowledgescore (79.91 ± 17.93 vs. 83.81 ± 13.88, P < 0.001) and lower proper practice score (40.22 ± 16.57 vs.47.96 ± 16.15, respectively, P < 0.001) compared to those who were not infected. A higher level ofknowledge was associated with appropriate practice in both groups of positive attitudes (χ2 = 32.23,P < 0.001) and negative attitudes (χ2 = 31.49, P < 0.001).CONCLUSION: This survey recorded good knowledge and relatively good attitudes among women.Special health policies plan should be taken for target populations among women during the COVID‑19pandemic.

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Application of health education and promotion theory‑based interventions on patients with cardiovascular disease: A systematic review

. Bahram Mohebbi; . Maryam Sabouri; . Azar Tol

Volume 11, Issue 5 , June 2021, , Pages 1-14

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Adopting healthy behaviors can lead to better outcomes which can deeply impactcardiovascular diseases (CVDs) development; consequently, tailoring appropriate theory‑basedinterventions ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Adopting healthy behaviors can lead to better outcomes which can deeply impactcardiovascular diseases (CVDs) development; consequently, tailoring appropriate theory‑basedinterventions may improve various outcomes among patients at CV risks. This study aimed to assesspublished researches on the application of health education and promotion of intrapersonal andinterpersonal theories/models’ interventions on patients with CVD.MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this systematic review, PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar,Scopus, Science Direct, and SID, Magiran databases for English and Persian studies were searchedusing relevant keywords, respectively. We searched for interventional studies published with no timelimits until the end of 2020 assessing the application of health education and promotion theories/modelsinterventions on adult patients with CVDs. Two reviewers individually reviewed abstracts/full‑textarticles to assess inclusion according to predefined criteria. In case of discrepancy between the tworesearchers, a third expert was requested to assess papers, and final selection decision was madebased on the agreement among the three evaluators. This systematic review was conducted usingthe following data extraction steps and assessing the quality of the studies and results.RESULTS: From 60 articles, 35 studies met inclusion criteria. Most interventions improved at leastsome educational including models constructs (20%), clinical (14.2%), and practical (88.5%) outcomerelated to CVDs. It is noted that attention to educational, practical, and clinical outcomes was focusedin published papers, respectively. Furthermore, based on the study categorization using models,some CVDs and theories/models were more concerned compared to others.CONCLUSIONS: Health education and promotion theory‑based interventions on patients with CVDappeared beneficial in the most published paper.

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Corona health‑care warriors in India: knowledge, attitude, and practices during COVID‑19 outbreak

. Rajesh Kumar; . Vanya Singh; . Aroop Mohanty; . Yogesh Bahurupi; . Puneet Kumar Gupta

Volume 11, Issue 2 , February 2021, , Pages 1-8

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: COVID‑19 has become a global health emergency after its first case in Wuhan city,China. An increasing number of cases and deaths are challenging the health‑care system ...  Read More BACKGROUND: COVID‑19 has become a global health emergency after its first case in Wuhan city,China. An increasing number of cases and deaths are challenging the health‑care system globally.This study aims to assess knowledge, attitude, and practice toward COVID‑19 disease among healthpersonnel in rapid outbreak in India.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross‑sectional survey was conducted using Google Forms throughGoogle platform on-line. A total of 713 health personal allied health‑care staff, working in different publicand private health‑care facilities, was conducted in the mid of April 2020. A structured knowledge, attitude,and practice questionnaire used to assess health personnel’s knowledge, attitude, and practice towardCOVID‑19. All instruments were validated and pretested before use. Chi‑square test, followed by binarylogistic and multivariate regression, was applied to determine factors associated with knowledge scores.RESULTS: Seven hundred and thirteen health personnel participated, and 703 (98.6%) participantsresponded were analyzed for final results. 95.9% of the health personnel were aware about routeof transmission and clinical symptoms (95.3%) of COVID‑19. 63.7% believed that virus outbreakwould be controlled globally and followed standard precautions (81.8%), including wearing the mask.Further, majority (98.3%) of the participants avoided social contact by not going to crowded placesand not calling people to their homes (82.2%) during the advisory of the government. In binarylogistic regression analyses, the adequate knowledge score found significantly associated withMBBS/bachelor’s degree (odds ratio [OR]: 2.309, confidence interval [CI]: 1.232–4.324, P < 0.009)and master’s degree (OR: 2.944, CI: 1.485–5.835, P < 0.002), working with government health‑carefacility (OR: 3.662, CI: 1.624–8.285, P < 0.002), and holding a post of a physician (OR: 7.735, CI:2.210–27.091, P < 0.001) during outbreak.CONCLUSIONS: The level of education is associated with adequate knowledge scores among thehealth personnel. Type of health‑care facility and post held in a health‑care facility are significantpredictors of adequacy of knowledge.

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Effect of a mobile application intervention on knowledge, attitude and practice related to healthy marriage among youth in Iran

. Sahebjan Torkian; . iroozeh Mostafavi; . Asiyeh Pirzadeh

Volume 10, Issue 11 , November 2020, , Pages 1-5

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Mobile app education is one of the new educational models. Hence, the purposeof this study was to determine the effectiveness of mobile app intervention on knowledge, attitude,and ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Mobile app education is one of the new educational models. Hence, the purposeof this study was to determine the effectiveness of mobile app intervention on knowledge, attitude,and practice of youth for a healthy marriage.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This quasi‑experimental study was conducted in 2019 on 88 youngpeople who were selected by simple random sampling in premarital counseling center of Falavarjancity (Isfahan). Then, participants were randomly allocated to an intervention and a control group.Mobile application intervention was installed on the intervention group’s mobiles. Data were collectedby questionnaire in two times. Data were analyzed using paired t‑test and independent t‑test.RESULTS: The mean (Standard deviation) of couples’ age was 21.11 (5.06) years. The resultsshowed that after the installation of educational consulting app in the intervention group, the meanscore of knowledge (P = 0.001), attitude (P = 0.001), and practice (P = 0.001) after intervention weresignificantly higher than before the intervention.CONCLUSION: Mobile‑based educational and counseling app increases couples’ knowledge,attitude, and practice in premarital education. Therefore, it is recommended that this type ofeducation (mobile app) be used to promote premarriage education classes.

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Comparing the effect of standardized patient‑based education and feedback lecture on midwives’ knowledge and practice in counseling screening for fetal malformations

. Maryam Javidi‑Sarafan; . Mahin Tafazoli; . Talat Khadivzadeh; . Seyed Reza Mazloum

Volume 10, Issue 6 , June 2020, , Pages 1-7

Abstract

  INTRODUCTION: Midwifery screening is one of the duties of midwives according to nationalguidelines. It is possible to increase midwives’ knowledge and practice through effective ...  Read More INTRODUCTION: Midwifery screening is one of the duties of midwives according to nationalguidelines. It is possible to increase midwives’ knowledge and practice through effective education.The aim of this study was to compare the effect of standardized patient‑based education and feedbacklecture on midwives’ knowledge and practice in screening counseling for fetal malformations.METHODS: This quasi‑experimental, two‑group study (standardized patient‑based training andfeedback lecture) was performed on 67 midwives (licensed by the office) in Mashhad in 2018.Midwives’ knowledge and practice before and 2 weeks after training (a 4‑h training program)were assessed by the Objective Structured Clinical Examination and a questionnaire. The datawere analyzed by the SPSS software version 16 using Mann–Whitney, Chi‑square, Wilcoxon andindependent t‑test while P < 0.05 considered as a significant level.RESULTS: Before intervention, the total score of knowledge and practice showed no statisticallysignificant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). After intervention, knowledge scorein feedback lecture group was statistically significantly higher than that of standard patientgroup (P < 0.001). In addition, there was no statistically significant difference in performance scoresbetween the two groups after intervention (P = 0.761).CONCLUSION: Both educational methods can increase midwives’ knowledge and practice in fetalscreening counseling. However, in raising midwives’ awareness, feedback lecture group was moreeffective than standard patient group.

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Knowledge, attitude, and behavior of elementary teachers regarding attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

. Maede Hosseinnia; . Maryam Amidi Mazaheri; . Zahra Heidari

Volume 10, Issue 5 , May 2020, , Pages 1-6

Abstract

  INTRODUCTION: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common disorder in childpsychiatry, which has a greater impact on the future life of the children affected in case ...  Read More INTRODUCTION: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common disorder in childpsychiatry, which has a greater impact on the future life of the children affected in case of beinguntreated and undiagnosed. Given the undeniable role of teachers in improving this disorder andpreventing its destructive consequences on children, the present research has examined theknowledge, attitude, and practice of elementary school teachers regarding ADHD.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a descriptive, cross‑sectional study carried out in 2019.One hundred and twenty teachers were randomly selected as samples among public and privateschools in three districts of Isfahan. Data were collected by a self‑administrated questionnaireincluding demographic variables, knowledge, attitude, and practice of teachers regarding ADHDand were analyzed by descriptive and analytical statistics. The Spearman’s and Kendall’ correlationcoefficient, t‑test, and Kolmogorov–Smirnov test were employed, and P < 0.50 was consideredstatistically significant.RESULTS: The findings indicated that 65% of teachers had favorable knowledge toward ADHD, 50%of them had a favorable attitude, and 56% of their practice was desirable. The questionnaire showedthat only their knowledge about ADHD symptoms was desirable, but their knowledge about causeof the disorder and its treatment was not sufficient. There was an inverse relationship between theknowledge, attitude, and practice of teachers with age, and between education and having a child, asignificant direct relationship was discovered. Teachers of public schools compared to private schoolteachers had significantly better knowledge, attitude, and practice.CONCLUSION: Teachers’ knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding ADHD was relatively high.However, it is necessary to educate teachers about etiology and methods of treatment of this disorderand behavior management of these students, especially private school teachers who need moreeducation.

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Assessment of knowledge, attitude, and practice toward responsible self‑medication among students of pharmacy colleges located in Anantapur district, Andhra Pradesh, India

. F. Susheela, Narayana Goruntla; . Pradeep Kumar Bhupalam; . K. V. Veerabhadrappa; . Bogireddy Sahithi, S. M. G. Ishrar

Volume 8, Issue 8 , August 2018, , Pages 1-8

Abstract

  INTRODUCTION: Responsible self‑medication plays a vital role in appropriate use of nonprescriptiondrugs which will improve safety and reduces unwanted effects of drugs.AIM: This study ...  Read More INTRODUCTION: Responsible self‑medication plays a vital role in appropriate use of nonprescriptiondrugs which will improve safety and reduces unwanted effects of drugs.AIM: This study is designed to assess knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) toward responsibleself‑medication among pharmacy students.SETTINGS AND DESIGN: A cross‑sectional survey was conducted in pharmacy students of variouscolleges located in Anantapur district, Andhra Pradesh, India.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 403 pharmacy students were enrolled and subjected forinterview using prevalidated KAP questionnaire on responsible self‑medication.STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Descriptive statistics were used to represent the sociodemographiccharacteristics and KAP levels. Association of socio‑demographic variables with KAP levels aredetermined using the Chi‑square test.RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: A total of 403 pharmacy students are recruited in the study, in these19 (4.7%) diploma in pharmacy, 260 (64.5%) bachelor in pharmacy, 27 (6.7%) master in pharmacy, and97 (24.1%) are doctor of pharmacy. Among 403 respondents, 150 (37.2%) good knowledge, 397 (98.5%)positive attitude, and 170 (42.2%) practice toward responsible self‑medication. Respondent’s age,pharmacy division, residence, and their parents’ profession were significantly associated with goodknowledge and rational practice toward responsible self‑medication with a P < 0.05.CONCLUSION: The study concludes that pharmacy students are shown more positive attitude towardresponsible self‑medication. However, students are lack of knowledge and practice of responsibleself‑medication.

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Effectiveness of training program on attitude and practice of infection control measures among nurses in two teaching hospitals in Ogun State, Nigeria

. Adekunbi Abosede Farotimi; . Ezekiel Olasunkanmi Ajao; . Iyabo Yewande Ademuyiwa; . Chinomso Ugochukwu Nwozichi

Volume 8, Issue 6 , June 2018, , Pages 1-7

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: Infection control has become a major concern in the health‑care system andhealth‑care workers, particularly nurses are at high risk of infection. This study, therefore, ...  Read More BACKGROUND: Infection control has become a major concern in the health‑care system andhealth‑care workers, particularly nurses are at high risk of infection. This study, therefore, examinedthe effect of a training program on attitude and practice of infection control among nurses in twotertiary hospitals in Ogun State, Nigeria.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study adopted a pretest–posttest quasi‑experimental design.The sample consisted of 87 participants. The experimental group consisted of 42 registerednurses from Babcock University Teaching Hospital, Ogun state, Nigeria, while the control groupconsisted of 45 registered nurses from Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital, Sagamu,Nigeria. The instrument for data collection was attitude toward components of infection controlquestionnaire (r = 72) and practice of infection control questionnaire (r = 76). Data were analyzedusing SPSS version 21.0 (SPSS Inc. Chicago IL, USA).RESULTS: Findings showed that the mean age in the experimental group was 34.92 ± 8.9 while thecontrol group was 47.43 ± 6.6. The average years of experience for the experimental group were10.42 ± 9.9 while that of the control group were 21.89 ± 8.7. Responses on attitude showed that 30participants (69%) had positive attitude in the experimental group compared to 21 participants (46.7%)in the control group. The mean difference was 4.02. Significant difference was observed betweenmean attitude score of participants in the experimental group and control group (P = 0.03), betweenmean practice score (P = 0.001), and between self‑reported and observed practices (P = 0.000).CONCLUSION: The training was effective in improving attitude and practice of infection control.Adequate provision of structured training programs on infection control measures is recommended.

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Knowledge, attitude, and practice of parents of 7–12‑year‑old children regarding fissure sealant therapy and professional fluoride therapy

. Bahareh Tahani; . Ghasem Yadegarfar; . Azimeh Ahmadi

Volume 7, Issue 6 , December 2017, , Pages 1-7

Abstract

  BACKGROUND: To increase the utilization of preventive dental care, it is essential to improvethe knowledge and attitude of parents about such cares. The aim of this study was to evaluatethe ...  Read More BACKGROUND: To increase the utilization of preventive dental care, it is essential to improvethe knowledge and attitude of parents about such cares. The aim of this study was to evaluatethe knowledge, attitude, and practice of school children’s parents toward fissure sealant (FS) andprofessional fluoride therapy in Isfahan.MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cross‑sectional study, school children’s parents (n = 637) wereselected based on proportional cluster sampling. A valid and reliable questionnaire was designed,including demographic section, questions about parents’ experience and their knowledge and attitudeabout professional fluoride and FS therapy. Data were analyzed by ANOVA, regression, Chi‑square,and correlation coefficient tests.RESULTS: The means of total knowledge and knowledge about fluoride therapy and FS were 5.9 ± 4.1out of 19, 3.3 ± 2.0 out of 9 and 2.6 ± 2.7 out of 10, respectively. The mean of attitude was 33.7 ± 5.8.The mean of knowledge toward FS therapy was significantly higher in academically educatedparents (P = 0.023). The mean of total knowledge among those who received their knowledge by theirdentist was also significantly higher than that of other resources such as mass media (P = 0.003).Total knowledge was positively correlated with attitude (P < 0.001, coefficient = 0.5). Of participants,10.4% (54) and 23.2% (124) had the experience of FS and fluoride therapy, respectively.CONCLUSION: Based on the low level of knowledge regarding professional preventive care in thisstudy and the effectiveness of knowledge acquired through dentists and mass media consultations,it might be effective to require them to consider such training more seriously.

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Assessment of Iranian orthodontists’ practice with regard to the prevention and treatment of white spot lesions

. Faezeh Eslamipour; . Majid Shahmoradi; . Vashnad Farhadi

Volume 7, Issue 2 , May and June 2017, , Pages 1-5

Abstract

  INTRODUCTION: White spot lesions (WSLs) are common adverse effect of orthodontic treatment,which can be prevented and treated by orthodontists. This study was conducted to assess Iranianorthodontists’ ...  Read More INTRODUCTION: White spot lesions (WSLs) are common adverse effect of orthodontic treatment,which can be prevented and treated by orthodontists. This study was conducted to assess Iranianorthodontists’ practice regarding the prevention and treatment of WSLs in their patients.METHODS: In this cross‑sectional study, 109 Iranian orthodontists were selected from the IranianAssociation of Orthodontists’ directory by cluster sampling. For data collection, a questionnaire wasdesigned and its validity and reliability was confirmed (Cronbach’s α =0.85). The questionnaireincluded eight general questions and eight questions about practice with regard to the preventionand treatment of WSL. Data were analyzed by descriptive tests, ANOVA test, and t‑test in SPSS 20software. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.RESULTS: The mean score of orthodontists’ practice was 7.62 (range: 0–8), and 94.4% of theparticipants were rated as good, while 3.7% and 1.9% were rated as moderate and weak, respectively.Women’s score was significantly higher than that of men (P = 0.001). With increasing participants’age, their practice has been improved (P = 0.001), but there was no significant relation between yearsof experience and their practice (P = 0.230). Nearly 94.4% of the orthodontists prescribed fluorideproducts. Toothpastes and fluoride mouth rinses were the most common prescribed products (34%).CONCLUSIONS: With regard to Iranian orthodontists’ practice, it was fortunate to note that majorityof the respondents were taking care of their patients with regarding to the prevention and treatmentof WSLs. For enhancing their competencies, it is recommended to plan educational courses whichare useful for promoting their knowledge and practice about new products and procedures used forthe prevention and treatment of WSLs.

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Knowledge, attitude, and practice of urban Gujarati type 2 diabetics: Prevalence and impact on disease control

. Jayesh Dalpatbhai Solanki; . Nidhi Shaileshbhai Sheth; . Chinmay J. Shah; . Hemant B. Mehta

Volume 7, Issue 2 , May and June 2017, , Pages 1-7

Abstract

  CONTEXT: Type 2 diabetes is the modern epidemic wherein patient care needs multiple approaches,education, and self‑awareness being one of them. There are some knowledge, attitude, ...  Read More CONTEXT: Type 2 diabetes is the modern epidemic wherein patient care needs multiple approaches,education, and self‑awareness being one of them. There are some knowledge, attitude, andpractice (KAP) studies from India but very few relating it with disease control.AIMS: We tried to study KAP of treated type 2 diabetics and its correlation with glycemic control.SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Cross‑sectional KAP study.SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We formulated KAP questionnaires in the form of KAP ‑ 10 pointsfor each and total 30. We recruited 200 type 2 diabetics (96 males, 104 females) treated by MDphysicians with known current glycemic status. They were asked KAP questionnaires one toone by a direct interview in local language and results were associated with various factors andglycemic control.RESULTS: KAP score on was average 19 out of 30 in type 2 diabetics having mean age 58 years,mean duration 9 years. KAP score was unaffected by gender, occupation, duration of disease butsignificantly affected by current age, and education level. Only 40% patients had good glycemiccontrol who scored better KAP than poor glycemic. There was positive correlation between KAPscore and glycemic control, with significance for only glycosylated hemoglobin and not fasting bloodsugar, postprandial blood sugar.CONCLUSIONS: Physician treated type 2 diabetics of our region had moderate KAP score, affectedby age, education which suggested to affect glycemic control. Lacunae in knowledge regardingincurability of disease, attitudes toward complication, self‑care, and good practices like walking,enriching knowledge need improvement so as an optimum glycemic control.

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Assessment of knowledge, attitude, and practice with regard to evidence‑based dentistry among dental students in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences

. Faezeh Eslamipour; . Marzieh Ghaiour

Volume 6, Issue 1 , 2016, , Pages 1-6

Abstract

  Aim: Evidence‑based dentistry (EBD) is an approach to oral health that requires theapplication and examination of relevant scientific data related to the patient’s oral healthand ...  Read More Aim: Evidence‑based dentistry (EBD) is an approach to oral health that requires theapplication and examination of relevant scientific data related to the patient’s oral healthand his priorities. The aim of this study was to assess knowledge, attitude, and practice ofdental students of Isfahan about EBD. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study,168 dental students in 3 final years of their education who engaged in clinical practice byconsensus sampling were recruited. For data collection, a validated questionnaire was used.The questionnaire was consisted of demographic questions and some questions aboutfour issues: Knowledge of self‑assess (KSA), evidence‑based practice, actual knowledgeand attitude about EBD. Data were analyzed with t‑test, one‑way ANOVA, Chi‑square, andlinear regression with SPSS 16. Results: One hundred and thirty‑six students from 168students were filled the questionnaire. The mean of KSA was 13 ± 4.3, mean of usageof useful references in EBD was 16.9 ± 7.6. One‑third of students were studied their lastarticle in last 6 months before. The mean of actual knowledge and attitude was 7.4 ± 2.3and 24 ± 3.8, respectively. The relation between 4 main issues was significant (P < 0.05).Conclusion: By considering overall interest and positive attitude toward learning EBD indental students, it is highly recommended that practical educational courses about EBDbe planned by dental faculties.

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Self‑medication among students in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences based on Health Belief Model

. Asiyeh Pirzadeh; . Firoozeh Mostafavi

Volume 4, Issue 5 , November 2014, , Pages 1-5

Abstract

  Background: The prevalence of self‑medication is high all over the world, especially in Iran.But there is a paucity of studies to explore self‑medication activities among the universitystudents. ...  Read More Background: The prevalence of self‑medication is high all over the world, especially in Iran.But there is a paucity of studies to explore self‑medication activities among the universitystudents. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to determine the self‑medicationamong student in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, based on Health BeliefModel (HBM). Materials and Methods: This cross‑sectional study was conducted in 197medical students of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences who were randomly chosen bya stratified random sampling method in 2009. The data were collected using a validatedand reliable questionnaire based on HBM. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSSsoftware (ver. 16). Descriptive and analytical statistics (independent t‑test and test) were used.A two-tailed P value lower than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Themean and standard deviation of participants’ age was 22.00 ± 2.77 years. 67.3% of the sampleconsisted of females. The mean scores of knowledge, perceived susceptibility, perceivedseverity, perceived benefits, and perceived barrier were 80.36 ± 18.29, 40.92 ± 13.89,61.48 ± 19.03, 59.11 ± 18.46, and 30.36 ± 12.40, respectively. According to the results,84.98% of students had experienced self‑medication at least for one disease during thepast 6 months. Conclusions: The prevalence of self‑medication in medical students is highand we can consider it as a health problem. So, we need educational interventions for thestudents, using HBM constructs.

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Knowledge, attitudes, and practice of breast self‑examination among female health workers in Isfahan, Iran

. Mahnoush Reisi; . Seyed Homamodin Javadzade; . Gholamreza Sharifirad

Volume 3, Issue 8 , August 2013, , Pages 1-5

Abstract

  Background: Breast cancer as a most common organ cancer in women is the first cause of deathamong women with 40‑45 years old. The only way to control this disease is early detection, ...  Read More Background: Breast cancer as a most common organ cancer in women is the first cause of deathamong women with 40‑45 years old. The only way to control this disease is early detection, thatit can be treated in about 90% of women with breast cancer. The best way for early detectionof breast cancer is screening, and the best accessible way is breast self‑examination (BSE).Considering this fact that female health workers are responsible for improvement of publichealth, in addition to self‑care, they can encourage the clients and help to improve healthygoals. Therefore, this study investigates the knowledge, attitudes, and practice (KAP) of BSE among female health workers. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross‑sectionalstudy was done among 119 female health workers in Isfahan, working in healthcare centers.The method of sampling was clustering. KAP of theses participants were assessed with KAPquestioner. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics methods.Findings: The mean age of participants was 38/3 ± 7/27. The knowledge about breast cancerand doing B SE was good (79/8%) in most participants and (72/45%) of them have positiveattitudes, but only (39/5%) of the samples performed BSE regularly every month. A significantrelationship was found between the attitudes and the university degree of the health workersand also between age, university degree, and the times of taking part in education classes withperforming BSE in the best time for BSE (P < 0.005). A total of 12/6% of them did not havea good performance. Conclusion: Considering that health workers can play an important rolein encouraging the clients to perform healthy and preventive behaviors, their weak behavior isnot acceptable in these groups. This result also shows that additional studies are needed toidentify the factors that make women using screening services and encourage them for usingthese methods.

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